test-citrate-cycle.ppt

Klepnutm lze upravit styl pedlohy nadpis.,Klepnutm lze upravit styly pedlohy textu.,Druh rove,Tet rove,tvrt rove,Pt rove,*,Citrate Cycle(CC),-exercise-,Vladimra Kvasnicov,Citrate cycle is also called,citric acid cycle,tricarboxylic acid cycle,Krebs cycle,electron transport chain,Citrate cycle is also called,citric acid cycle,tricarboxylic acid cycle,Krebs cycle,electron transport chain,The figure is adopted from the book:Devlin,T.M.(editor):Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations,4th ed.WileyLiss,Inc.,NewYork,1997.ISBN0471154512,The figure is found at,www.sp.uconn.edu/bi107vc/images/mol/krebs_cycle.gif,(December 2006),simplification:,citric acid,(2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-,tricarboxylic,acid,),The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953 for his discovery of the citric acid cycle.,Hans Adolf Krebs,The figure is adopted from the book:Devlin,T.M.(editor):Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations,4th ed.WileyLiss,Inc.,NewYork,1997.ISBN0471154512,=the other metabolic pathway,Citrate cycle,is a catabolic pathway,participates in anabolic reactions,belongs among oxidative processes,produces carbon dioxide,Citrate cycle,is a catabolic pathway,participates in anabolic reactions,belongs among oxidative processes,produces carbon dioxide,The figure is found at,www.holon.se/folke/kurs/Distans/Ekofys/Recirk/Eng/regcyc5.jpg,(December 2006),The figure is found at,www.tcd.ie/Biochemistry/IUBMB-Nicholson/gif/13.html,Amphibolic nature,of thecitrate cycle,Enzymes of the citrate cycle,are found in all cells,are located in a mitochondrion,catalyze freely reverzible reactions,produce coenzymes which are regenerated in a respiratory chain,Enzymes of the citrate cycle,are found in all cells,are located in a mitochondrion,catalyze freely reverzible reactions,produce coenzymes which are regenerated in a respiratory chain,The figure is found at,www.metabolic-2006),strongly exergonic reactions,The substances enter the CC,acetyl,CoA,NAD,+,and FAD,carbon skeleton of amino acids,GDP,The substances enter the CC,acetyl,CoA,(,2 CO,2,),NAD,+,and FAD,(,NADH+H,+,+FADH,2,),carbon skeleton of amino acids,GDP,(,GTP),The figure is found at,www.elmhurst.edu/chm/vchembook/images/590metabolism.gif,(December 2006),Choose products of the cycle,pyruvate,acetyl-CoA,NADH,FADH,2,Choose products of the cycle,pyruvate,acetyl-CoA,NADH,(,electron transport chain),FADH,2,(,electron transport chain),The figure is found at,www.hupe.hu/szerv/tanszekek/kio/im/oktat/SEJTBIO/citratkor/citr_summa_e.html,(December 2006),Products of the citrate cycle,Energy released from oxidation of acetyl group in the CC is conserved in,GTP,ATP,NADH,FADH,2,Energy released from oxidation of acetyl group in the CC is conserved in,GTP,(succinyl,Co,succinate),ATP,(GTP+ADP,GDP+ATP),NADH,(3x),FADH,2,(1x),The figure is found at,lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/dhira/Metabolism/Respiration.html,(December 2006),NAD,+,is reduced to NADH+H,+,in the reactions of the CC,isocitrate,-ketoglutarate,-ketoglutarate,succinyl,CoA,succinate,fumarate,malate,oxaloacetate,NAD,+,is reduced to NADH+H,+,in the reactions of the CC,isocitrate,-ketoglutarate,-ketoglutarate,succinyl,CoA,succinate,fumarate,malate,oxaloacetate,The figure is found at,lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/dhira/Metabolism/Respiration.html,(December 2006),F“,F,umarate,and,F,ADH,2,Carbon dioxide(CO,2,)is produced in the reactions of the CC,oxaloacetate+acetyl,CoA,citrate,citrate,isocitrate,isocitrate,-ketoglutarate,-ketoglutarate,succinyl,CoA,Carbon dioxide(CO,2,)is produced in the reactions of the CC,oxaloacetate(C4)+acetyl,CoA(C2),citrate(C6),citrate(C6),isocitrate(C6),isocitrate,(C6),-ketoglutarate,(C5),-ketoglutarate,(C5),succinyl,CoA,(C4),!count number of carbons!,The figure is found at,lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/dhira/Metabolism/Respiration.html,(December 2006),Choose reactions that lead to,net synthesis,of CC intermediates,(=anaplerotic reactions),pyruvate,acetyl,CoA,(PDH),pyruvate,oxaloacetate,(pyruvate carboxylase),aspartate,oxaloacetate,(AST),glutamate,-ketoglutarate,(ALT),Choose reactions that lead to,net synthesis,of CC intermediates,(=anaplerotic reactions),pyruvate,acetyl,CoA,(PDH),pyruvate,oxaloacetate,(pyruvate carboxylase),aspartate,oxaloacetate,(AST),the reaction consumes 2-oxoglutarate(+1-1=0 net synthesis),glutamate,-ketoglutarate,(ALT),The figure is found at,web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/tca-cycle.html,(prosinec 2006),The figure is found at,www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk/illingworth/metabol/2120lec3.htm#krebs,(December 2006),pyruvate carboxylase,The most important anaplerotic reaction:,The substances can be synthesized from intermediates of the CC,amino acids,heme,glucose,fatty acids,The substances can be synthesized from intermediates of the CC,amino acids,heme,glucose,fatty acids,The figure is found at,www.tcd.ie/Biochemistry/IUBMB-Nicholson/gif/13.html,Citrate cycle,as a source of substrates used in a synthesis of other molecules,The enzymes regulate velocity of the CC,citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase,-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,hexokinase,The enzymes regulate velocity of the CC,citrate synthase,isocitrate dehydrogenase,-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase,hexokinase,The citrate cycle is inhibited by,ATP/ADP,NADH,NAD,+,NADH/NAD,+,AMP,The citrate cycle is inhibited by,ATP/ADP,NADH,NAD,+,NADH/NAD,+,AMP,Regulation of the citrate cycle,regulatory enzyme,activation,inhibition,citrate synthase,NADH/NAD,+,succinyl-CoA,isocitrate dehydrogenase,(key enzyme),ATP/ADP,NADH/NAD,+,ATP/ADP,2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase,Ca,2+,NADH/NAD,+,ATP/ADP,GTP,succinyl-CoA,=by availability of substrates and consumption of produts,Citrate,is formed from oxaloacetate and acetic acid,is transported to the cytoplasm if accumulates,acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis,activates synthesis of fatty acids,Citrate,is formed from oxaloacetate and acetic acid,is transported to the cytoplasm if accumulates,acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis,activates synthesis of fatty acids,energy excess,it is stored in a glycogen and fat,The figure is found at,www.metabolic-2006),ATP,The figure is adopted from the book:Devlin,T.M.(editor):Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations,4th ed.WileyLiss,Inc.,NewYork,1997.ISBN0471154512,see next presentation,