外研英语必修BMGreatPeopleandGreatInventions知识点汇总.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,共 122 页,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,共 122 页,*,外研英语必修BMGreatPeopleandGreatInventions知识点汇总,共 122 页,2,基础自主回顾,.,课标单词,1,_,秩序,(n.),2,_,原则；准则,(n.),3,_,职位,(n.),4,_,强调,(vt.),5,_,辞职,(vi.),order,principle,position,stress,resign,共 122 页,3,6,_,有影响的,(adj.),7,_,公正,(n.),8,_,燃料,(n.),9,_,状况；条件；环境,(n.),10,_,平等的,(adj.)_,平等,(n.),11,_,哲学家,(n.),_ _ _,哲学,(n.),influential,justice,fuel,condition,equal,equality,philosopher,philosophy,共 122 页,4,12,_,顾问,(n.)_,建议,(v.)_(n.),13,_,诚实,(n.)_(adj.),14,_,贡献,(n.)_,贡献；捐献；投稿,(v.),15,_,发明,(vt.)_(n.)_,发明家,(n.),16,_,争论；辩论；议论,(n.)_(v.),adviser,advise,advice,honesty,honest,contribution,contribute,invent,invention,inventor,argument,argue,共 122 页,5,.,常用短语,1,_,与,交战,2,_,为,自豪,3,_,责任感,4,_,首次；第一次,5,_,与,不同,be at war with,be proud of/take pride in,a sense of responsibility,for the first time,be different from,共 122 页,6,6,_,养育；抚养；呕吐,7,_,总之,8,_,与,相似,9,_,照顾,10,_,叫醒,bring up,in conclusion,be similar to,look after,wake up,共 122 页,7,.,重点句型,1,Treat others _ you want to be treated.,己所不欲，勿施于人。,答案：,in the way,2,Ancient China was _ states were often _ each other.,古代中国是一个国与国之间经常发生战争的地方。,答案：,a place where;at war with,共 122 页,8,3,Mencius believed that _ man is different from animals _ man is good.,孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。,答案：,the reason why;is that,4,_ you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.,据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。,答案：,They say that,共 122 页,9,.,模块语法,1,A computer is so useful a machine _ we can use everywhere.,A.that,B.which,C.as D.what,答案与解析：,C,本题考查定语从句。由句意：计算机是我们随处可用的一种有用的机器。由句中,so,adj.,a,n.,知先行词被,so,修饰，定语从句中又缺少宾语，故选,C,。要注意与,so.that,句型的区别。,共 122 页,10,2,Albert Einstein,for _ life had once been very hard,was successful later in science.,A.whom B.whose,C.which D.his,答案与解析：,A,本题考查介词提前的定语从句。,Einstein,为先行词，故选,A,。,共 122 页,11,3,Our teacher is always busy preparing lessons until 11 oclock at night,_ we students have gone to sleep.,A.that time B.by which time,C.by that time D.which time,答案与解析：,B,本题考查定语从句。由句中,.until 11 oclock at night,知先行词为表时间的词，又据句后,.have gone to sleep,知应选,B,，,“,在,之前,”,。,共 122 页,12,4,The river,_ the banks are covered with trees,is very long.,A.whose B.which,C.of which D.which of,答案与解析：,C,本题考查定语从句。,whose banks,of which the banks,the banks of which,。,共 122 页,13,5,We can never forget the days _ the two astronauts in spaceship worked together and the days _ we spent together.,A.when;which B.which;when,C.what;that D.on which;when,答案与解析：,A,本题考查定语从句关系词的应用。尽管两空前都是,the days,，但分析句子成分知第一空填关系副词，作不及物动词,work,的时间状语；第二空填关系代词，作及物动词,spend,的宾语。故选,A,。,共 122 页,14,考点探究解密,考 点 解 读,1,equal,adj.,相等的，均等的,n.,相等的事物,(,或数量,)vt.,等于,精讲拓展：,equally adv.,同样地；相等地,equality n,相等；平等；同等,equalize vt.,使相等；使平等,共 122 页,15,be the equal of ones words,说到做到,be without equal,无比；无敌,be equal to sth./doing sth.,等于；能胜任,be equal with,与,平等,equal pay for equal work,同工同酬,共 122 页,16,误区警示：,equal,作名词时是可数名词表示,“,相同的事物或数量,”,，而,equality,是一不可数名词表示,“,相等,”,。,朗文在线：,A pound is roughly equal to 500 grams.,1,磅约等于,500,克。,Trade should balance when supply equals demand.,供需相当时贸易便达到平衡。,His paintings are without equal in the Western world.,他的画在西方世界首屈一指。,共 122 页,17,词语辨析：,equal,与,same,两者都含有,“,相同的,”,的意思。,equal,指,“,在数量、大小、价值、程度等方面不存在差别的,”,。,One li is equal to half a kilometer.,一华里等于半公里。,same,指,“,同一的,”“,相同的,”“,实质上不同，但在数量、意义、外表上没有明显区别的,”,。,They have the same problem.,他们有相同的问题。,命题方向：,equal,常与词义接近的词，以词语辨析题的形式出现。,共 122 页,18,活学巧练：,In my opinion,，,no search engine can _ Baidu in search scopes and speed.,A,compete,B,equal,C,win D,suit,答案与解析：,B,equal.in.,“,在,方面与,匹敌,”,。句意：在我看来，在搜索范围和搜索速度方面，没有一个搜索引擎可与百度相匹敌。,共 122 页,19,2,order n,秩序，次序，顺序；命令，定购，订单,vt.,命令，定购，定制,精讲拓展：,in order of,依,的顺序排列,out of order,不整齐,in order,情况良好，整齐,on order,订购中的,by order of,奉,的命令,in order that.,为了,，目的在于,共 122 页,20,in order to,为了,(,做某事,),，以便,(,做某事,),take orders,接受命令,order sb.to do sth./order sth.to be done,命令某人去做某事,order that.(should),动词原形,place an order,订货，下订单,误区警示：,in/out of order,，,in order that./to do,短语中,order,前用零冠词。,共 122 页,21,朗文在线：,Sunlight is needed in order for photosynthesis to take place.,需要阳光来进行光合作用。,Then they call out our names in order and we answer yes or no.,随后，他们依次点我们的名字，我们则回答到与否。,On Stalins orders the target for the five year plan was raised once again.,奉斯大林之命，五年计划的指标又一次提高了。,共 122 页,22,命题方向：,in order,与,out of order,短语是重要考点。,活学巧练：,(1)He listed the events _(,按,顺序,)importance.,(2)That young teacher cant keep _(,秩序,)in her classroom.,(3)Itll be quite _(,适宜的,)for you to make this suggestion at our next meeting.,in order of,order,in order,共 122 页,23,(4)Theyre going to London _(,以便,)they may see the queen.,(5)Its time we _ (,叫,)dinner.,(6)The father _ (,命令,)the son out of the house.,in order that,ordered,ordered,共 122 页,24,3,resign,vt.,放弃，辞去；,vi.,辞职,He resigned his position as chairman.,他辞去了主席的职位。,Two members resigned from the board in protest.,董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。,共 122 页,25,精讲拓展：,not resign oneself to,不甘心,resign.to.,把,托付给,resign oneself to,听任,(,某种影响,),；只好,(,做某事,),resignation n,辞职；辞职信；放弃；顺从,共 122 页,26,词语辨析：,resign,与,retire,resign,表示因对工作不满意或因工作上的失职而自愿或被,“,辞退,”“,辞去,”,了职务。,(,常与,from,连用,),He resigned from his job as a guard for he wasnt interested in it.,他因对警卫工作不感兴趣而辞职了。,retire,表示因年龄大或是身体不行，按国家有关规定,“,退休,”,，并享受规定补助。,He retired from the business when he was 60.,他,60,岁时退休了。,共 122 页,27,活学巧练：,He _ his post because he had been offered a better job.,A,resigned B,retired,C,dismissed D,fired,答案与解析：,A,句意：他辞去了他的工作因为他找到了更好的工作。,resign,“,辞职,”,；,retire,“,退休,”,；,dismiss,“,免职，开除,”,；,fire,“,解雇,”,。,共 122 页,28,4,contribution,n,贡献，稿件,精讲拓展：,contribute vt.&vi.,捐赠，贡献，有助于,make contributions to(doing)sth.,对,(,做,),某事做出贡献,contribute(sth.)to/towards sth.,向,捐赠,，向,投稿,contribute to sth.,促成某事物,共 122 页,29,误区警示：,contribute sth.to sth.,指,“,向,捐赠,/,投稿,”,，而,contribute to sth.,指,“,促成,”,，且,to,均为介词。,朗文在线：,Day centres for the elderly make a valuable contribution to the overall service.,照顾老人的日托中心为整个服务事业作出了可贵的贡献。,Various factors contributed to his downfall.,各种因素导致了他的倒台。,共 122 页,30,命题方向：,make contributions to(doing)sth.,及,contribute to sth.,是常考点。,活学巧练：,(2009,安徽安庆一中,)Alcohol _ 100,000 deaths a year in the US,，,according to a report.,A,relates to B,attends to,C,contributes to D,devotes to,答案与解析：,C,contribute to,“,有助于，是,的原因,”,；,relate to,“,与,有关,”,；,attend to,“,照料,”,；,devote to,“,致力于,”,。,共 122 页,31,5,condition n,条件，情形，环境，社会地位,vt.,以,为条件，使达到要求,精讲拓展：,conditions n,(,生活或工作的,),条件；环境,on condition(that),在,条件下，倘若,on no condition,一点也不，绝不,make it a condition that.,以,为条件,be in good condition,身体很好；完好无误,共 122 页,32,be out of condition,身体不适,be in no condition to do(,因病重、酒醉或烦乱而,),不能做,under excellent/terrible conditions,在好,/,糟的条件下,condition sb.to do(,通过影响或训练,),使习惯,/,适应于做,误区警示：,condition,表示,“,状况,”,时为不可数名词，而表示,“,条件,”,时是可数名词。,共 122 页,33,朗文在线：,What sort of condition is your new house in?,你的新房子目前是什么状况？,Poor working conditions lead to demoralized and unproductive employees.,工作条件差导致雇员工作积极性不高，生产率低下。,共 122 页,34,The animals were conditioned to expect food at the sound of the bell.,这些动物受训后一听见铃声就知道有食物可吃了。,This shampoo conditions your hair as well as washing it.,这种洗发剂既可洗发又可护发。,共 122 页,35,词语辨析：,condition,state,与,situation,三者都含有,“,情况,”,的意思。,condition,a,U,状况，状态,the condition of affairs,事态,b,(,常用复数形式,),环境，情况，形势,in(under)favourable conditions,在有利的形势下,c,条件,conditions of success,成功的条件,共 122 页,36,state,是常用词，指,“,人或物存在或所处的状态,”,，但不着重于,“,这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系,”,。,He is in a good state.,他身体健康。,situation,指多种具体情况造成的综合状态，常着重这种状态的影响和处于该状态的事物的关系。,We are in a difficult situation.,我们正处于困境。,命题方向：,condition,常与,situation,，,state,，,position,以词语辨析题的形式出现。,共 122 页,37,活学巧练：,Keep your car in good _ and itll drive long.,A,instruction B,position,C,condition D,situation,答案与解析：,C,in good condition,“,状况良好，完好无损,”,，固定结构。,共 122 页,38,6,in some ways,在某些方面,In some ways,，,they are similar to each other,；,but there are some distinguishable differences between them.,在某些方面，他们是相似的，但是他们之间也有一些明显的差别。,共 122 页,39,精讲拓展：,by the way,顺便说一下,by way of,途径，取道，为了,目的,in a way,在某种程度上,in any way,在任何方面,in the/ones way,挡道，阻碍,in no way,决不,共 122 页,40,in this/that way,用这种,/,那种方法,in the way of,关于，有关,the other way around,相反，反过来,on the way to,在去,途中；即将；将要,(11)out of the way,偏远；异常的,(12)under way,已经开始进行了,共 122 页,41,(13)make ones way,前进，向前走,(14)no way,根本不，一点也不,(15)all the way,一路上,误区警示：,in this/that/the way,作状语时，介词,in,可以省略。,共 122 页,42,朗文在线：,In some ways,，,Id rather he wasnt involved at all.,就某些方面而言，我宁愿他根本没有牵扯进去。,In a way,，,its kind of nice to be working alone.,从某种意义上讲，独自一个人干活相当不错。,共 122 页,43,活学巧练：,_,，,her health has improved,，,but she is still not really well.,A,All the way B,In a way,C,In the way D,By the way,答案与解析：,B,句意：在某种程度上，她的健康状况在改进，但是她仍然还没有完全好转。故用,in a way,。,共 122 页,44,7,bring up,抚养；呕吐；提出；使,提高,/,升高,精讲拓展：,bring about,引起，导致，造成,bring down,降低；减少；打垮，击败,bring forth,生产；生,(,孩子,),bring in,获利,共 122 页,45,bring off,办成功,bring on,引起；导致，加速,(,农作物,),生长,bring out,生产；制造,bring through,渡过困难,(,危机,),误区警示：,bring up,中的,up,为副词，其后跟的宾语如果是代词，应放在两词中间。,共 122 页,46,朗文在线：,Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?,你为什么非要提钱这个话题？,He left her to bring up three young children on her own.,他留下她独自抚养,3,个年幼的孩子。,I was brought up a Lutheran.,我是在路德教的教育下长大的。,命题方向：,bring up,，,bring about,，,bring down,的辨析是各类考试中的重要考点。,共 122 页,47,活学巧练：汉译英,(1),在会上他提出一个新的设想。,_,(2),他是在乡下长大的。,_,答案：,(1)He brought up a new suggestion at the meeting.,(2)He was brought up in the countryside.,共 122 页,48,8,in conclusion,总之；总而言之,reach/draw a conclusion,得出结论；下结论,come to/arrive at a conclusion,得出结论,conclude v,结束；下结论；推断,conclude that,draw a conclusion that,下结论,to conclude,总而言之，总之，最后,共 122 页,49,朗文在线：,In conclusion,I think the best way to make a friend is to be one.,总之，我认为交朋友最好的办法是去做一个朋友。,We came to the conclusion that the room must have been empty.,我们的结论是：那个房间当时一定是空的。,共 122 页,50,活学巧练：,_,，,I would like to wish you continued success in the future.,A.In contrast B.In conclusion,C.In common D.In principle,答案与解析：,B,句意：总之，我真心祝愿你在将来继续成功。,in conclusion,总之，最后；,in contrast,与,相反；,in common,共同的，共有的；,in principle,原则上，大体上。,共 122 页,51,9,They say that you need to be a bit mad to be an inventor.,据说要想成为发明家，得需要一点疯狂和着迷。,主语,v.,that,句型中，主语是,“,人,”,，谓语动词是表示人的思维的动词，通常有,say,think,consider,hope,report.,等，表示,“,某些人,(,认为,/,相信,/,希望,),”,。,这个句型常可和以下两个句式互换：,It is/was,p.p.,that,从句,Sb./Sth.,be,p.p.,to do/to have,p.p.,共 122 页,52,朗文在线：,People say that the tomb has been robbed.,It is said that the tomb has been robbed.,The tomb is said to have been robbed.,据说那个坟墓已经被盗过了。,共 122 页,53,People hope that Chinese will land on the Mars one day.,It is hoped that Chinese will land on the Mars one day.,Chinese are hoped to land on the Mars one day.,人们希望有一天中国人会登上火星。,共 122 页,54,活学巧练：,The villagers thought Jack had been kidnapped.,_ that Jack had been kidnapped.,Jack was thought _.,答案：,It was thought;to have been kidnapped,共 122 页,55,10,定语从句,形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导；关系词充当从句的成分。,共 122 页,56,共 122 页,57,(1),引导定语从句的关系词,关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同，须用不同的关系词去代替它：,This is the place where he works.,(,关系词作状语，,in the place,，要用,where),这是他工作的地方。,This is the place which we visited.,(,关系词作宾语，,the place,，要用,which),这是我们参观过的地方。,共 122 页,58,在口语或非正式场合中，,that,可代替关系副词：,This is the place that(,where)he works.,有时为了句子的平衡，较短的定语或较短的谓语动词插入定语从句与先行词之间，这叫做分隔定语从句：,I was the only person in my office who was invited.,我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。,共 122 页,59,关系代词作从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致；先行词为一个句子时，从句谓语动词为第三人称单数形式：,Those who are going,come here.,要去的人到这儿来。,The exams were put off,which was exactly what we wanted.,各门考试都推迟了，这正是我们希望的。,共 122 页,60,关系代词或,“,介词关系代词,”,在从句中作定语时，被修饰词常需要提前：,There is a room,the window,of which,faces the river.,有一间房子，窗户朝着这条河。,共 122 页,61,(2),宜用,that,而不用,which,的情况,先行词为,all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,the one,等不定式代词时：,I mean the one that was bought yesterday.,我指的是昨天买的那个。,先行词被形容词最高级或被,only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,等修饰时：,It is the most important task that should be finished soon.,这是必须马上完成的最重要的任务。,共 122 页,62,先行词为数词或被序数词,(,含,last),修饰时：,Look at these flowers.You can see the two that you gave me.,瞧这些花，你能看到你给我的那两朵。,先行词中既有人又有物时：,We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited.,我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下深刻的印象。,共 122 页,63,先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：,Its a book that will help you a lot.,这是本对你很有帮助的书。,My home town is no longer the place that it used to be.,我的故乡现在已不再是过去的那个面貌了。,共 122 页,64,(3),不宜用,that,的情况,关系代词前有介词时：,This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.,这是鲁迅住过的房子。,非限制性定语从句中：,He has a daughter,who works in a hospital.,他有个女儿，在医院工作。,共 122 页,65,先行词本身是,that,：,The clock is that which tells the time.,钟表就是能够报时的计时器。,共 122 页,66,(4),“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,关系代词,whom,，,which,在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；当先行词指人时，介词后的关系代词用,whom,，其余用,which,，这时的关系代词不能省略；有时为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，这时的,which,可用,that,替换。在介词放在从句有关动词的后面时，关系代词,which,that,whom,在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略。,共 122 页,67,This is the room in which he used to live.,This is the room(which/that)he used to live in.,这是他过去居住过的房间。,Whos the man with whom you just shook hands,？,Whos the man(that/whom)you just shook hands with?,刚才你与他握手的那个人是谁？,但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。,共 122 页,68,This is the book(which/that)Im looking for.,这就是我在找的那本书。,在这类定语从句中，介词的选择一般根据动词的需要,(,如上述几例,),，或者根据先行词来决定。,There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow.,有一座山顶总是覆盖着雪的山。,共 122 页,69,活学巧练：,(1)I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched,，,_ has a great effect on my life.,I still remember the days _ I studied in the university,_ influnce me a lot.,A,when,；,which B,that,；,which,C,which,；,that D,when,；,that,答案与解析：,A,第一空引导词在定语从句中作状语，用,when,引导，第二空引导非限制性定语从句，用,which,。,共 122 页,70,(2)Madame Curie,，,_ life had once been very hard,was given two Nobel Prizes.,A,of whom B,for whom,C,for whose D,in whom,答案：,B,共 122 页,71,(3)Humans are destroying nature day by day,，,_ of course,will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.,A,who B,when,C,on which D,which,答案：,D,共 122 页,72,(4)Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in the work?,A,he explained B,what he explained,C,how he explained D,why he explained,答案：,A,共 122 页,73,(5)The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.,A,who B,about who,C,whom D,with whom,答案：,A,共 122 页,74,考 题 演 练,1.She brought with her three friends,，,none of _ I had ever met before.,A.them B.who,C.whom D.these,答案与解析：,C,本题考查定语从句的引导词。要求学生分清引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的用法。句意：她带来了她的三个朋友，以前我一个也没见过。本句中前句是一个完整的句子，但没用句号，用了逗号，并且中间也没有连词，所以后一个分句应是前一个分句的定语从句，又因,of,为介词，其后必须跟宾格，故选,C,项。,共 122 页,75,2,A person _ e,mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e,mails.,A.who B.whom,C.whose D.whoever,答案与解析：,C,考查限制性定语从句的用法。,e,mail account,前缺少定语，故用,whose,引导定语从句，相当于,the e,mail account of whom,。,共 122 页,76,3,I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.,A.which B.where,C.how D.why,答案与解析：,B,本题考查定语从句的关系词。当,point,case,stage,situation,等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词,where,来引导定语从句。,共 122 页,77,4,Try on this red skirt;you will look great _ it.,A.on B.by,C.in D.for,答案与解析：,C,本题考查介词的意义和用法，在日常学习中要注意积累，对一些固定搭配一定要牢记。句意：试试这条红裙子，你穿肯定很漂亮。如选,A,，应改为：,The skirt looks great on you.,。,by,为在,旁边；,for,为了，均不合题意。,共 122 页,78,5,It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing children.,A.look upon B.look after,C.look into D