医学英语汉译英.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。,1,.adj.+n.,2,.in+abstract noun,3,.one stem,and two branches,4,.adjectives used to express degree,5,.“a set of adjectives+the same noun”,6,.predicate adjective+prep.,Useful structures in Translation,7,.of phrase,8,.on a basis,9,.n.+infinite,10,.n+be+infinite,11,.The morethe more(less),12,.participle phrase,adj.+n,.,“,发病率高”（,n.+adj.,）,“,high incidence”,（,adj.+n,.,）,e.g.,伤口血肿差不多都是由,止血不完善,所致。,Wound hematoma is almost always caused by,imperfect,hemostasis,.,如果婴儿的饮食中维生素D,含量不足,就会引起佝偻病。,Rickets will result if there is an,insufficient amount,of vitamin D in the diet of an infant.,我们的研究显示20例这类儿童中有8例,神经系统预后不良,。,Our study reported that 8 of 20 such children had,poor neurological outcomes,.,口臭可由,口腔卫生不好,和脓溢或者由扁桃体、腺样组织以及鼻腔黏膜的慢性感染而引起。,An odorous breath may result from,improper oral hygiene,and pyorrhea or from chronic infection of the tonsils,adenoid or nasal mucosa.,血气恶化,可能表示,心血管功能下降,，而不是肺疾病的恶化。,Deteriorating blood gases,may indicate,decreasing cardiovascular function,rather than a progression of the pulmonary disease.,例1：这些药物的成分是不同的,The composition of these pills are different,These pills are different in composition,例2：白细胞的数量比红细胞少得多，数量之比约为1：600,The white cells are much fewer,in number,than the red cells,about one to 600.,2.in+abstract noun,例3：无论是酸性、碱性还是中性，多数药物主要是从小肠吸收的。,Most drugs,whether acidic,basic,or neutral,in character,are absorbed mainly from the small intestine.,例4：人眼的结构和功用很像一个照相机。,The eye is much like a camera,in structure and action,.,每条染色体上的基因成对地排列，有严格的次序，每一个基因占据特定的位置（又称基因座）。,The genes on each chromosome are arranged,in pairs,and,in strict order,with each gene occupying a specific location or locus.,3.One stem,and two branches,以名词为中心词，后面跟两个介词短语。第一个介词往往时of，第二个是其他介词，两个介词短语都修饰中心名词，综合起来构成一个复杂的概念。写作中运用这种结构，可以使得句子语言简洁，突出概念，言简意赅。,例1：,感染物吸入到肺,是肺脓肿的最常见病因。,Aspiration of infectious material into the lung is the most common cause of lung abscess.,例2：像呕吐一样，,腹泻也是,身体防止中毒的,一种,自然,保护作用,。,Like vomiting,diarrhea is a natural protection of the body against poisoning.,例3：,将小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中）,能引起其体内粒细胞总数,增加,，包括粒细胞的祖代细胞和循环中的粒细胞。,Short-term,exposure of,mice,to,benzene led to an,increase,in the total number of granulocyte,including progenitor cells and circulating granulocytes.,例4：治疗无排卵子宫出血的首要目标应是将增生型的子宫内膜转化为分泌型的子宫内膜。,The treatment of anovulatory bleeding should have as its first aim,the transformation of,proliferative(endometrium),into,secretory endometrium.,有时，名词后面可有三个介词短语。,这种损伤导致体液从血液向组织渗漏。,Such damage results in,the leakage of,fluid,from,the blood,into,the tissues.,第二个短语也可以是不定式短语肾小管对这些物质的吸收能力不是无限的。,The capacity of,the tubules,to absorb,these substances is not unlimited.,The body need nutrition.,The need of body for nutrition,4.Adjectives used to express degree,尿中出现可以检测到的（,一定,量的）葡萄糖称为糖尿。,The presence of,appreciable,amounts of glucose in the urine is known as glycosuria.,血液中出现了尿酸的,明显,增多。,There has been an,appreciable,increase of uric acid in the blood.,Appreciable,Considerable,Marked,Significant,appreciable/considerable/marked/significant increase,这种药（依地酸钙钠）对急性和慢性铅中毒是有效的，它可引起明显增加的尿铅排出。,The drug(sodium calcium edetate)is effective in acute and chronic lead poisoning;it produces a,marked,increase in the urinary excretion of lead.,骨盆检查显示外阴有,明显的炎症,。,Pelvic examination shows that there is,considerable,inflammation of the vulva.,AD患者血浆中P物质浓度相对于对照组有显著增加(P0.01);,Patients with AD had,significant,increase in plasma level of Substance P compared with controls(P0.01).,如果血液被,过多,摄入的液体所稀释，尿的排出就会增加。,If the blood is diluted by an,excessive,intake of fluids the output of urine is increased.,普萘洛尔,确实有效,，它可较大程度地增加很多患者的运动耐受性。,Propranolol,does,have a,demonstrable effect,and in many patients it will increase exercise tolerance considerably.,demonstrable,先天畸形可引起,相当,比例的婴儿死亡。,Congenital abnormalities cause a,fair,proportion of infant deaths.,fair,这种有,轻微,麻醉作用的药物在腹部手术中是有价值的。,The drug is of value,with,light,anesthesia,in obtaining greater relation in abdominal surgery.,light,大出血必须及时加以控制，否则就需进行手术。,Massive bleeding,must be brought under control immediately,otherwise an operation is indicated.,Massive,当你剧烈运动时，体内产生废物，这些物质对于神经系统具有轻度的毒性。,When you exercise vigorously,waste products which act as,mild,poisons to the nervous system are formed.,mild(slight),除了主动脉反流，如果还存在有一定程度的主动脉狭窄，通常会出现（左心室）中度扩张。,If considerable aortic stenosis exists along with regurgitation,moderate,enlargement is the rule.,moderate,普萘洛尔在降低动脉血压上也有适当的作用。,Propranolol also has a,modest,effect in reducing arterial blood pressure.,Modest,这些事实几乎结论性地表明吸烟习惯与随后发生的冠状动脉疾病之间的紧密联系。,These almost conclusively indicate a,strong,association between the habit of cigarette smoking and the subsequent development of coronary artery disease.,Strong,5,.“a set of adjectives+the same noun”to differentiate various degrees.,a small(limited)number of,a certain number of,a large number of,an enormous(vast)number of,A number of,少数,有一些,很多,极多,Minimum amount of,an insufficient amount of,Minor(small)amounts of,appreciable amounts of,vast amounts of,a very large amount of,A(an)amount of/amounts of,最低量,不足量的,少量,一定数量,大量,超大量的,Of importance,没什么重要,of little(no)importance,不太重要,of minor importance,十分重要,of major importance,极其重要,of essential(fundamental/great)importance,格外重要,of particular importance,至关重要,of vital importance,最为重要,of first(prime/primary/utmost/paramount)importance,有深远意义,of profound importance,有治疗意义,of therapeutic importance,压倒一切的重要意义,of overriding importance,Of value,作用不大,of little value,极大的价值,of great(most/considerable)value,有无价值，是有争议的,of debatable value,e.g.患风湿热时经常发生的这些临床特征，具有,很小的,诊断价值。,These clinical features frequently occurring in rheumatic fever are of,minor,diagnostic value.,At intervals 交替，间隔,有规律地交替出现,at regular intervals,例：疟疾是一种慢性、复发性的感染，,以规律交替,出现寒战和高热为其特征。,Malaria is a chronic,relapsing infection characterized by chills and high fever,at regular intervals,.,例：每4小时重复一次,At 4 hour intervals/at intervals of 4 hours,Pay attention to,应有的注意,相当地注意,充分关注,非常重视,密切注意,Particular attention must be given to,pay due attention to,pay considerable attention to,pay adequate attention to,pay great attention to,pay close attention to,6.predicate adjective+prep.,adj.+for,be available for,有效的,例：人工自动免疫对白喉、麻疹、腮腺炎、脊髓灰质炎、狂犬病、落基山斑疹热、猩红热、破伤风、伤寒和百日咳等疾病均,有效,。,Artificial active immunization,is available for,diphtheria,measles,mumps,poliomyelitis,rabies,Rocky Mountain spotted fever,scarlet fever,tetanus,typhoid fever,and whooping cough.,be critical for,be effective for,be suitable for,adj.+in,be deficient in 缺乏的,例：因为机体主要,缺乏,水和电解质，而不是缺血或血浆，所以补液主要以盐水溶液为主。,Since the body,is deficient chiefly in,water and electrolytes,rather than blood or plasma,fluid replacement should consist mainly of saline solutions.be inadequate in 不足的,adj.+of,be characteristic of 以为特征,be conscious of 意识到,be devoid of 不受影响,例：没有副作用,be devoid of side effects,be devoid of side effects,be independent of 不受影响或支配,be ignorant of 不清楚,be indicative of 是的预兆,be suggestive of 提示,例：一般说来，以干燥性鳞屑红斑类型为表现的手癣提示红色毛癣菌感染。,Generally tinea manum of dry scaly and erythematous type,is suggestive of,Trichophyton rubrum,infection.,adj.+to,be central to 成为的中心环节,be detrimental to 对有害,be deleterious to 对有害,be vulnerable to 易受的损伤,be susceptible to,易受到损伤的，易发病的,例：本研究指出，抑郁者更易心脏病发作。,Our study has indicated that people with depression,are more susceptible to,heart attacks.,adj.+with,be compatible with 与相符合,be contiguous with 与接触，与相连,be isotonic with 与等渗的,be synchronous with 与一致（同步）的,例：该婴儿的临床表现与宫内感染是相符合的。,This infants clinical picture,is compatible with,an intrauterine infection.,例：子宫的杂音与母体的脉搏是一致的。,The uterine souffl,is synchronous with,the maternal pulse.,7.Of phrase,Used at the beginning of sentences as adverbial modifier,indicating range or scope.,在研究的全部手术病例中，40是,Of the total operations studied,40 percent were,在入院的64例患者中，35人接受了手术治疗，29人接受了药物治疗。,Of the 64 patients admitted,35 were treated surgically and 29 medically.,(Of短语也可以用在后面),有64例患者住进我们医院，其中35人接受了手术治疗，其余29人接受了药物治疗。,Sixty-four cases were admitted to our hospital,of whom,35 were treated surgically and the remaining 29 medically.,8.On a basis,此短语的功能相当于形容词或名词的副词形式所起的状语作用。,on a regular basis=regularly,on a moment-to-moment basisfrom moment to moment,必须对患者进行仔细的体格检查并且定期复查。,A meticulous physical examination must be performed and repeated,on a regular basis,.,对患者进行逐个分析时，病损大小在10mm及以上者（总数为63），其空气对比钡剂灌肠敏感度为48，CT结肠造影为59，结肠镜检率为98。,When analyzed,on a per-patient basis,for lesions 10mm or larger in size(n=63),the,sensitivity,of air contrast barium enema(ACBE)was 48%,computed tomographic colonography(CTC)59%,and colonoscopy 98%.,视个体情况而定,on an individual basis=individually,频繁地,on a frequent basis=frequently,实验性质地,on a experimental basis=experimentally,世界范围内地,on a world basis=worldwide,长期地，永远地,on a permanent basis=permanently,不定时偶尔的,on a time-contingent basis=time-contingently,每天地,on a daily basis=daily,9.n+infinite,名词的后置定语多用介词短语，分词短语或定语从句。但有时不定式也可以，主要限于一些抽象名词。,激光影像镜检最突出的一点是能使手术操作创伤性小而又省钱。,The most remarkable thing about videolaseroscopy is its,potential to,make the procedures less invasive and costly.,手术消毒所需的时间取决于被消毒物品的性质。,The time,of operation,to achieve sterility,depends on the nature of the material being sterilized.,10.n+be+infinite,40岁以上的患者近期开始出现消化不良的症状时，首先应排除的是胃癌。,When confronted with dyspeptic symptoms of recent origin in a patient over 40 years the first,necessity is to exclude,gastric cancer.,11.The morethe more(less),胎膜破裂的时间越长，宫内感染发生的可能性就越大。,The longer the membranes are ruptured,the greater the likelihood of intrauterine infection(is).,12.participle phrase,写作中句子语言结构的变化还表现在对分词短语的运用上，其定语和状语功能都有助于我们提升句子的结构和紧密性。,分词短语位于句首,：对句中的谓语起状语作用，表示时间或原因。,该研究的作者们在3月24日出版的科学杂志中报道说，这种方法可能能够消灭感染人卵巢癌细胞的小鼠的肿瘤。,Reporting in the March 24 issue of,Science,the studys authors say the approach appeared to kill off tumors in mice infected with human ovarian cancer cells.,分词短语位于句末,：起方式伴随状语的作用，也可表示结果（分词前加thus等词）,发病率,增加,的最值得注意的具体例子是妇女肺癌发病率，平均每年,增加,9吸烟的直接结果。,The most significant specific,increase,was lung cancer in women,averaging 9 per year a direct result of cigarette smoking.,急诊超声心动图检查可迅速诊断心包积液，从而避免盲目进行心包穿刺。,Emergency echocardiography can rapidly identify pericardial effusions,thus avoiding the need for blind pericardiocentesis,.,分词独立结构：,分词前面有名词做为逻辑上的主语（非语法上的主语），构成分词独立结构，对句子谓语起方式伴随作用。,为缓解神经痛的症状而进行的治疗有时疗效极小，许多病例对采取的各种措施都无反应。,Treatment for relief of symptoms of neuralgia is sometimes of little use,many cases proving refractory to all measures,.,放射性被发现后，我们在医学方面取得很大进展。,Radioactivity discovered,we made great progress in medicine.,The End,