初中英语非谓语动词.ppt

1.2.非非谓语动词什么是非什么是非谓语动词特殊特殊动词的搭配的搭配动词不定式与介不定式与介词to词组总结现在分在分词与与过去分去分词3.4.非非谓语动词:在句中不在句中不单独作独作谓语的的动词叫非叫非谓语动词。例例:He likes to read the novel.:He likes to read the novel.例：例：He enjoyed traveling around world.He enjoyed traveling around world.例：例：John made Tom go with him.John made Tom go with him.解析：解析：英英语的的单句中，可能有两个句中，可能有两个动词，动词2 2根据根据动词1 1的而的而变化。而我化。而我们看到的看到的动词2 2，及，及(to(to do,doing,donedo,doing,done等形式，就是非等形式，就是非谓语动词）5.单句中的动词1与动词2，动词1是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变化动词2根据动词1而变化例:He wanted to do thatI am enjoying seeing the filmLet us go!6.非非谓语动词的种的种类1.不定式 to do 有还没有做的含义.2.动名词doing 表示抽象的名词意义3.现在分词doing 表示主动或进行的意义.4.过去分词done 表示被动或完成的意义.7.8.9.v.to doV ving只加不带toto do,doing意思相同意思相同绝大部分动词是此形式详见第9篇Let/make sb dobegin/start/like to do,doing意思不同意思不同do或doing详见10-17篇see,watch,observe,notice等等详见18篇10.只加ving的词Avoid避免;consider考虑;delay拖延;deny否认;dislike不喜欢;enjoy欣赏;excuse原谅;fancy幻想;forgive原谅;finish完成;imagine设想;keep保持;mind介意;pardon原谅;prevent阻止;practise练习;resist坚持;risk冒险;suggest建议;understand理解-11.动名名词与不定式与不定式语义不同不同1.stop to do 2.forget to do3.remember to do 4.regret to do5.cease to do 6.try to do7.go on to do8.Be afraid to do 9.mean to do1.stop doing 2.forget doing3.remember doing 4.regret doing5.cease doing 6.try doing7.go on doing8.Be afraid doing 9.mean doing12.1)stop doing/to do stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他他们停下来，停下来，抽了根烟。抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必我必须戒烟了。戒烟了。典型例典型例题 She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.resting C.to restD.rest答案：答案：C。由。由题意可知，她到了山意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路，停下来在一个路边的大石的大石头上休息。因此，上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth.停下来停下来去做另一件事去做另一件事。而不。而不仅仅是爬山是爬山动作的作的终止，所以止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。不正确。13.2)forget doing/to doforget to do忘忘记要去做某事要去做某事。(未做未做)forget doing忘忘记做做过某事。某事。(已做已做)The light in the office is stil on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯公室的灯还在亮着，它忘在亮着，它忘记关了。关了。(没有做关灯的没有做关灯的动作作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘他忘记他已他已经关了灯了。关了灯了。(已做已做过关灯的关灯的动作作)典型例典型例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh，I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off答案：答案：C。由。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有作没有发生，因此用生，因此用forget to do sth.而而forget doing sth表示灯已表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘关上了，而自己忘记了了这一事一事实。此。此处不不符合符合题意。意。14.3)remember doing/to do remember to do 记得去做某事得去做某事(未做未做)remember doing记得做得做过某事某事(已做已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟着放学后去趟邮局。局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不你不记得以前得以前见过那个人那个人吗?15.4)regret doing/to do regret to do 对要做的事要做的事遗憾。憾。(未做未做)regret doing 对做做过的事的事遗憾、后悔。憾、后悔。(已做已做)I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很我很遗憾必憾必须这样去做，我去做，我实在没有在没有办法。法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不我不为告告诉她我的想法而后悔。她我的想法而后悔。典型例典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done答案：答案：D。regret having done sth.对已已发生的事感到生的事感到遗憾。憾。regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到将要做的事感到遗憾。本憾。本题为对已已说的的话感到后悔，因此感到后悔，因此选D。16.5)cease doing/to do cease to do 长时间，甚至永，甚至永远停做某事。停做某事。cease doing 短短时停止做某事，以后停止做某事，以后还会接着做。会接着做。That department has ceased to exist forever.那个部那个部门已不复存在。已不复存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘姑娘们在老在老师走走过时，停了会聊天。，停了会聊天。6)try doing/to do try to do努力，企努力，企图做某事做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我我试着种果木着种果木花卉，但未成功。花卉，但未成功。17.7)go on doing/to do go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。做完数学后，他接着去做物理。8)be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，上的原因不去做，意意为怕怕；be afraid of doing担心出担心出现doing的状况、的状况、结果。果。doing 是是客客观上造成的，意上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕生怕，恐怕”。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草草丛中再走一步。中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。她生怕吵醒她丈夫。18.9)mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想打算、想mean doing意味着意味着I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父我想去，但是我父亲不肯不肯让我去。我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工加工资意味着增加意味着增加购买力。力。19.感官感官动词+doing/to do 感官感官动词 see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+do 表示表示动作的完整性，真作的完整性，真实性；性；+doing 表示表示动作的作的连续性，性，进行性行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。他在花园里干活了。(强调我看我看见了了这个事个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我昨天我见他正在花园里干活。他正在花园里干活。（强调我我见他正干活他正干活这个个动作）作）典型例典型例题1）They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow 答案：答案：A。因。因题意意为，他，他们看着她看着她长大，因此大，因此强调的是成的是成长的的过程，而非正程，而非正 在在长的的动作，因此用作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playingC.playD.to play答案答案A.本本题强调其其动作，正在河作，正在河边玩，玩，应此用此用see sb.doing sth句型。句型。20.第三部分：第三部分：动词不定式与不定式与toto词组21.动词+to do动词+疑疑问词+to do 动词+it(形式形式宾语）+宾补+to do常常见动词有有 agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan，learn,would like,cant wait(迫迫不及待不及待)cant afford（负担不起）担不起）等等I dont know what to do.Can you tell me how to get there?I cant decide which to choose.I find it important to learn English.I think it necessary to drink the water.用法用法：作作宾语22.一些省略一些省略to的句型的句型（1）Why not+动词原形原形（2）Why dont you+动词原形原形（3）Youd better+动词原形原形（4）Youd better not+动词原形原形（5)Will you please+动词原形原形（6）Will you please not+动词原形原形（7）sb do nothing but（只是，只不（只是，只不过）例例:They didn nothing but complain 23.常常见固定搭配固定搭配1.too to doThe desk is too heavy to carry.2.be+adj+enough to doThe room is big enough for 10 people to live in.3.Its time to do sth 或Its time for sb to do sth.Its time to have a rest.4.It takes sb some time to do sth.It takes me three days to finish the job.5.be+adj（glad .sorry .sure.happy.afraid等表情感的形容词后）+to do sth.(1)Im sorry to trouble you.24.介介词+doing look forward to doing sth.（盼望）（盼望）pay attention to doing sth.（注意）（注意）be used to doing sth.（习惯于）于）prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜（更喜欢）devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于）make a contribution to doing（做（做贡献）献）25.26.分分词分分为现在分在分词和和过去分去分词。分分 词4区区别：现在分在分词表示主表示主动，过去分去分词表示被表示被动。如：。如：The man standing by the windows is our teacher.站在站在门边的人是我的人是我们的老的老师。The house built last year has become our lab.去年建的房子已成了我去年建的房子已成了我们的的实验室。室。127.现在分在分词表示正在表示正在进行的行的动作，作，过去分去分词表示完成表示完成的的动作。如：作。如：falling leaves 正在正在飘落的落的树叶叶fallen leaves 落叶（已落下）落叶（已落下）developing country 发展中国家展中国家developed country 发达国家达国家28.用括号中用括号中动词的适当形式填空的适当形式填空 _(fish)is my favourite sport.I often _(fish)for hours without _(catch)anything.But this doesnt worry me.Some of the fishermen_ (be)unlucky.Instead of _(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.I am even less lucky.I never catch anything not even old shoes.After_(spend)whole mornings on the river,I always go home with an empty bag,“You must give up_(fish)!”My friends say.“Its a waste of time.”But they dont know one important thing.Im not really interested in _(fish).Im only interested in _(sit)in a boat and_(do)nothing at all.课时训练 Fishing fish catching are catching spending fishing fishing sitting doing 29.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网: 主主语：常置于句末，而用：常置于句末，而用itit代替其做形式主代替其做形式主语。例：例：To go in for sportsTo go in for sports helps you stay fit.helps you stay fit.It helps you stay fit It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.to go in for sports.It is dangerous It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea to swim in the deep sea on your own.on your own.注：此句式中不定式注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主上的主语可由可由forfor或或ofof引出，引出，逻辑主主语由由ofof引出引出时，表，表语的形容的形容词为kindkind，nicenice，good good，politepolite，cleverclever，foolishfoolish，rightright，wrongwrong等等 表示性格品表示性格品质评价的形容价的形容词。例：例：Its right of him Its right of him to refuse the invitationto refuse the invitation.(him (him为逻辑主主语)点点击规律：律：动词不定式在句中作主不定式在句中作主语时，除了，除了直接作主直接作主语外，外，常放在：常放在：It is It is adjadj（形容（形容词）to do sthto do sth或或 It is It is n n（名（名词）to do sthto do sth句型中，句型中，it it仅作形式主作形式主语。返回返回30.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网: 动 词 宾 语 此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：例：would you like to see my photos?would you like to see my photos?Kevin planned to visit his uncle Kevin planned to visit his uncle类似用法的似用法的词还有：有：startstart，wantwant，agreeagree，hopehope，beginbegin，decidedecide agree agree，lovelove，like like，hate hate，preferprefer等。等。I found it very difficult to get a job.(itI found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式形式宾语)点点击规律：律：这些些动词后面除接不定式外，后面除接不定式外，还可以接可以接动名名词，意思，意思 区区别不大不大提示板：提示板：like doinglike doing指指经常性常性动作，而作，而like to dolike to do指一次性的指一次性的动作。作。I like swimming I like swimming，but I dont like to swim nowbut I dont like to swim now 我喜我喜欢游泳，但我游泳，但我现在不想游。在不想游。31.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网:stopstop，forgetforget，rememberremember，go on go on，trytry等等词或短或短语后面可以后面可以接不定式。接不定式。点点击规律：上述律：上述动词后面接不定式和接后面接不定式和接动名名词意思大不相同。意思大不相同。提示板：提示板：1 1）stop to do sthstop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop doing sthstop doing sth：停止正在做的事。：停止正在做的事。例句：例句：When the teacher came in When the teacher came in，the students stopped the students stopped talking talking；当老；当老师走走进来来时，学生，学生们停止停止说话；when he came out when he came out，the students stopped to talkthe students stopped to talk 当老当老师走出去走出去时，学生，学生们又开始又开始说话。32.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网: 2 2）思考：）思考：forgetforget，rememberremember，go ongo on，trytry等等词或短或短语后面接后面接不定式和不定式和动名名词用法有何区用法有何区别？点点击规律：在律：在findfindfeelfeelit itadjadjto do sthto do sth句型中，句型中，it it是是形式形式宾语，真正的，真正的宾语是后面的是后面的动词不定式。如：不定式。如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text I feel it easy to recite the text 点点击规律：某些律：某些动词或短或短语后面既可以接后面既可以接动词不定式作不定式作宾语，又可接又可接动名名词作作宾语，二者用法上的区，二者用法上的区别可以通可以通过造造 句子加以区分，如上句子加以区分，如上页的的stopstop例句。例句。返回返回33.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网:表表 语放在放在连系系动词bebe后面后面 例句：例句：His wish is to become a scientistHis wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the enviroment.Our duty is to protect the enviroment.The first important thing is to save theThe first important thing is to save the soldierslives soldierslives 当当务之急是之急是抢救救战士士们的生命。的生命。点点击规律：律：动词不定式在句中作表不定式在句中作表语时，通常，通常对连系系动词前面的名前面的名词进行行诠释说明。明。返回返回34.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网: 定定 语 动词不定式做定不定式做定语放在所修放在所修饰的名的名词 、代、代词的后面。的后面。例：例：He is the first person to sail around the world.He is the first person to sail around the world.I have a lot of work to do I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boyThe doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点点击规律：律：动词不定式若在句中作定不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修，常放在被修饰的名的名词、代代词之后。之后。提示板：如果提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修不定式和前面所修饰的的词构成构成动宾关系，关系，且且动词是不及物是不及物动词，切，切记不要忘掉后面的介不要忘掉后面的介词。如：。如：I have a small bedroom to live I have a small bedroom to live inin Have you got some pens to write Have you got some pens to write withwith？返回返回35.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网: 作作 状状 语 a a目的状目的状语：放在：放在gogo，comecome，useuse，livelive，in orderin order等等词后面后面.如：如：I come to see you I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to They brought in photos of their families for me to look at look at b b原因状原因状语：放在：放在sorrysorry，gladglad，surprisedsurprised，disappointeddisappointed，excited excited等等词后面。（后面。（有些有些资料上把料上把这类称称为不定式在不定式在表示心理、情感、表示心理、情感、评价等的形容价等的形容词后，后，对其其进行行补充充说明，明，作形容作形容词补足足语）如：）如：I am glad to see you here I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you I am sorry to trouble you c c作作结果状果状语。如：。如：Some of the apples are hard to reach Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 返回返回36.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网:宾语补足足语(1)(1)在多数复合在多数复合宾语及物及物动词后要后要带toto：telltell，askask，wantwant，orderorder，teachteach，inviteinvite，warnwarn，wishwish，helphelp，getget，wishwish，等，等词后面常接不定式作后面常接不定式作宾补。例：例：I Iaskedaskeda afriendfriendtotoreadreaditittotomeme I tell him not to go there by bus I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and writeEdisons mother taught him to read and write (2)(2)在表示感在表示感觉、致使等意、致使等意义的的动词(see(see，watchwatch，hearhear，feelfeel，makemake，letlet，havehave，observeobserve，noticenotice，helphelp等等)后后不不带toto 的不定式作的不定式作宾补。如：。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a dayThe boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next roomI heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若提示板：若变成成被被动语态，在上述，在上述结构中，构中，不定式符号不定式符号toto要加上要加上。如：如：They are made They are made toto work 16 hours a day by the bosswork 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard She was heard toto sing in the next roomsing in the next room 返回返回37.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网: “疑疑问词不定式不定式”用法用法 不定式前可不定式前可带whatwhat，whowho，whichwhich，wherewhere，whenwhen，how,how,whosewhose，等疑，等疑问词，这种不定式短种不定式短语在句中作在句中作宾语、宾语补足足语、主主语等。等。例：例：He didnt tell me where to go.(He didnt tell me where to go.(直直宾)I dont know what to say now.(I dont know what to say now.(宾语)I dont know what to do next I dont know what to do next（宾语）He taught us how to use the computer He taught us how to use the computer（宾语补足足语）Its still a question how to get there Its still a question how to get there（主（主语）在初中在初中阶段段还涉及到涉及到“不定式被不定式被动语态一般式一般式(to be+(to be+过去分去分词)”)”例：例：There are twenty more trees to be planted.There are twenty more trees to be planted.返回返回38.育英视频学习网育英视频学习网:根据句意，用括号内所根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。1Its time for us _（have）supper 2Would you like_（go）shopping with me？3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem 4He is old enough_（join）the army 5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister 6I am very glad_（meet）you here 7They prefer_（stay）at home rather than go out 8We saw them_（come）into the room just now 9What he said made me_（feel）sorry 10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news 11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains 12Have you got anything_（say）？）？13Have you decided which one_（choose）？）？14Do you know when_（start）？）？15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone to go 主主语to go 宾语to work 主主语to join 结果状果状语to have 形容形容词补足足语(原原)to meet 形容形容词补足足语(原原)to stay 宾语to come 宾补to feel 宾补to tell 宾语to spend 表表语to say 定定语to choose 定定语to start 不定式短不定式短语作作宾语to carry 结果状果状语39.