万头优质仔猪繁殖场调研报告.doc

by the afternoon and she is right.However,the evening makes it all worthwhile.We watch the mother chimpand her babies play in the tree.Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.  Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.However,this was not easy.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960,it was unusual for a woman to live in a forest.Only after her mother came to helpher for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.Her work changed the way people think of chimps.For example,one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.Until then every thought chimps only eat fruit and nuts.She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other,and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.  For forty years Jane Goodall has beenoutspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where the can live safely.She is leading a busy life but she says:  “Once I stop,it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.It’s terrible.It affacts me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself,’Aren’t they lucky?’And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong.Once you have seen that you can never forget…“  She has achieved everything she wanted to do:working with animals in their own environment,gaining a doctor’s degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can.She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.    WHY NOT CARRY ON HER WORK? I enjyed English ,biology,and chemistry at school,but which one should I choose to study at university ?i did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specalist in women’s diseases.She lived from 1901 to 1983 .It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career ,travling abored to study as well as writing books and articles.One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how to keeping babies clean,healthy and free from sickness.Why did she write that?Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice?I looked carefully at the text and realize that it was intended for women in the countryside.Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.  Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training ata that time.That was a generation when girls’ education was always placred decond to boys’.Was she so much cleverer than anyone else?Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patiens.There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s work,went late at night to deliver a baby for a pool family who could not pay her.  By now I could not wait to find out more about her . I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to herpatiens and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?It was still not too late for me to improve my studies,prepare for the university entrance examinations , and … ELIZABETH FRY When the Quaker Elizabeth married Joseph Fry,it seemed as if her life would be comfortable and peaceful.However,Elizabeth was not content with her easy life and her growing family.She saw many poor people living near her and she wanted to help them.  One day she was asked to visit a prison .At first the prison officers did not want to let her visit the women prisoners because they feared the prisoners would attack her,but Elizabeth was not afraid.She realized that the prisoners behave badlly because they were treated like animals.They had no beds,clean clothes,food or heating.Any child born in prison had to stay there and had no chance of an education.This meant they would probably have to beg or steal when they grew up and then would return to prison.So the first thing Elizabeth did was to provide food,clean clothes and straw for beds.Later she began a prison schoolfor the chilldren and taught the women to sew,knit and make goods to sell.In this way they able to make a little money for themselves and gain some self-respect.Her lindnesshelped her gain the friendshipof prisoners and they began to try to improve their conditions for themselves.Later Elizabeth was asked to go to the leaders of Britain to discuss how to improve the conditions for prisoners。  Of course she did not do all the work on her own.Other Quaker women helped her and went around the country raising money for her wprk.Some people did not like her ideas and quarrelled with her.They said that she should spend more time with her family.Other people said she enjoyed being famous toomuch.However,her husband,Joseph,supported and encouraged her,so she continued working to help improve the lives of poor prisoners tillshe died.Her ideas did not disappear after her death and her work was remembered in 1947 when the Quakers were given the Noble Peace Prize.   Unit 2 A pioneer for all people Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past fice decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow Rick that has a high output. This special strain of Rick makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain. Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for incresing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of thwart world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to volin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with to much money has more rather than fewer troubls. He therefore gives millions of Yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the glboe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.  Chemical or organic farming? Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has vecome very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health. What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a lonog time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals. With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and
第一章 总论
1.1项目单位基本情况
1.1.1概况
项目单位☆☆☆☆☆☆良种养殖场，位于☆☆☆☆☆☆镇☆☆☆☆☆☆脚下， 2005年10月开始筹建，已建成标准“150模式”猪舍4栋，添置标准化养猪设施285台套，面积2000平方米，沼气池2口，开挖精养鱼池3口，面积35亩，制订了“统一规划、分步实施、标准化生产、产业化经营”的目标，按“地面建舍养猪、地下建池产气、荒滩开池养鱼、水面围栏养鸭”生态养殖模式，实现资源的合理配置。
1.1.2财务状况
2007年12月31日，项目单位资产总额158.00万元，固定资产原值99.95万元，固定资产净值99.95万元，流动资产58.05万元，负债总额36.70万元，所有者权益121.30万元，实收资本105.00万元。2007年度营业收入111.27万元，净利润16.30万元。净资产收益率13.44%，投资报酬率10.47%，资产负债率23.23%。
2008年12月31日，项目单位资产总额230.21万元，固定资产原值165.89万元，固定资产净值150.13万元，流动资产80.08万元，负债总额50.66万元，所有者权益179.55万元，实收资本140.00万元。2008年度营业收入168.46万元，净利润23.25万元。净资产收益率12.95%，投资报酬率10.26%，资产负债率22.01%。
1.1.3法人代表基本情况
项目单位法人代表###同志，#####，先后从事过饲养员、技术员、副场长、场长，2001年被☆☆☆☆☆☆渡镇党委、政府授予“2000年度科技致富带头人”荣誉称号，2009年被☆☆☆☆☆☆渡镇党委、政府评为“2008年度三个文明建设先进个人”。
1.2项目建设方案
1.2.1项目名称、建设性质及建设地点
项目名称：☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆区1万头优质仔猪繁殖场改扩建项目。
建设性质：改扩建。
建设地点：☆☆☆☆☆☆区☆☆☆☆☆☆镇。
1.2.2建设规模及经营方案
建设规模：总投资450.73万元，其中，土建工程费242.16万元，设备投资费87.00万元，科技措施费用支出42.70万元，流动资金50.00万元，其他费用28.87万元。项目达产后，年出栏优质仔猪10000头。
经营方案：一是引进优良种猪，开展三元杂交，保证仔猪品质优良，健康无病。二是以合同的形式，为周边150模式养殖户提供优质仔猪。三是建立网上优质猪交易平台和若干个仔猪交易市场，解决小型养猪专业户和散养户对优质仔猪的需求。四是打造健康仔猪品牌，不断提高市场知名度。
1.2.3技术、设备及主体工程
技术来源的可靠性与可得性：项目单位和☆☆☆☆☆☆农业大学畜牧学院建立了良好的合作关系，并定期邀请☆☆☆☆☆☆农业大学的专家教授前来项目单位规范指导、现场演示，提高饲养技术水平和员工专业素质；同时，积极从湖北省畜牧科研单位引进新品种、新技术，提高母猪繁殖率，提高仔猪成活率。
主要设备名称及数量：购进公猪栏、母猪栏、分娩栏和保育栏等主要设备共112件/套，购进饲料桶、饲料车、潜水泵等辅助设备共计34件/台。
主要建筑物（主体工程）类型、面积：扩建标准化猪舍2340平方米，改建中大猪舍200平方米，扩建沼气池75立方米，扩建化粪池80立方米。
建设期限：建设期限12个月，其中，前期工作1个月，土建工程7个月，设备购置2个月，安装调试试运行1个月，引进种群投产1个月。
1.3投资结构及资金来源
项目总投资450.73万元，其中，土建工程费用242.16万元，设备购置费87.00万元，设备安装工程费10.64万元，科技投资42.70万元，流动资金投资50.00万元，前期工作费10万元，预备费8.23万元。拟申请国家农业综合开发中央财政补贴资金50.00万元，地方配套财政补贴资金25.00万元，其中：省级配套财政补贴资金20.00万元，县（区）级配套财政补贴资金5.00万元；项目单位自筹资金375.73万元。
1.4项目效益
经济效益：项目达产后年营业收入估算为500万元。通过项目实施，有利于带动项目区饲料行业和养猪业的集约化和产业化发展，从而促进了当地农业的发展和经济的繁荣，经济效益明显。
生态效益：项目采用的养殖技术能将猪粪便等杂质直接被木屑、稻秆内的生物菌转化，没有臭味，猪圈环境可得到很好的改善。同时，项目的实施能充分发挥资源、科技等生产要素优势，新建高效化养殖基地，大力推进农业发展集约化、格局立体化、产业高效化进程。此外，项目单位专项投资整治污水池，带动了项目区绿色环保的积极性，改善了当地农村的生活条件，促进了人与自然的和谐发展，具有良好的生态效益。
社会效益：项目实施不仅能提高项目单位的经济效益，而且能带动农民通过饲养优质三元猪致富，对促进地方经济发展，增加就业机会，带动农民增收作用明显。农民收入的增加带来农村市场需求增加，人们生活水平不断提高，党的政策更加深入人心，党群干群关系更加密切，极大地促进了社会稳定。
1.5可行性研究报告编制的依据
国家农业综合开发办公室[2008]207号《2009年国家农业综合开发产业化经营项目申报指南》、《国家农业综合开发“十一五”规划》、《2008年国家农业综合开发产业化经营项目可行性研究报告编写大纲》；财政部《国家农业综合开发资金和项目管理办法》（财政部令第29号）；建设部《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》；《农业项目可行性报告与经济评价手册》；☆☆☆☆☆☆有关统计资料；项目单位提供的报表和基础资料。
1.6综合评价
项目建设的必要性：根据人民生活水平的提高，人们的物质需求也越来越高，消费观念也大有改观。良种猪的繁育是满足人们物质需求、活跃经济的重要的一环，只有肉食食品满足市场供应，人们的消费才能活跃，社会的稳定发展才能得以体现。目前，猪肉市场价格上涨，肉源短缺，生猪存栏量少，繁育率低，势必造成物价上涨，形成恶性循环。为更好的解决这一难题，规模化的良种猪繁育势在必行，靠国家的扶持政策养猪业形成规模化的生产体系，大有必要。因此，大力发展无公害优质三元猪繁育，是落实“菜篮子工程”，发展畜牧业，调整农业结构，保护生态治理环境的重要举措，对促进农业增效与农民增收意义重大。
项目建设的可行性：技术方面，挂靠☆☆☆☆☆☆农业大学畜牧学院，不断提高生猪的饲养水平，同时与湖北省畜牧兽医研究所建立良好的合作关系，开展疫病的防治工作，并积极组织单位科研人员引进新品种，注入先进的管理理念及科学的管理方法，配制优质无公害全价饲料，养殖技术来源有保证。经济方面，属于国家农业综合开发产业化经营项目优先扶持范围，带动农户增收效果明显，经济效益可观，自筹资金来源有保障。环境方面，项目区地理位置和地理条件优越，项目区近距离范围内没有污染源，由☆☆☆☆☆☆环境保护局出具批复确认项目建设符合环保规划，同意项目建设施工。市场方面，随着人们对猪肉的青睐度增加和农村猪肉消费市场的启动，生猪养殖面临着较大的利润空间和广阔的市场前景，市场销路畅通。
风险评估：项目敏感性分析显示，对饲料成本和销售价格比较敏感，存在一定市场价格风险。建设优质生猪养殖基地后，自购原料，自配优质全价料，降低饲料成本，饲料供应有保障，风险评估为极低。
带动作用：通过“公司带农户”的方式，直接带动150模式养殖户，进行规模化、标准化养殖，年新增出栏优质三元猪1万头，创直接经济效益150～200万元，同时通过项目的示范作用，引导带动农户养殖三元猪、改良生猪品种，增加养殖效益。优质三元猪活猪价格比土杂猪价格一般高出0.8～1元/公斤，头平增收80～100元，间接效益十分可观，带动农户的作用十分显著。
问题及解决方案：在相关突发性公共卫生事件影响下，项目产品会出现暂时性市场风险和疫病风险。由于价格变动频繁，养猪的收益波动大，短期内风险较大，因此养殖要有五年以上规划，研究降低成本的方法，引进廉价饲料；推广新技术、新品种，加强管理，保障养殖户利益；同时严格按防疫程序搞好生猪的各种免疫接种，建立一支强有力的技术队伍，为养殖户提供全方位的技术服务。同时本项目建设标准要求高，养殖技术专业性强，对疫病控制要求严格，时值全球猪病泛滥之际，今后项目生产应高度注重疫病预防以及猪舍卫生条件的完善和环境保护。对项目的生产，需聘请高级畜牧兽医师进行专业指导并作长期技术顾问，并充分发挥良种养殖场技术实力，制订详细、周全、科学的疫病防控预案，使之未雨绸缪，防患未然。
结论与建议：项目建设目标明确，符合国家产业政策，是2009年农业综合开发产业化经营项目扶持的重点产业之一。项目建设符合国家综合开发的宗旨和投资方向，饲养原料供应有保障；养殖技术科学合理，工艺设备先进适用，技术依托可靠，符合环境保护和可持续发展要求；项目预期效益好，辐射带动能力强，投资估算合理，筹资方案可行；基础设施有保障，项目财务经济效果可行，投资回收期合理；项目组织管理手段先进，监督有力。项目建成后，将促进当地农业经济的发展，增加农业生产的附加值，另一方面影响和带动加工业等相关产业发展，为社会提供相应的就业岗位，丰富和改善人民群众的菜蓝子，为当地经济发展、社会稳定、人民生活水平提高起到积极作用，对于繁荣当地经济也具有十分重要的意义，经济效益、社会效益俱佳，建议予以立项。

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by the afternoon and she is right.However,the evening makes it all worthwhile.We watch the mother chimpand her babies play in the tree.Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.  Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment.However,this was not easy.When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960,it was unusual for a woman to live in a forest.Only after her mother came to helpher for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.Her work changed the way people think of chimps.For example,one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.Until then every thought chimps only eat fruit and nuts.She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other,and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.  For forty years Jane Goodall has beenoutspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where the can