托福阅读长难句宝典.pdf

同样的努力 更好的分数 1 TPO1 TPO1 阅读第一篇 Groundwater 1. This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valley. 难句类型：主系表结构+which 引导的非限制性定语从句+主谓宾结构 难词注解：latitude n.维度 attain v. (通常经过努力)获得，得到 语法分析：This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which 主系表结构 介词宾语 非限制 tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their 性定语从句 主谓宾结构 greater heights in the valley. 参考译文：尤其对于中高纬度地区的树木，这些树木在山脊上会长得更高，而在热带地区的树木则在山谷里长得更高. 2. Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals like the ibex may be another contributing factor. 难句类型：主谓结构+that 引导的宾语从句+分词做主语的主系表结构 难词注解：ultraviolet adj.紫外线的 elevation n.(某地方的)高度， （尤指海拔） ；提拔，晋升 browse v. （牛、羊等）吃（绿叶等高处的植物） ；(在商店里)随便看看；浏览，翻阅 graze v.（牛，羊等） （在草地上）吃青草；放牧，放牛，放羊 语法分析：Some scientists have proposed that the presence of increasing levels of 主谓结构 that 引导的宾语从句 ultraviolet light with elevation may play a role, while browsing and grazing animals 主语 谓语 宾语 分词做主语 like the ibex may be another contributing factor. 主系表结构 参考译文： 一些科学家提出， 随着海拔的上升而不断增强的紫外线对树带的形成有一定影响，而如野生山羊等动物的放养是使其形成的另一个原因。 同样的努力 更好的分数 2 TPO1 阅读第二篇 The Origins of the Theater 3. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. 难词注解：reshape v.重塑；改组 encounter v.遭遇，遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事） 语法分析：Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a 主语 定语 谓语 that 引导的宾语从句 gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms which 引导的非限制性定语从句 than those encountered in daily life. 参考译文：另一种在 20 世纪提出的理论认为人类天生擅长幻想，通过幻想他们能将生活中的现实重塑成他们更为满意的形式。 4. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-beings and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness. 难句类型：主谓宾结构+并列结构+主谓宾结构+that 引导的定语从句 +并列结构 难词注解：well-being adj.健康，安乐，安康 abandon v.抛弃，舍弃 语法分析：For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential 主语 谓语 宾语 后置定语 to their well-beings and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their 并列结构 主语 谓语 oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their 宾语 that 引导的定语从句 并列结构 artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness. 参考译文：例如，一些早期社会的人们认为有的仪式对他们的幸福生活来说不再是必需品，于是取消了那些仪式。 虽然如此， 人们还是保留了那些口头传述故事的传统并且热爱从这些仪式里发展起来的神话，出于它们的艺术性，而不是宗教原因。 同样的努力 更好的分数 3 TPO1 阅读第三篇 Timberline Vegetation on Mountains 5. Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it very porous. 难句分析：主系表结构+which 引导的非限制性定语从句+that 引导的主语从句 难词解析：crystalline adj.结晶的，晶状的 basalt adj. 玄武岩（火山岩，深色） volcanic adj.火山的，火山引起的 lava n.(火山喷出的）岩浆，熔岩 bubble n.气泡 porous adj.透水的，透气的 语法分析：Most crystalline rocks are much more solid; a common exception is basalt, 主系表结构 主系表结构 a form of solidified volcanic lava, which is sometimes full of tiny bubbles that make it 同位语 which 引导的非限制性定语从句 that 引导 very porous. 的主语从句 参考译文：绝大多数的结晶岩石都更为坚固，但玄武岩是个例外，它是一种固化了的火山熔浆，有时会遍布小气泡，使其结构呈现多孔状。 6. .The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. 难句类型：主谓宾结构+wherever 引导的状语从句+分词结构做状语 难词注解：sediment n.沉淀物，沉积物 deposit v.使沉积，使沉淀 语法分析：The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a 主语 谓语 宾语 状语从句 sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, 状语 depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope. 状语 参考译文：至今，无论何地只要有沉积河或者溪流从山谷中出现流入相对平坦的地面，并随着水流变慢而将携带物留下， 相同的事情就会发生， 虽然发生范围较小： 水通常呈扇形分散，使沉积物以扇形、平滑的斜坡沉积。 同样的努力 更好的分数 4 TPO2 TPO2 阅读第一篇 The Origins of Cetaceans 7. .In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. 难句类型：定语从句+it 做形式宾语的句子 难词解析：considerable adj.相当多（大、重要的） rigorous adj.谨慎的，细致的；严格的 reverse v.彻底转变，颠倒 deterioration n.恶化 语法分析：In areas where considerable soil still remains, though, a rigorously 定语从句 enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it 并列名词短语做主语 谓语 形式宾语 possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. 宾补 目的状语 参考译文：但是，在大量土壤依旧完好的地方，一个严格执行的土地保护及植被覆盖计划有可能扭转地表的恶化状况。 8. The river that formed these deposits was actually not far from an ancient ocean known as the Tethys Sea 难句类型：定语从句+主系表结构+分词做定语 难词解析：n.沉积物，沉淀物 语法分析：The river that formed these deposits was actually not far from an ancient 主语 that 引导的定语从句 系动词 表语 介词短语 ocean known as the Tethys Sea. 定语 参考译文：构成沉积物的河流实际上离古时的海洋 Tethys 海并不远。