新目标英语八年级下语法集锦.doc

Unit1 Whats the matter?1. Whats the matter (with sb)?=Whats wrong (with sb)?=Whats the trouble (with sb)?=What happened (to sb)?(某人)怎么了？2. have a cold患感冒 have a stomachache胃痛 have a headache头痛 have a toothache牙痛 have a earache耳痛 have a sore back 背痛要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：某人+have/has+病症某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词某部位+hurt(s)某人+have/has+a pain+in ones +身体部位（There is） something wrong with ones+身体部位3. 动词+too much 的太多 形容词/副词/动词+enough enough修饰名词，常放在名词前，有时也放 在名词后。4. drink some hot tea with honey喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶see a dentist看牙医get an X-ray做个X光检查put some medicine on在上敷药have a fever发烧play puter games玩电脑游戏all weekend整个周末take breaks=take a break休息without thinking twice没多想take sb to the hospital送某人去医院wait for等待think about考虑have a heart problem患有心脏病5. take ones temperature量体温6. need后接名词，代词，动名词或不定式注：-Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？-Yes,you must.是的，你必须。-No,you neednt.不，你不必。7. take breaks=have a rest休息 break过去式broke过去分词broken8. lie “说谎”过去式过去分词lied现在分词lyinglay“产卵，下蛋”过去式过去分词laid9. go to a doctor 看医生 =go to see a doctor10. 过去进行时的构成：was/were+现在分词11. see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行） see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调过程）12. get off下（汽车，火车，飞机等） get on登上（汽车，火车等较大的交通工具） get into进入（小汽车，出租车，电梯等较小的交通工具） get out of从（小汽车，出租车，电梯，直升机等）下来 get into trouble(使)陷入困境13. do the right thing做正确的事情 right away立刻，马上14. sth happens to sb/sth某人或某物发生某事 sb happens to do sth某人碰巧 It happens+that从句 碰巧15.to ones surprise使某人惊讶的是，出乎某人意料16.agree with sb/sth同意某人的意见 agree to （do）+计划/建议 agree on+日期/条款17.thanks to 由于，多亏，因为 thanks for 感谢你18.in time 及时 on time 准时，不迟到19. get to +地点=arrive in+大地点/at+小地点=reach+地点 “到达某地”20. fall 过去式fell过去分词fallen fall down摔倒 fall behind落后 fall in倒塌 fall asleep入睡 fall=autumn秋天Section B1. put on 穿上，戴上（动作）put on sth 把放在某物上 wear穿（衣服）强调状态 dress(给)穿衣服（be）in=be dressed in穿着，后接表示衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词，表状态。2. hurt使受伤，弄疼，过去式过去分词hurt3. get hit=be hit被动结构“受到打击” get lost迷路 get married结婚 get dressed穿衣服 get sunburned晒伤4. tell 过去式told tell sb（not）to do sth告诉某人（不要做某事）5. have problems （in）doing sth =have trouble/difficulty （in）doing sth做某事有问题或困难6. breath名词，呼吸 breathe动词，呼吸7.get hit /sunburned 被打击/晒伤8.be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣9.be/get used to doing sth习惯于，适应于 use sth to do sth=use sth for doing sth用某物做某事10.lose ones life失去生命11.because 引导原因状语从句 because of介词短语，后接名词或代词12.be ready to do sth准备好了做某事 be ready for为做准备13.die不及物动词过去式过去分词died 现在分词dying，形容词dead名词death14.cut off切除 cut down砍倒，减少 cut up切碎 cut in插入，插话15.importance不可数名词，重要性 important形容词，重要的16.make a decision /decisions做决定17.be in control of 掌管，管理18.keep on doing sth继续做某事 keep doing sth继续不停地做某事 keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事19.mind doing sth介意做某事20.go mountain climbing 去爬山21.give up 放弃22.seem to do sth 好像做某事 表示建议的常见说法：1.Would you like （to do ）sth ?你想要/愿意（做）某事吗？2.Shall I /we do sth ?我/我们做好吗？3.Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？4.How /What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样?5.Let s do sth.让我们做吧。6.You d better (not )do sth.你最好（不）要做某事。Youd=you hadUnit2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Section A1.clean up打扫（清除）干净2.cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来 cheer on为加油3. give out=hand out分发；散发 give out=run out用完；耗尽 give up+时间+to do sth放弃时间去做某事 give away赠送；捐赠4. used to do sth曾经（过去常常做某事）. be/get used to doing sth习惯于，适应于 use sth to do sth=use sth for doing sth用某物做某事5.put up张贴，搭建 put away将收起来 put off推迟 put on 穿上 take off脱掉；起飞 put out熄灭；伸出 put back放回原处 put down放下，记下6.get a feeling of有感觉7.need to do sth需要做某事8.make some notices做一些公告牌 notice当“注意”讲，不可数9.be satisfied to do sth对做某事感到满意 be satisfied with 对感到满意10.of ones own属于某人自己的11.e up with提出，想出12.sick 指“生病”时主要用于英式英语。可作定语也可作表语。表示“恶心”“呕吐”时只用作表语。 ill指“生病”时，主要用于美式英语。只用作表语，一般不作定语。13.make plans to do sth制订计划做某事14.raise及物动词，举起，抬起；种植；饲养，供养太阳的升起 ，用rise。15.alone单独的，独自的，指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩。lonely孤独的，寂寞的，偏僻的，指人时含有浓重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友，同情，亲情而产生的一种孤独，悲伤和忧郁的感情。16. catch up with赶上17. such a strong feeling of satisfaction =so strong a feeling of satisfaction such +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词注意：当名词前有many，much，few，little等修饰时，要用so，而不是such。18.在岁时：at+年龄 at the age of+年龄 when+某人+beyear(s) old19.care for=take care of=look after照顾，照看20.one day有一天；总有一天；有朝一日21.decide to do sth决定做某事22.e true实现23.at the same time同时 Section B1. run out of 用完了；从跑出 run out用完，用尽，主语通常是表示时间、金钱等无生命的东西sth run(s) out 某物用尽了、用完了2. take after像；与相像=be similar to look like看上去像，多指外貌 be like像，可以指外貌，也可指性格3. be similar in sth在某方面相似/相仿4. write the letter to sb=write to sb给某人写信 receive a letter from sb=hear from sb 收到某人的来信5.set up建起；设立6.make a difference to+名词/代词/动名词(对)产生影响make no difference to对没有影响7.help sb out帮助某人摆脱困境8.train sb/sth to do sth训练某人或某物去做某事a special trained dog一只经过特殊训练的狗9.be excited about对感到兴奋，激动 be excited to do sth对做某事感到兴奋10. be strong in 强项是11. work out计算出；制定，拟出；(使问题)逐渐解决12. try out for参加选拔13. make it possible for sb to do sth使得做某事对某人来说是可能的14. volunteer ones time to do sth自愿花某人的时间做某事 Unit3Section A1. a few+可数名词复数（肯定）几个；少数 few+可数名词复数(否定)几乎没有；很少的 a little+不可数名词（肯定）一点；少许 little+不可数名词(否定)几乎没有的；很少的2. at least至少；at most最多3. as soon as 一就 asas与一样（同等级的比较） 否定：not as/soas不如4. 家务劳动： do/wash the dishes洗餐具take out the rubbish倒垃圾fold ones clothes叠衣服sweep the floor扫地clean the room打扫房间make ones/the bed铺床5. go out出去 6. stay out待在外面；不在家stay up熬夜7. neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语“也不。”so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语“也”so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词“的确如此”neithernor既不也不8.help out帮助做完某事9. throw down扔下10. all the time频繁；反复11. in surprise惊讶地12. e over过来，来访，拜访13. in front of（外部）在的前面 in the front of（内部）在的前面14.pass sb sth=pass sth to sb递给某人某物；把某物递给某人15. borrow sb sth=borrow sth from sb向某人借某物 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb借给某人某物 lend过去式；过去分词lent keep保持，保存，延续性动词Section B1.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事2.these days如今；现在；目前=nowadays3.a waste of time浪费时间4.sb spendon某人在花费(时间或金钱)sb spend(in) doing sth某人花费做某事sb pays(sb)money（for sth）某人支付/花费金钱买某物sth costs (sb) money某物花了某人金钱It takes sb time to do sth做某事花费某人时间。5.in order to 为了；目的是=in order that+从句 否定：in order not to do 6.provide sth for sb向某人提供某物 =provide sb with sth7. depend on依赖；信赖8. look after=take care of照顾；照看9. keep it clean and tidy保持它干净和整洁10. get into进入11. as a result结果；因此 as a result of由于；作为的结果12. fall ill生病fall，fell，fallen13. finish doing sth做完某事14. want sb to do sth想要某人做某事15. try(not)to do sth 尽力（不）做某事16. let sb do sth让某人做某事17. mind doing sth介意做某事18. learn to do sth 学会做某事 learn how to do sth学会怎样做某事19. the+比较级，the+比较级“越，就越”Unit4 Why dont you talk to your parents?Section A 1. have free time有空闲时间2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事3. hang（hung） out with sb. 与某人闲逛4. after-school classes课外活动课5. get into a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架/打架6. until midnight直到半夜7. talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈8. too many+复数名词 太多too much+不可数名词 太多动词+too much 太如：study too much学得过多much too+形容词/副词原级(表示程度)太9.be good at=do well in善于；擅长；在方面做得好(后接名词，代词，动名词)be good for对有益(有用）(后接名词或代词)be good to对好（和善）(后接名词或代词)be good with与相处得好(后接名词或代词)10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠11. write sb. a letter给某人写信=write to sb12. call sb. up打xx给某人13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶14. look through翻看 look around四处张望look up向上看；查找look into 调查 15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气16. a big deal重要的事（口语） a good/great deal （of sth）很多；大量17. work out成功地发展;解决18. get on with sb=get along（well）with sb和某人和睦相处get on（with sth）=get along（with sth）（在某事方面取得）进展；进步19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架20. hang over笼罩21.give back=return归还22. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事23. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事offer sb sth=offer sth to sb愿意给予，主动提出24. so that=in order to 以便so+形容词/副词+that+从句“如此的以至于”25. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事26. all the time一直27.municate with sb与某人交流28. in future今后29.next time下次30.make friends交朋友31.make sb. angry使某人生气32.worry about sth. 担心某事33.be afraid of sb/sth害怕某人或某物be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事be afraid to do sth不敢或害怕做某事be afraid+that+从句“恐怕”，多用于客气地提出个人意见或看法34.in front of在的面前35.notany more=no more不再36.copy one s homework抄袭某人的作业37. be oneself做自己38.family members家庭成员 Section B1.spend time alone独自消磨时光2.give sb. pressure给某人施压 under pressure压力之下 put pressure on sb向某人施压 3.have a fight w ith sb. 与某人吵架4.pete 不及物动词“竞争；参加比赛” petition 名词，竞争 petitor名词，竞争者 pete with sb. 与某人竞争5.free time activities业余活动6.get better grades取得更好的成绩7.give one s opinion提出某人的观点8.notuntil直到才9.continue doing sth 继续做某事 continue to do sth continue sth 10. parewith把与比较 pareto把比作11. push推（反义词：pull拉）12. learn exam skills学习应试技巧13.practice sports体育训练14.cause stress造成压力15.cut out删除 cut up切碎 cut down砍伐 cut off切断 cut in打断；插嘴16.development不可数名词，发育；发展；成长 develop动词，发育；发展；发达 developed形容词，发达的 developing形容词，发展中的17. something quiet一些安静的事18. 参加，加入：jion加入某种组织 jion in=take part in参加某活动19. turn down 关小；调低（反义词turn up） turn on打开（反义词turn off关闭）20. Its time for sth/doing sth.该是做某事的时候了。=Its time to do sth.21. What do you think of？你认为怎么样？二、重点句型1. I studied until midnight last night so I didn t get enough sleep.我昨晚学习到半夜所以睡眠不足。2. Why don t you forget about it?=Why not forget about it？你为什么不忘掉它呢？3. Although she s wrong , i t s not a big deal.虽然她错了。但这并不是什么大事儿。4. He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry.他应该跟朋友谈谈以便他能说声对不起。5. May be you could go to his house.也许你可以去他家。6. I guess I could, but I dont want to surprise him.我想我可以.但我不想让他感到惊讶。Unit5What were you doing when the rainstorm came？SectionA1. make sure 确信;确认2. wait for等候3. beat against. 拍打 beat动词，敲打，（风、雨等）冲击，（心脏、脉搏等）跳动。过去式beat，过去分词beaten。against此处为触；碰；撞；倚；靠除此之外还可以表示反对；违反。4. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着5. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失6. wake up 醒来7. rise上升；升起（rose，risen）主语常为物 raise升起；提高；增加，主语常为人。8. bring拿来，取来，做使役动词意为“促使”过去式和过去分词均为brought。9. in a mess 一团糟10. break. . apart 使分离11. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候12. at the time of 当.时候 rainstorm可数名词，暴风雨13. go off (闹钟)发出响声14. take /have a hot shower 洗热水澡15. while与when while当的时候，在期间，常用于过去进行时态中，其谓语必须为延续性动词。when当的时候，其谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。16. outside在外面，反义词：inside17. wood不可数名词，木头，木材 wood可数名词，树林 a piece of wood一块木头18. miss the bus 错过公交车19. pick up 接xx20. clean up打扫干净；整理21. take photos拍照；照相22. play the piano弹钢琴23. bring. together 使靠拢24. in the area 在这个地区25. ice冰icy结冰的frost霜frosty结霜的cloud云cloudy多云的rain雨rainy下雨的snow雪snowy下雪的wind风windy有风的sun阳光sunny有阳光的fog雾foggy有雾的Section B1. miss the event 错过这个事件2.by the side of the road 在路边3. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线4. the rest of 剩余的5. silence不可数，沉默 in silence沉默，无声 silent形容词，寂静的；无声的6. hardly副词，几乎不，表示否定含义7.walk by 走路经过8.make ones way to在某人去的路上9.hear the news 听到这个消息10.important events in history 历史上的重大事件11.for example 例如12.be killed 被杀害13.over /more than 50 50多(岁）14.a school pupil 一个小学生15.名词/代词+alone 只有；仅仅 only +名词/代词 只有；仅仅16.on the radio 通过广播17.more recently 最近地;新近18.the World Trade Center 世贸中心19.have meaning to 对有意义20.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事21.at first 首先;最初22.tell the truth说实话23.point out指出24.go away消失；离开25.as well也 as well as并列连词，不仅而且；既又26. call out喊出27. be busy doing sth忙着做某事 =be busy with sth28. see sb/sth doing sth看见某人或者某物正在做某事29. begin/start to do sth开始做某事30. try to do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth试着（用某种方法或者手段）做某事31. Its +adj+to do sth做某事是的。32. have trouble（in）doing sth做某事有困难 33. 过去进行时的构成：was/were+doing二、重点句型1. What were you doing at eight last night?昨晚8 点你在干什么？ I was taking a shower.我在洗淋浴。2. When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。3. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping?琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。 Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事2. as soon as . 一就.3.takeaway拿走；带走4.a good way to solve his problem解决他的问题的好方法5.seem very possible似乎很可能6.different opinions不同的观点7. once upon a time 从前8. continue to do sth. 继续做某事；如此 以至于 9. make sth. happen 使某事发生10. the journey to sp. .之旅11. tell the/a story 讲故事 tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事12. shoot 过去式过去分词shot13. shoot at向（某人或某物）开火/射击14. remind sb+that/what从句 提醒某人做某事；使某人想起去做某事 remind sb of/about sth使某人想起某事15. put on 穿上16. a little bit +形容词 有点儿17. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事18. give up 放弃19. instead of （doing sth）代替（做某事）20. neither of +复数名称+单数谓语（口语中可用复数）21. turn . . into 变成22. cant stop doing sth 禁不住做某事=cant help doing cant stand doing sth 无法容忍做某事23. get married 结婚get married to sb 与某人结婚marry sb 嫁给某人/与某人结婚marrysb to sb （父母把女儿）嫁给某人/（父母为儿子）娶媳妇24. the main character 主要人物；主人公25. at other times 在另外一些时候26. make 72 changes做出72种变化27. hide his tail隐藏他的尾巴28. be able to do sth能够做某事=can+动词原形29. e out (书、电影等)出版30. the+adj表示某一类人，the weak弱者，the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor穷人31. make a dress做衣服32. fall in love with sb爱上某人33. open up打开34. be born出生35. think of ways想出方法36. all over the world全世界 =throughout the world =around the world37. bee/be interested in doing sth对感兴趣38. make plan to do sth 计划去做某事 plan to do sth 计划或打算做某事39. hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事 hear sb do sth 听到某人做了某事40. walk to the other side 走到另一边去41. a fa iry tale 一个神话故事42. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分43. pieces of bread 面包片44. never mind 不要紧45. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事46. lead sb to +地点 带领某人去某地 lead sb to do sth 致使/诱惑某人47. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事be made of 由制成（表面可见原材料）be make from 由制成（表面看不出原材料）be made in +地点 产于be made into 被制成为be made up of 由构成be made by sb由制造48. go to sleep 去睡觉49. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地50. get/be lost 迷路51. change ones plan 改变计划52. in the moonlight 在月光下53. find one s way home 找到某人回家的路54. the next day 第二天55. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地56. the way home 回家的路the way to +地点 去某地的路on the way to +地点在去某地的路上on ones way to +地点在某人去某地的路上重点句型1. What do you th in k about/of. . ?So what do you th ink about the story of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？2. It doesn t seem adj . to do sth .I t doesn t seem very possible to move -a mountain.把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。3. This is because.This is because he can make 72 changes to hisshape