中央空调设计培训.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中央空调设计培训,*,中央空调设计培训,2026/11/9,中央空调设计培训,家用分体空调：设备+简单的安装,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,商用空调系统的组成,1.空气处理设备,（空调厂家提供，正确选型）,2.冷源和热源,（空调厂家提供，正确选型）,3.空调的风系统,（设计和施工）,4.空调的水系统,（设计和施工）,5.空调的氟系统,（设计和施工）,6.空调控制系统,（设计和施工）,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,商用空调系统的组成,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,商用空调项目方案设计,方案设计,项目方案设计的步骤：,一.空调设备的选型（冷负荷计算）,二.空调水系统（冷冻水、冷却水、冷凝水）的设计,三.冷媒系统（多联机组氟系统管路）的设计,四.空调风系统的设计,五.空调电气和控制系统设计,六.完整的施工图纸,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,1.冷负荷概算指标,用于在空调项目方案设计和初步设计阶段，粗略估算空调房间的冷、热负荷，初步确定空调室内末端设备、空调冷水机组、空调水管和风管等的尺寸，进而确定空调机房和冷冻机房的大小等。同时作为投资方进行投资概算的基础。,概算指标,空调面积,房间冷量,空调末端,空调主机,附属配件,主要管道,投资概算,工种配合,一.空调冷负荷计算,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,2.冷负荷计算,施工图设计阶段的详细精确计算,常用的适合手工计算的简化算法：谐波反应法，冷负荷系数法,围护结构的不稳定传热,经玻璃窗的温差传热,经玻璃窗的日射得热量,室内发热设备散热,人体的散热,瞬间得热量,围护结构、家具等,传递给室内空气,辐射,对流,潜热,新风冷负荷,风机、水泵等的温升,风管、水泵的传热,冷负荷的形成：,室内瞬时冷负荷,逐时冷负荷,（最大值）室内冷负荷,空调系统的冷负荷,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,冷负荷系数法,：,2.1.通过窗、外墙和屋面的不稳定传热,Q=KF（t,w,-t,n,),Q-:通过结构传入室内的热量，W,K-:结构的传热系数（W/m,2,）,F-:结构的传热面积，m,2,t,w,-:室外空气温度，,t,n,-:室内空气温度，,冷负荷计算,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,考虑到不同地区的修正,Q=KF(t,lf,+t,d,)-t,n,t,d,-:不同地区冷负荷计算温度的修正系数，,冷负荷计算,考虑到室外温度变化的因素,Q=KF（t,lf,-t,n,),t,lf,-:室外冷负荷计算温度，,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,冷负荷计算,方案设计,外墙（中等热容）冷负荷计算温度t,lf,，,朝向,南,西南,西,西北,北,东北,东,东南,0,36.1,38.2,38.5,36.0,33.1,36.2,38.5,38.1,1,36.2,38.5,38.9,36.3,33.2,36.1,38.4,38.1,2,36.2,38.6,39.1,36.5,33.2,36.0,38.2,37.9,3,36.1,38.6,39.2,36.5,33.2,35.8,38.0,37.7,4,35.9,38.4,39.1,36.5,33.1,35.6,37.6,37.4,5,35.6,38.2,38.9,36.3,33.0,35.3,37.3,37.0,6,35.3,37.9,38.6,36.1,32.8,35.0,36.9,36.6,7,35.0,37.5,38.2,35.8,32.6,34.7,36.4,36.2,8,34.6,37.1,37.8,35.4,32.3,34.3,36.0,35.8,9,34.2,36.6,37.3,35.1,32.1,33.9,35.5,35.3,10,33.9,36.1,36.8,34.7,31.8,33.6,35.2,34.9,11,33.5,35.7,36.3,34.3,31.6,33.5,35.0,34.6,12,33.2,35.2,35.9,33.9,31.4,33.5,35.0,34.5,13,32.9,34.9,35.5,33.6,31.3,33.7,35.2,34.6,14,32.8,34.6,35.2,33.4,31.2,33.9,35.6,34.8,15,32.9,34.4,34.9,33.2,31.2,34.3,36.1,35.2,时间,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,冷负荷计算,方案设计,外墙（中等热容）冷负荷计算温度t,lf,，,朝向,南,西南,西,西北,北,东北,东,东南,16,33.1,34.3,34.8,33.2,31.3,34.6,36.6,35.7,17,33.4,34.4,34.8,33.2,31.4,34.9,37.1,36.2,18,33.9,34.7,34.9,33.3,31.6,35.2,37.5,36.7,19,34.4,35.2,35.3,33.5,31.8,35.4,37.9,37.2,20,34.9,35.8,35.8,33.96,32.1,35.7,38.2,37.5,21,35.3,36.5,36.5,34.4,32.4,35.9,38.4,37.8,22,35.7,37.2,37.3,35.0,32.6,36.1,38.5,38.0,23,36.0,37.7,38.0,35.5,32.9,36.2,38.6,38.1,时间,续表,屋顶（中等热容）冷负荷计算温度t,lf,，,时间,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,t,lf,47.2,46.4,45.4,44.3,43.1,41.8,40.6,39.3,38.1,37.0,36.1,35.6,时间,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,t,lf,35.6,36.0,37.0,38.4,40.1,41.9,43.7,45.4,46.7,47.5,47.8,47.7,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,编号,城市,南,西南,西,西北,北,东北,东,东南,水平,1,北京,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,2,天津,-0.4,-0.3,-0.1,-0.1,-0.2,-0.3,-0.1,-0.3,0.5,3,石家庄,0.5,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.0,0.9,0.8,0.6,0.4,4,太原,-3.3,-3.0,-2.7,-2.7,-2.8,-2.8,-2.7,-3.0,-2.8,5,郑州,0.8,0.9,1.3,1.8,2.1,1.6,1.3,0.9,0.7,6,沈阳,-1.4,-1.7,-1.9,-1.9,-1.6,-2.0,-1.9,-1.7,-2.7,7,济南,1.6,1.9,2.2,2.4,2.3,2.3,2.2,1.9,2.2,8,南京,1.0,1.5,2.1,2.7,2.7,2.5,2.1,1.5,2.0,9,合肥,1.0,1.7,2.5,3.0,2.8,2.8,2.4,1.7,2.7,10,昆明,-8.5,-7.8,-6.7,-5.5,-5.2,-5.7,-6.7,-7.8,-7.2,10,西安,0.5,0.5,0.9,1.5,1.8,1.4,0.9,0.5,0.4,11,兰州,-4.8,-4.4,-4.0,-3.8,-3.9,-4.0,-4.0,-4.4,-4.0,12,西宁,-9.6,-8.9,-8.4,-8.5,-8.9,-8.6,-8.4,-8.9,-7.9,13,乌鲁木齐,0.7,0.5,0.2,-0.3,-0.4,-0.4,0.2,0.5,0.1,不同地区冷负荷计算温度的修正系数t,d,，,方案设计,冷负荷计算,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,二.设备的选型,在已知空调房间的冷（热）负荷的基础上，进而确定消除室内余热和余湿及维持室内空气设计状态的送风状态和送风量，最后选空调末端和主机设备。,三.冷媒系统管径的确定,1.分歧管与分歧管间配管尺寸按下游室内机的容量确定,室内机容量（Q）,气管,液管,Q 90,15.9,9.52,90 Q 160,19.05,12.7,160 Q 220,25.4,12.7,220 Q 320,28.6,12.7,320 Q 450,34.9,15.9,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,2.Y型分歧管的选配,分歧管类型,下游室内机容量,型号,Y型分歧管 （2分歧）,X150,FQ01,150X 300,FQ02,300X 700,FQ03,700X 1350,FQ04,Y型分歧管,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,3.分歧管到室内机的配管尺寸同室内机配管尺寸,室内机能力,气管,液管,X25,9.52,6.35,25X36,12.7,6.35,36X50,12.7,9.52,50X80,15.9,9.52,80X140,19.05,12.7,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,相应于制冷量的冷冻水流量,Q=,W860,5000,Q：冷冻水流量(m,3,/h),W：空调设备的制冷量(KW),四.水系统管径的确定,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,水系统中水流速的推荐值：,管径,mm,15,20,25,32,40,50,65,80,闭式系统,0.4-0.5,0.50.6,0.60.7,0.70.9,0.81.0,0.91.2,1.11.4,1.21.6,开式系统,0.30.4,0.40.5,0.50.6,0.60.8,0.70.9,0.81.0,0.91.2,1.11.4,管径,mm,100,125,150,200,250,300,350,400,闭式系统,1.31.8,1.52.0,1.62.2,1.82.5,1.82.6,1.92.9,1.62.5,1.82.6,开式系统,1.21.6,1.41.8,1.52.0,1.62.3,1.72.4,1.72.4,1.62.1,1.82.3,按以上表中的流速，通过试算来确定相应的管径,经济流速:,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,简易方法：查表确定冷冻水管径,管径,mm,20,25,32,40,50,65,in,3/4,1,1-1/4,1-1/2,2,2-1/2,制冷量(KW),5.5,5.5-10.0,10.0-30.0,30.0-40.0,40.0-65.0,65.0-120.0,流量(m,3,/h),0.5-1.0,1.0-2.0,3.0-4.0,5.0-6.0,7.0-10.0,11.0-18.0,参照流速(m/s),0.6,0.7,0.8,1.0,1.1,1.2,管径,mm,80,100,125,150,200,250,in,3,4,5,6,8,10,制冷量(KW),120-210,210-410,410-750,750-1200,1200-2500,2035-3250,流量(m,3,/h),19-32,33-65,66-115,116-185,186-350,350-560,参照流速(m/s),1.4,1.6,1.9,2.0,2.0,2.6,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,水系统阻力的,确定,1.沿程阻力：,H,f,=,v,2,2g,L,d,=RL,流速,M/s,管道的公称直径DN（mm）R,1,R,2,:每米长管道的阻力Pa/m,20,25,32,40,50,65,80,100,0.4,R,1,163,111,82,68,49,36,28,22,R,2,209,150,102,85,60,43,34,26,0.5,R,1,248,180,125,104,75,54,43,33,R,2,323,231,158,131,93,67,53,40,0.6,R,1,351,255,176,147,106,77,61,47,R,2,460,330,225,187,132,95,76,57,0.7,R,1,471,343,237,198,142,103,82,63,R,2,622,446,304,253,179,129,102,78,0.8,R,1,609,443,306,256,183,133,106,81,R,2,808,580,395,328,233,167,133,101,闭式系统用,R,1,值,，,开式系统用,R,2,值,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,2.局部阻力：,H,d,=,v,2,2g,名称,形式,截止阀,普通型,4.3-6.1,闸阀,DN20-DN50,0.5,DN80,0.4,普通弯头,90度,0.3,45度,0.15,三通,3.0,1.8,1.5,：局部阻力系数,由计算的阻力，进行系统水力平衡校核、确定水泵扬程,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,冷凝水管径的简易确定方法：,空调设备冷量KW,7,7.1-17.6,17.7-100,101-176,177-589,599-1055,冷凝水管径mm,DN20,DN25,DN32,DN40,DN50,DN80,注意：,1.做冷凝水主管时应考虑脏堵问题，最小不小于DN32,2.应合理考虑坡度，从设备接出的之管保证0.01，,主管保证0.005,3.尽量减少冷凝水排放长度,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,空气管道推荐风速,四.风管系统管径确定,管道部位,住宅,公共建筑,工厂,主风道,3.5-4.5,5.0-6.5,6.0-9.0,支风道,3.0,3.0-4.5,4.0-5.0,支管接出的风道,2.5,3.0-3.5,4.0,a,b,Q=S.v=a.b.v,Q:风管中通过的空气流量m,3,/h,V:风管空气的流速m/s,S:风管的截面积m/s,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,钢板矩形风管的规格,风管尺寸（mm),边长允许偏差（mm),壁厚（mm),100100,-2,0.5,120120,-2,0.5,160120,-2,0.5,200120,-2,0.5,250120,-2,0.75,320160,-2,0.75,400200,-2,0.75,500200,-2,0.75,630250,-2,1.0,800320,-2,1.0,1000320,-2,1.0,1250400,-2,1.2,1600500,-2,1.2,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,方案设计,风管阻力的计算,流速,M/s,上行：风量（m,3,/h),风管断面尺寸（mm）下行:每米长管道的阻力（Pa/m）,120 120,160 120,250 120,320 160,400 200,500 200,630 250,800 320,2.0,100,134,209,360,565,707,1115,1819,0.61,0.51,0.41,0.29,0.22,0.20,0.15,0.11,3.0,150,201,314,540,848,1061,1673,2729,1.27,1.07,0.87,0.61,0.46,0.42,0.32,0.24,3.5,175,235,366,630,989,1238,1951,3183,1.68,1.42,1.15,0.81,0.61,0.56,0.43,0.32,4.0,201,268,419,720,1130,1415,2230,3638,2.15,1.81,1.47,1.04,0.79,0.72,0.55,0.40,4.5,226,302,471,810,1272,1292,2509,4093,2.67,2.25,1.83,1.29,0.98,0.90,0.68,0.50,钢板矩形风管阻力计算表（部分）,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,2008年度中央空调培训,中央空调设计培训,演讲完毕，谢谢听讲,!,再见，see you again,2026/11/9,中央空调设计培训,