How-to-give-a-successful-oral-presentation.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,How to give a successful oral presentation,Diamond,April,8th,2009,2,Introduction,How often have you been listening to an oral,presentation that dealt with interesting science,while you had difficulty to pay attention till the,end?,How often did you lose your interest before the,speaker had even come halfway?,Was it because of the subject of the talk or was it,the way the speaker presented it?,3,The Attention Curve,Figure 1,Typical attention the audience,pays to an average presentation.,Figure 2,Ideal attention curve of an,audience when the speaker divides his talk in recognizable parts,each summarized by intermediate conclusions.,4,Why does an audience get distracted?,The speaker,lives in his own little world of research,he believes that all the background information needed to explain the meaning of his work is common knowledge.,The structure of the presentation is,unclear,and consequently the line of reasoning is hard to follow.,Visual aids(transparencies,幻灯片,)are,inadequate,confusing,unreadable,too small,too crowded,etc.,The speaker uses,long,complicated,sentences,and,unnecessary,difficult,words.,Even worse is when the speaker,reads,his speech from paper.,Monotonous,(,单调的,无变化的,),sentences,speak either too,fast,or too,slowly,lack of emphasis,unclear pronunciation,all make it difficult the audiences to follow.,5,How to organize your presentation,Figure 3,In an oral presentation you should group together what belongs,together.,6,In Ten Steps To a Successful Presentation,You should realize the key points in the preparation of a talk:,The message,:What do I want the audience to,know when I am finished?,The audience,:How do I present my talk such,that the audience will understand and remember,what I have to say?,7,Start in time,S,ubmit the abstract to the conference organizers,submit,T,hinking about how to organize the material,in a talk,accept,B,ackground/,r,elated work/,r,esults,/the most relevant conclusions,read,Try to imagine what type of audience you would have,audience,8,The Message,Try to capture the message of your presentation in a single sentence.,Example,“,I want to convince the audience that among a class of bimetallic catalysts the combination of Fe-Ir/SiO,2,shows the best catalytic performance for CO hydrogenation and that it works because the adsorption energy of carbon monoxide is efficiently diminished with respect to that on the single metals.”,9,Select Results and Order Them,S,elect,which results to include,in what,order,what basic,information is needed to,explain,these,results,and which,experimental details,are necessary and which are not.,Think about where to,discuss highlights,at the beginning?,Near the end?,The scientific background of your audience determines,how much you should explain,about experimental,methods,characterization techniques.,Hardly anyone minds to hear something he already,knows,as long as you explain it well in an entertaining,way.,Opening and Introduction,NOT,D,O,THIS,However,it is good to start with“Mister,Chairman,Ladies and Gentlemen ”,A,scientific question/catchy/conclusion,speak slowly/emphasis/the audience,Summarize the background of research,Example,11,Conclusions and Ending,Present your,conclusions in relation to the questions,you,raised in the Introduction.,Avoid,all,irrelevant,details.,When finished the conclusions,you may,acknowledge,people who helped you and the Funding Agencies.,Then you may end with a final sentence that,repeats,the message of your talk,.,“,Ladies and Gentlemen,I hope I have convinced you that XY/Support is a very,promising catalyst for converting methane into synthetic gasoline at room,temperature.”,Excellent figures have the highest impact,A good picture to be used in an oral presentation:,Easy to read,(large letter,(,字母,),good contrast),Explains itself,(clear title,preferably a conclusion too),Contains only,relevant information,Does,not contain jargon,(,行话）,or,difficult codes,Figure 4,Spreadsheets,(,数据表,),often produce unsatisfactory figures,particularly with respect to labeling.,Not Recommended,Tables with numbers,theoretical formulas,mathematical derivations,13,Figure 5,Be careful with colors and backgrounds on overhead sheets,slides and posters.,Visual Aids:Overhead Transparencies,Slides,or Computer Projection?,14,Communication in stead of performing,Your presentation will be most effective if you use the,same,everyday language,in which you explain things to a,fellow student in the lab.,Think about oral presentations in terms of,communication,and do not see it as the performance of a literary play.,There is absolutely no need to use a more,formal language,.,Do not try to impress the audience with,fancy words,formal constructions,subject-specific jargon,(,行,话,),or,unnecessary,abbreviations,（缩写）,.,15,Timing:Absolutely Necessary,Question:,Does everything you prepared fit within the available,time?,Take your stopwatch and go.,W,rite the first part out in clear,short,sentences.,C,ut down,the material,unnecessary.,S,kip a few less,important items in the middle of your talk.,Method:,16,Are You Nervous?Hopefully you are!,Only very few of us have been born as a talented,speaker.,Experience is something that will come in time,by practicing and by analyzing your presentations,and those by others.,Lack of experience is not important,if,you prepare,your presentation well and you do your best to,avoid the obvious mistakes.,17,Conclusions,Finally,the ten steps we discussed all go back to two basic principles:,First,what is the message I want to,convey.,Second,how does the audience,understand this,message best.,develop your own presentation style,but try to avoid commonly made mistakes,18,Questions?,Thank you!,