资源描述
写公益计划书
成功地完成一个项目计划书,同其它任何工作一样,都需要深思熟虑的准备、有效的策略和清晰的计划。
成功地完成一个项目计划书,同其它任何工作一样,都需要深思熟虑的准备、有效的策略和清晰的计划。项目计划书可以是一个机构的内部文件, 用来向董事会、理事会汇报并希望得到他们的批准与支持;也可以是机构就某一项目寻求资金上支持的对外筹款计划书。我们下面所谈到的就是后一种情况。
不同的资助方对项目计划书的提交有不同的要求,甚至有些资助方要求申请资助者填写一些特定的表格。但是无论怎样,准备出一个通用的项目计划书,并可以根据不同的要求进一步形成不同的文本,都是非常必要的。
虽然项目计划书的目的是寻求资金上的帮助,但它决不能只是一个“购物清单”。一般来讲,一个项目计划书要包括以下几个方面的内容:
1、封面页
这是容易被忽视的部分。有很多机构认为内容比形式更重要。其实,形式是可以更好地表现内容的。另外,项目计划书也是能使资助机构了解和认识我们的一个很重要的窗口,表现得专业与严谨,是绝对可以得到加分的。
封面可以只简单地写上项目名称和日期,也可以包括以下信息: 项目名称;申请(执行)机构;通讯地址;电话、传真、E-mail;联系(负责)人;还可以把银行账户、律师、审计机构等信息列在封面页上。另外,如果是向某一机构筹款的话,最好在前面加封简单的附信。由于一份项目计划可以提交给多个资助机构,这就需要一个个性化的附信,要以“某机构某人”为开头,以表明你对该机构的重视与尊重。
2、项目概要(总论)
这是最重要的一部分,也是读者最先阅读、浏览的部分。要知道基金会的项目经理们每天都会收到大量的申请要求,他们也许没有足够的时间“看”完所有的项目计划书。所以,项目?概要?部分将成为影响“初选”结果的决定因 素;在概要部分,要把你认为重要的所有信息汇集起来。概要一般要包括:机构的背景信息、使命与宗旨;项目要解决的问题与解决的方法;项目申请方的能力和以 往的成功经验,等等。
需要特别指出的是:尽管项目概要部分排在计划书的前半部,但实际上,这一部分是要在写完所有计划书以后,才动手写的。
3、项目背景、存在的问题与需求
在这一部分,需要详细介绍存在的问题以及为什么你要设计这个项目来解决这些问题。要充分地说明问题的严重性与紧迫性,最好能提供一些数据,这样不但可以充分地说明问题,同时还能表明你对这一项目的了解。此 外,你还可以使用一些真实、典型的案例,以便在
情感上打动读者,进而引起他们的共鸣。要说明项目的起因、逻辑上的因果关系、受益群体及其与其它社会问题之间的关联等。一般来讲,这一部分包括以下主要信息:
* 项目范围(问题与事件、受益群体);
* 导致项目产生的宏观与社会环境;
* 提出这个项目的理由与原因;
* 其它长远与战略意义;
4、目标与产出
在使资助机构确信“问题”的存在以后,明确提出你的解决方案。机构间的合作是被鼓励的。如果你还有其它的机构合作伙伴,也要明确说明。
在这一部分中你要详细地介绍你的项目计划、项目的总体目标、阶段性目标与任务,以及各目标的评估标准。总体目标是一个长期的、宏观的、概念性的、比较抽 象的描述。由总体目标可以分解成一系列具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、带有明确时间标记的阶段性目标。比如,“减少文盲”是总体目标,“到2010年10 月,使200个农村妇女达到认识1000字”就是一个具体目标。对目标的陈述一定要非常清楚。最重要的是,制定的目标要切合实际。不要承诺你做不到的事 情。要牢记,资助者希望在项目完成报告里看到的是:项目实际上实现了这些既定目标。
5、受益群体
在这一部分中,你要对项目的收益群体做一个更加详细的描述。有必要时,你还可以把收益群体分为直接受益和间接收益群体。比如NPO信息咨询中心的能力建设项目的直接收益群体是国内NGO和NGO的从业人员,但间接收益群体却是 NGO的服务对象。因为通过能力建设,提高了NGO的服务能力与效率,从而使之能为其服务对象提供更好、更多、更完善的服务。又比如一个残疾人服务机构, 其直接收益群体是残疾人群,间接收益群体则是他们的家庭,甚至是整个社会。
许多资助方都希望受益群体能从始至终地参与到项目之中。尤其是在项 目的设计阶段,受益群体的参与更加重要。你可以在附件中列出受益群体参与项目的活动,包括组织受益群体参加的讨论会、会议主题、时间、参加人员等;同时, 也让资助方了解到你的项目不但是针对受益群体而设计的,而且,得到了他们的广泛支持与认可。
6、解决方案与实施方法
通过以上的部分,你已经清楚地解释了存在的问题及你希望完成的事情。现在,需要介绍你如何达到目标,即采用什么方法、开展什么活动来实现这些目标。在介绍方法时,你要特别说明这种方法的优越特性。你可以同时列举出其它相关的方法,并对它们进行比较,还可以引用专家的观点和其它失败或成功的案例,等等。总之,要充分说明你选择的方法是最科学、最有效、最经济的。同时,也要说明你的机构在采用这种方法时,也存在一定的风险与挑战。此外,还要提到为了执行这一解决方案,都需要那些条件与资源,包括:谁?在什么时候?使用什么样的设备?做什么样的事情?做这些事情的人要具备什么样的能力与技能等。最好能在附件中详细描述一下主要工作岗位的职务要求。
7、项目进程计划(时间表)
在这一部分中,要详细地描述出各项任务的先后顺序以及起始时间。可以用一个带有时间标记的图表来表示,这样,就可以一目了然地告诉读者“在什么时候做什么”,以及各项活动之间的关联与因果关系。
8、项目组织架构
在这一部分中,要描述为了达成上述目标,需要什么样的执行团队和管理结构。执行团队应包括所有项目组成员:志愿者、专家顾问、专职人员等。他们与这个项目相关的工作经验、专业背景、学历等也非常重要。执行团队的经验与能力 往往在很大程度上决定了项目的成败,所以,这也是资助方非常关心的问题。
另外,还要明确项目的管理结构。应该明晰地写出项目总负责人、财务负责人及其它各分项目的负责人。如果是两个或多个机构合作完成一个项目,还要说明各机构的分工。工作流程也要很清楚,要说明各项工作的先后顺序、逻辑关系等。
9、费用、预算与效益
这一部分所要提供的决不仅仅是一个费用预算表(当然,预算表也是很重要的,你可以把它放在附件中),而是要叙述和分析预算表中的各项数据、总成 本与各分成本,包括人员、设备的费用等。其中,人员经费类别可以包括工资、福利和咨询专家的费用;非人员经费类别可以包括差旅费、设备和通讯费等。如果已 经有了一部分资金来源,也要注明。而且,要很明显地写出你还需要总数为多少的经费上的支持。
上面提到的是投入,还有一个很重要的部分是产出的效益。
往往很多NGO在项目计划中不谈效益,错误地认为NGO的服务是不谈效益的。事实上,除国际上正在推行的NGO合理收费外,NGO服务的另一大特点是产生巨大的社会效益。尽管社会效益比较难量化,但你还是可以尽量找一些数据来分析一下社会效益,那怕只是估算也好。比如,一个戒毒人员的服务机构虽然为吸毒人员提供免费的服务,没有任何收入,但是,还是可以估算出通过服务于一个吸毒人员,可以减少哪些方面的社会问题,可以对吸
毒人员的医疗费用、失业、犯罪等相关费用进行估算。总之,你越明确地算出单位成本的投入可以产生的效益,就越能说明你的方法的优越性,也就越 能得到资助方的同意。另外,与项目相关的财务与审计方法也要在这部分中提到。
10、监控与评估
监控是项目实施过程中非常重要的部分,监控的执行机构与人员(可以是 理事会、资助方或其它第三方机构)、监控任务等都应该写在项目计划中。与之相关的还有项目团队的自我评估计划。项目进行中的评估报告比项目结束的评估还要 重要。在项目的不同阶段进行评估,可以使你及时地发现问题,尽早地解决。同时,可以使资助方得到一个信息,那就是你们不但提出了一个很好的计划,而且可以 很好地实现这个计划。请注意,项目的实施方法是资助方评判是否给予资助的一个非常重要的因素。
有两种可供参考的监控和评估方式。一种 是衡量结果,另一种是分析过程。其中一种或者两者都有可能适用于你的项目。你选择何种方式将取决于项目的性质和目标。无论选择何种方式,你都需要说明你准 备怎样收集评估信息和进行数据分析,以及在项目进行到哪些阶段时,进行阶段性的评估。评估活动及时间也应该包括在项目实施计划的时间表当中。无论是监控报告还是评估报告,都应该包括:项目的进展与完成情况、原定计划与现实状况的比较、预测未来实现计划的可能性等。除总体评估报告外,还要提供一些子评估报告。比如,项目中期的审计报告等。
11、附件
任何你认为重要的文件或篇幅太长而不适于放在正文中的文件,都可以被放在附件当中,比如:机构的介绍、年报、财务与审计报告、名单、数据、图表等。你也可以把那些在正文中会干扰读者或使他们的兴趣偏离主题的部分放到附件当中,但一定不要忘了在正文中标明:详细情况,请察看附件***。
总之,附件的目的是使正文紧凑、干净;同时,如果读者对某些问题的细节感兴趣的话,他还可以在附件中找到需要的内容。在把上面的所有部分都写完以后,现在,你可以回来写项目计划书的最开头部分——“概要”部分了。
概要一定是高度概括性的, 语言要简练、清晰,最好在半页左右,最长也不要超过一页。刚开始写概要时,你可能会认为哪一部分都很重要,都想放在概要部分中。没关系,如果你写了一个很 长的概要,你可以一点一点地把它缩短。不要怕,你最后留下的一定是最重要的。另外,如果希望把项目计划书递交给国际机构,把一个项目计划全部翻译成英文的 难度很大。这时,一个简单的处理办法就是只把概要和目录部分写成双语。
至此,一个完整、全面的项目计划书就宣告完成了。虽然这只是你开展筹款工作的第一步,但万事开头难,有了好的开始,就有希望取得好的结果。
附:项目计划书概要范例:
*封页:(日期、项目名称、公司名称及联系方式)
*目录
*项目概要(总论)
*项目背景: (问题、现状、数据)
*目标与产出:(针对“问题”的解决方案、进程划分、可量化的阶段性结果)
*项目受益方: (目标群体、数据、范围)
*项目实施计划: (需要的投入、必要的内外部资源、计划的执行程序)
*时间表: (每一阶段、每工作的开始和结束的时间)
*项目组织架构: (参与人员的责、权、工作流程)
*费用控制: (费用预算、财务规则、审计制度)
*监控与评估: (如何发现问题并及时纠错)
*附件:
文件
名单
预算清单
图表
荐流动红旗队2012年社会实践计划书 荐2012年大学生社会实践计划书 荐“2011年初中英语教研学期计划书”学校工作计划 荐“小学2012年学生暑假活动计划书”学校工作计划 荐“八年级德育计划书”学校工作计划
organization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published < > and < > League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the city's organizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the group's leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the league's leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department "on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the" Five "team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. "On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the" mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of <XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan "". To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt "arrangement menu" course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of <XX editing of young talent ", the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the "feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step" principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the city's young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance, study and implement the party's sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the city's cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around "11th Five-Year XX" the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the group's propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the "11th Five-Year" planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the "Three Represents" important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of "Three Represents" with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great significance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, inheriting and developing relationship between Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", to help young people establish and consciously practice Scientific Outlook on Development. Persist in learning, grasping the backbone, grasp the practice, grasp the opportunity. Catch club, effective way to g
展开阅读全文