美国种族大熔炉.ppt

Whatsthedifferencebetween“meltingpot”and“saladbowl”2021/5/271Theconceptofthe“meltingpot”:Themeltingpotisametaphorusedtodescribethefusion(融合)ofdifferentnationalities,ethnicitiesandcultures.WhichwasequatedwithAmericanization“.maybeItwastheidealizedprocessofimmigrationandcolonizationanditwasconnectedtoutopian(乌托邦)visionsoftheemergenceofanAmericannewman.熔炉指不同文化与种族的人移居到美国，融合到一起，创造了现在多元的美国文化。2021/5/272Theoriginofthe“meltingpot”:aJewfromEnglandnamedIsraelZangwillpennedaplayentitledTheMeltingPot”,whichwasopenedinWashingtonIn1908.afterthatThemelting-togethermetaphorcameintogeneralusage.however,SomeoldstockAmericansbelievedthatimmigrantscouldneverbeassimilated.Therecanbelittledoubtthatraceprejudiceisthegreatestsinglebarriertoassimilation(同化).名称主要来自于1908年上演的同名剧。大部分人认为种族偏见是文化融合的最大障碍。2021/5/273Americanhasbecomethethird-mostpopulouscountry,whilethenativepopulationisdecreasedasopposedtotheimmigrations.AlthoughthewhiteisstillthelargestconstituteofAmericans,50.4%ofAmericanchildrenundertheageof1belongedtominoritygroups(2012).Racemelting2021/5/274ObamaAmerican&KenyaKungfupandaMixed-bloodsCulturemeltingChinatownRacemelting2021/5/275Inthesaladbowlmodel,variousAmericanculturesarejuxtaposed(并列)likesaladingredients.ThisideaproposesasocietyofmanyindividualculturesinadditiontothemixedculturethatismodernAmericanculture,andthetermhasbecomemorepoliticallycorrect(政治正确)thanmeltingpot.Theconceptofthe“saladbowl”:美国不同移民就像沙拉一样，虽然都在一个盘子里，却彼此独立。2021/5/276Xenophobia(排外心理)：Chinese Exclusion Act(United States)（1880-1943）ItwasoneofthemostsignificantrestrictionsonfreeimmigrationinUShistory,prohibitingallimmigrationofChineselaborers.Ku Klux Klan：1stKlan（18651870s）2stKlan（19151944）3stKlan（since1946）theyadvocatedextremistreactionarycurrentssuchaswhitesupremacy,whitenationalism,andanti-immigration,historicallyexpressedthroughterrorism.2021/5/277CulturalmosaicandKaleidoscopeisthemixofethnicgroups,languagesandculturesthatco-existwithinsociety.alternativemetaphors：文化马赛克文化马赛克文化万花筒文化万花筒2021/5/2782021/5/279