1、Whatsthedifferencebetween“meltingpot”and“saladbowl”2021/5/271Theconceptofthe“meltingpot”:Themeltingpotisametaphorusedtodescribethefusion(融合)ofdifferentnationalities,ethnicitiesandcultures.WhichwasequatedwithAmericanization“.maybeItwastheidealizedprocessofimmigrationandcolonizationanditwasconnectedto
2、utopian(乌托邦)visionsoftheemergenceofanAmericannewman.熔炉指不同文化与种族的人移居到美国,融合到一起,创造了现在多元的美国文化。2021/5/272Theoriginofthe“meltingpot”:aJewfromEnglandnamedIsraelZangwillpennedaplayentitledTheMeltingPot”,whichwasopenedinWashingtonIn1908.afterthatThemelting-togethermetaphorcameintogeneralusage.however,Someolds
3、tockAmericansbelievedthatimmigrantscouldneverbeassimilated.Therecanbelittledoubtthatraceprejudiceisthegreatestsinglebarriertoassimilation(同化).名称主要来自于1908年上演的同名剧。大部分人认为种族偏见是文化融合的最大障碍。2021/5/273Americanhasbecomethethird-mostpopulouscountry,whilethenativepopulationisdecreasedasopposedtotheimmigrations.
4、AlthoughthewhiteisstillthelargestconstituteofAmericans,50.4%ofAmericanchildrenundertheageof1belongedtominoritygroups(2012).Racemelting2021/5/274ObamaAmerican&KenyaKungfupandaMixed-bloodsCulturemeltingChinatownRacemelting2021/5/275Inthesaladbowlmodel,variousAmericanculturesarejuxtaposed(并列)likesaladi
5、ngredients.ThisideaproposesasocietyofmanyindividualculturesinadditiontothemixedculturethatismodernAmericanculture,andthetermhasbecomemorepoliticallycorrect(政治正确)thanmeltingpot.Theconceptofthe“saladbowl”:美国不同移民就像沙拉一样,虽然都在一个盘子里,却彼此独立。2021/5/276Xenophobia(排外心理):Chinese Exclusion Act(United States)(1880
6、-1943)ItwasoneofthemostsignificantrestrictionsonfreeimmigrationinUShistory,prohibitingallimmigrationofChineselaborers.Ku Klux Klan:1stKlan(18651870s)2stKlan(19151944)3stKlan(since1946)theyadvocatedextremistreactionarycurrentssuchaswhitesupremacy,whitenationalism,andanti-immigration,historicallyexpressedthroughterrorism.2021/5/277CulturalmosaicandKaleidoscopeisthemixofethnicgroups,languagesandculturesthatco-existwithinsociety.alternativemetaphors:文化马赛克文化马赛克文化万花筒文化万花筒2021/5/2782021/5/279