初中英语入门基础.doc

一、如何变一般疑问句通常提前句子中的be动词am、is、are，若句子中没有be动词，而有can则提前can。如：1、She is Lily.Is she Lily? Yes, she is. /No, she isnt.2、They are students. Are they students? Yes, they are. /No, they arent.3、I can see a bird.Can you see a bird? Yes, I can. /No, I cant.4、There is a bird.Is there a bird? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt.5、There are some cups.Are there any cups? Yes, there are. / No, there arent.注意：在变一般疑问句的过程中am变are， my变your， I变you ，we变you， mine变yours，如上句3 再如：6、I am Colin.Are you Colin? Yes, I am. /No, Im not.7、Helen is my friend.Is Helen your friend? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.二、如何作对划线部分提问，也就是如何变特殊疑问句变特殊疑问句大体要经过以下几个步骤,第一步，确定对什么划线提问，从而确定引导词。第二步，把原句变成一般疑问句，并去掉划线部分。第三步，加问号。其中以第一步尤为重要。下面就具体说一下对什么提问应该用相应的什么引导词。1、对姓名提问（句子中必须要有单词name），引导词用what 如： Her name is Han Mei.Whats her name? My name is Colin.Whats your name?2、对号码提问用Whats+某人的+number? 如： Im Number 2.Whats your number? Shes Number 3. Whats her number?3、对某人所在的排提问用What row 如：She is in Row 5.What row is she in?Im in Row 3.What row are you in?4、对某人所在的几年几班提问用what class 如：Li Lei is in Class 5 Grade 2 What class is Li Lei in?Lin Tao is in Class 5. What class is Lin Tao in?只对某人所在年级提问使用What grade如：I am in Grade 3. What grade are you in?Tom is in Grade 1. What grade is Tom in?5、对得数提问用What 如：One plus one is two. What is one plus one?One minus one is zero. What is one minus one?6、对东西（物）提问用What 如：This is a clock. What is this?That is a book. What is that?These are boxes. What are these?Those are buses. What are those?注意：对there be 句型中的物提问时，不论原句中的物是单数还是复数，be动词一律用is, 而且要省略there. 如：There is a bird in the tree. What is in the tree?There are many chairs in the room. Whats in the room?7、对年龄提问用How old 如：I am twelve. How old are you?Kate is thirteen. How old is Kate?8、对身体是否健康提问用How 如：Lily is fine. How is Lily?Im fine. How are you?9、对人提问用Who（前提是句子中不出现单词name）如：This is Miss Gao. Who is this?That man is Mr Green. Who is that man?10、对地点提问用Where如：Peter is at home now Where is Peter now?Mike is at school today. Where is Mike Today?My bike is under the tree. Where is your bike?Toms pen is in his bag. Where is Toms pen?11、对数量提问用How many+名词复数 如：There are two people in my family. How many people in your family?There is a boat in the river. How many boats are there in the river?注意：当原句是一个人或物，提问也要把人或物改成复数，而is也要变成are。12、对颜色提问用What colour 如：It is black. What colour is it?They are red. What colour are they?13、对直接用在名词（人或物）后面的表示地点的介词短语提问用which如：The man in the car is Mr Green. Which man is Mr Green.The bike behind the tree mine. Which bike is yours?14、对表示“某人的”的形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词提问用Whose如：This is my coat. Whose coat is this?That computer is hers. Whose is that computer?These are his shoes. Whose shoes are these?Those sweaters are Lilys. Whose are those sweaters?15、对时间提问用Whats the time?或What time is it? 如：It is twelve oclock. Whats the time?Its twenty to nine. What time is it?三、如何变否定句一般都在be动词后加not, 如果有can就在他后面加not,并且not能与前面的动词构成缩写形式。如：I am Helen. I am not Helen.Rose is twelve. Rose isnt twelve.You are right. You arent right.We are friends. We arent friends.I can see a dog in the picture. I can not(cant) see a dog in the picture.四、如何做同意句转换1、Is everyone here today?= we here today?2、Lucy and Lily look the same.=Lucy Lily.3、Its time to have lunch.=Its time . 4、Im in Row One. Lin Tao is in Row One, too.(合二句为一句) We are in row.巩固练习题1、Lily is twelve.（变一般疑问句并作肯定回答和否定回答）2、David is thirteen.（同上）3、Im a student. （同上）4、I can see a map on the wall. （同上）5、I can see some sheep in the garden. （同上）6、There are some books on the table. （同上）7、There is a cat behind the door. （同上）8、His name is James.（对划线部分提问）9、He is James. （同上）10、Jim is Number Two. （同上）11、Rose is in Row Three. （同上）12、Susan is in Class One grade One. （同上）13、Ann is in Grade One. （同上）14、One hundred minus fifty-two is forty-eight. 15、Twenty and eighty is one hundred. （同上）16、they are boxes.17、There are ten pears in the bag.18、May is twelve.19、Tina is fine.20、That girl is Helen.21、My brother is on the bike.22、There is one girl in the classroom.23、That box is white.24、The girl in the red coat is Lucy.25、The bike near the tree is Tinas.26、It is Toms bike.27、That hat is Mikes.28、Its five past eight.29、Its a quarter to nine. （全部同上）30、I can see some people in the room.（变否定句）31、There is an apple. （变否定句）32、There are some pens in the pencil-box. （变否定句）33、We are friends. （变否定句）34、Li Lei and Lin Tao are classmates. （变否定句）35、Im Colin. （变否定句）36、Are we all here today?（改写同意句） here today?37、Tom and Jim look the same. （改写同意句） Tom Jim.38、Its time for school. （改写同意句）Its time .39、Tom is in Class One. Jim is in Class One, too. （改写同意句） Tom and Jim are in class.40、Its time to have lunch. （改写同意句） Its time .41、It is a box. （变复数句子）42、This is a bus. （变复数句子）43、That is an orange. （变复数句子）44、She is a student. （变复数句子）45、I am a Young Pioneer. （变复数句子）46、They are books. （变单数句子）47、Those are boats. （变单数句子）49、These are eggs. （变单数句子）50、We are students. （变单数句子）51、They are Young Pioneers.（变单数句子） 3、通过活动，使学生养成博览群书的好习惯。B比率分析法和比较分析法不能测算出各因素的影响程度。C采用约当产量比例法，分配原材料费用与分配加工费用所用的完工率都是一致的。C采用直接分配法分配辅助生产费用时，应考虑各辅助生产车间之间相互提供产品或劳务的情况。错 C产品的实际生产成本包括废品损失和停工损失。C成本报表是对外报告的会计报表。C成本分析的首要程序是发现问题、分析原因。C成本会计的对象是指成本核算。C成本计算的辅助方法一般应与基本方法结合使用而不单独使用。C成本计算方法中的最基本的方法是分步法。XD当车间生产多种产品时，“废品损失”、“停工损失”的借方余额，月末均直接记入该产品的产品成本 中。D定额法是为了简化成本计算而采用的一种成本计算方法。F“废品损失”账户月末没有余额。F废品损失是指在生产过程中发现和入库后发现的不可修复废品的生产成本和可修复废品的修复费用。F分步法的一个重要特点是各步骤之间要进行成本结转。()G各月末在产品数量变化不大的产品，可不计算月末在产品成本。错G工资费用就是成本项目。()G归集在基本生产车间的制造费用最后均应分配计入产品成本中。对J计算计时工资费用，应以考勤记录中的工作时间记录为依据。()J简化的分批法就是不计算在产品成本的分批法。()J简化分批法是不分批计算在产品成本的方法。对 J加班加点工资既可能是直接计人费用，又可能是间接计人费用。J接生产工艺过程的特点，工业企业的生产可分为大量生产、成批生产和单件生产三种，XK可修复废品是指技术上可以修复使用的废品。错K可修复废品是指经过修理可以使用，而不管修复费用在经济上是否合算的废品。P品种法只适用于大量大批的单步骤生产的企业。Q企业的制造费用一定要通过“制造费用”科目核算。Q企业职工的医药费、医务部门、职工浴室等部门职工的工资，均应通过“应付工资”科目核算。 S生产车间耗用的材料，全部计入“直接材料”成本项目。 S适应生产特点和管理要求，采用适当的成本计算方法，是成本核算的基础工作。()W完工产品费用等于月初在产品费用加本月生产费用减月末在产品费用。对Y“预提费用”可能出现借方余额，其性质属于资产，实际上是待摊费用。对 Y引起资产和负债同时减少的支出是费用性支出。XY以应付票据去偿付购买材料的费用，是成本性支出。XY原材料分工序一次投入与原材料在每道工序陆续投入，其完工率的计算方法是完全一致的。Y运用连环替代法进行分析，即使随意改变各构成因素的替换顺序，各因素的影响结果加总后仍等于指标的总差异，因此更换各因索替换顺序，不会影响分析的结果。()Z在产品品种规格繁多的情况下，应该采用分类法计算产品成本。对Z直接生产费用就是直接计人费用。XZ逐步结转分步法也称为计列半成品分步法。A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用，“制造费用”账户月末(可能有月末余额/可能有借方余额/可能有贷方余额/可能无月末余额)。A按年度计划分配率分配制造费用的方法适用于(季节性生产企业)