新版新目标英语八年级下册unit-3知识点总结.doc

八年级英语下册单元知识点总结
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
一．重要词组及短语
1. could you please do sth.? 你能……吗？/ 请你干……好吗？
2. do the chores 做杂务
3. do the dishes 洗餐具
4. sweep the floor 清扫地板
5. take out the trash 倒垃圾
6. make one's bed 铺床
7. fold one's clothes 叠衣服
8. clean the living room 清扫客厅
9. stay out late 晚归
10. e over 过来
11. have a test 考试
12. get a ride 搭车
13. use one's puter 使用某人的电脑
14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事
15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服
17. wash the car 刷车
16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭
18. work on 从事，忙于
work at 学习、致力于、在……上下工夫
19. borrow some money 借一些钱
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)
20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
invite sb to a place 邀请某人去某地
21. go to the store 去商店
22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事
disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见
23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料
take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好
26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
27. play with sb. 和某人玩
28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)
29.关于 to 的短语总结：
have to do sth. 不得不，必须做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 热爱做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
start to do sth. 开始做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事

二、重点短语句型
1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash?
Could you please do sth ?请你（做）......好吗？ 用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could 不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.
---Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.
---Sorry , I can’t
2、take out 取出（v+ adv）
【注】: 跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边
e.g. His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out .
【短语】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走
take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下； 起飞
3. Can you do the dishes.？ do the dishes 洗碗
【结构1】do the +名词： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do the +动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生
【结构3】do one’s + 名词 do one’s housework/ homework 做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do some +动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书/购物
e.g. Could I at least finish watching this show?
1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......吗？
用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?
2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过
Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.
3】finish v 结束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
e.g. Can you finish reading these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.
5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.
作形容词

足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）
【解析2】enough I don’t have enough money with me.
作 副词

足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming.
【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isn’t kind enough to help others.
【注意】enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。

6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?
【解析】take out 拿出；取出
take 的用法：
拿；取
Please take some books to the classroom.

吃；喝；服用

Take this medicine three times a day.
乘（车；船等）
take
They usually take the bus to work.
花费（时间；金钱）

It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.

【拓展】take 构成的短语：
take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱下；起飞 take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢来 take one’s temperature 量体温

7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .
【解析1】the minute = as soon as “一...... 就......” Please write to me the minute you get there.
【解析2】 in front of
in front of
指在物体外部的前面
There is a bike in front of the classroom.
in the front of
【辨析】

指在物体内部的前面
Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom
【记】 The driver sat _____in the front of___________ the car. The policeman stood ___in front of________ the car.
【注意】有the无the区别大：
at table 吃饭；进餐 in hospital 住院

at the tabel 在桌边 in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）
【解析3】e over 过来
【拓展】 e 短语：
e across（偶然）发现 e back 回来 e up with想出
e true实现 e down下来 e from=be from来自,出生于
e in/into进入,进来 e on赶快,加油 e along走吧,过来,快点
e and go来来去去 e up上来 e out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来

8. I’m just as tired as you are! as...as ... 和......一样......
9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I.
【解析】neither +助动词/系动词/情态动词 +主语 “某人（主语） 也不”
⑴ neither两者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定
e.g. Neither Tom nor Jim is a student
⑵ 表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”
e.g. —The first one wasn’t bad.
— Neither was the second.
10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.
【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语
【注】find → found →found v寻找
(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很

11.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?
【解析】hang out 闲逛 hang up 把......悬挂/挂起

12. Could you please pass me the salt?
【解析】pass ⑴v 给；递；走过；通过
pass sb.sth 把某物递给某 Pass on 传递
e.g. Please pass the paper on to the other students.

⑵ v 通过；路过 I pass your home.
⑶ v 通过（考试） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.
13.Could I borrow that book?
Could you lend me some money?
【解析】borrow /lend/keep
(1)borrow 借入 ,与from 连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物
e.g. You can borrow the book from the library.
(2)lend 借出 ,与to 搭配 【指借出去】
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
e.g. He doesn’t want to lend his book to others.
(3)keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】

14. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。
hate to do sth 讨厌做某事, 表示某次具体行为或动作。 I hate to trouble him.

hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。 She hates smoking in her room.

15.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?
【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。
ask for 请求，要某物
ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事
(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助
(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事
ask构成的短语：
短语
含义
ask sb. to do sth
请某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth
不让某人做某事
ask sb for sth
向某人要某物
ask for help
寻求帮助
16. . Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？
【解析】invite sb. to Sp. 邀请某人去某地
【解析】invite v → invitation n邀请
(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事
(2)invite sb. to +地点 邀请某人去某地
17.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
【解析】make sb. do sth 让某人做某事
make → made →made v. 做， 制作， 使得
(1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy
(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.

18.They don’t have time to study and do housework，too.
【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事
have time =be free 有空
19. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家务是在浪费他们的时间。
【解析】a waste of 浪费 a waste of time 浪费时间 a waste of money 浪费金钱
20.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and
get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。
【解析1】spend... on sth 在某事上花费......
spend/pay/cost/take 花费
(1)spend→spent→spent v 花费,主语是人
◆ sb.+ spend +时间/钱+on sth ◆sb. +spend +时间/钱+（in） doing sth
◆spend on= pay for 支付
He spends too much time on the puter games.
Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones, because they’re not going to be around forever.
My father __spent___ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.
(2) pay →paid →paid v 支付，主语是人
◆sb.+ pay + 钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.
— How much did you __pay__ for this puter? — Five hundred dollars.
(3) cost→ cost→ cost v 花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱
A new puter costs me a lot of money.
I bought a new sweater last weekend. It ___cost_ me 120 yuan.
(4)take→took → taken v 花费
◆It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.
【解析2】get into =enter 进入
【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服
get dressed穿衣 get into进入 get/be lost丢失 get off/on下/上车
get on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of从…出来 get warm 变暧
get ready for +n.为…做准备 get ready to do sth.准备做某事get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会
get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相关：(be asleep睡着)
21. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and fortable environment at home for their children.
【解析】provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
provide
为应急等做好准备而“提供； 供给”
provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物
offer
侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.对某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主动提出干某事
supply
定期“供应” , 强调替代或补充所需物品
Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物

21. Our neighbor’s son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself.
take care of 照顾Thanks for your invitation, but I’m so sorry I can’t go. I need to ___take care of___ my baby at home.
【拓展】与take相关的短语：
take photos/pictures 照像 take away拿走 take out取出(work out算出) take care当心 take a walk散步
take medicine服药 take place发生take one’s temperature量体温 take one’s time别着急