江苏省高考英语-第二部分-语法核心突破-第一课时-名词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第一课时名词,李仕才,1.Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life?,Living every day to the full,definitely.,(2016,江苏卷,),A.recipe,B.record,C.range,D.receipt,答案,A,句意：,你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗？,当然是尽情享受每一天。,recipe,秘诀，食谱，药方；,record,记录；,range,范围；,receipt,收据，收条。根据句意可知,A,项正确。,感,悟,高,考,2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,，,as late payments may affect your _.,(2016,江苏卷,),A.condition,B.income,C.credit,D.status,答案,C,句意：重要的是按时缴纳电费，因为逾期付款可能会影响你的信用。,condition,情况；,income,收入；,credit,信誉；,status,身份。根据句意，答案为,C,。,3.There is no need to tell me your answer,now.Give,it some _ and then let me know.,(2015,安徽卷,),A.thought,B.support,C.protection,D.authority,答案,A,句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。,thought,思想，思考；,support,支持，维持，支援，供养；,protection,保护，防卫；,authority,权威，权力，当局。,4.Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently.,(2015,浙江卷,),A.produce,B.pronounce,C.process,D.download,答案,C,句意：研究表明左右耳处理声音的方式不同。,process,加工，处理，符合语境。,produce,生产，制作，创作；,pronounce,发音；,download,下载。,要,点,精,析,一、不可数名词的数,1.,一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：,(1),抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的人或事。,单词,抽象名词意义,具体化名词意义,success,成功,成功的人或事,pleasure,乐趣,令人高兴的事,beauty,美；美丽,美丽的人或事物,comfort,安慰；慰藉,令人感到安慰的人或事物,delight,高兴,令人高兴的事,failure,失败,失败的人或事物,surprise,惊奇,令人惊奇的事情,shock,震惊,令人震惊的事情,pride,骄傲,令人骄傲的事情,honor,荣幸,令人荣幸的事情,Your contribution will certainly make the event,a,huge,success,.,您的贡献定会促使这件事取得圆满成功。,(2),抽象名词与,a(an,),连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验的动作、行为或类别。,Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.,在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。,2.,有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词,物质名词,可数名词,物质名词,可数名词,drink,饮料,two drinks,两杯饮料,sugar,糖,a sugar,一块糖,coffee,咖啡,a coffee,一杯咖啡,paper,纸,a paper,一张报纸；一篇论文,tea,茶,two teas,两杯茶,hair,头发,a hair,一根头发,I knocked over the tea cup and it fell on the mobile phone.,You should never put,drinks,near a phone.,我把茶杯碰倒了，它落在了那部手机上。,你永远都不应该把饮料放到手机附近。,二、名词的词义辨析,1,.,形近词的词义辨析,command,命令,comparison,比较,compliment,称赞,contribution,贡献,symptom,症状,similarity,类似,sample,样本,sympathy,同情,symbol,象征，符号,system,系统,She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful,symbol,in last years election.,两年前她被软禁在家，但是在去年的选举中她仍是位具有影响力的代表性人物。,2,.,意义相近词的辨析,motivation,动机，目的,qualification,资历,talent,天赋,technique,技能,anger,生气,rudeness,粗鲁,regret,后悔,panic,惊慌,advice,建议,question,问题,offer,提议,idea,主意,Her,motivation,for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.,她写作的动机是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的渴望。,3,.,无一定关联性的名词词义辨析,source,源泉,sense,感觉,result,结果,root,根源,curiosity,好奇,satisfaction,满意,envy,羡慕,patience,耐心,difference,不同，区别,strength,长处,connection,关联,barrier,屏障，障碍,Wind is now the worlds fastest growing,source,of power.,风力是现今世界上增长最迅速的能源。,三、名词的固定搭配,1.,动词,have,take,make,pay,play,put,give,等加名词构成的短语,have a good reputation,有个好名声,have a feeling of,有,感觉,have access to,可以获得,take advantage of,利用，趁,之机,take a turn,转变,get relief,得到缓解,All students,have access to,the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.,所有学生都能进入在道格拉斯大厅上面的写作中心。,2.,介词后加名词构成的短语,in great demand,需求量很大,in progress,在进行中,out of touch,与,无联系,beyond recognition,辨认不出来,The,Harry,Potter,books are quite popular;they are,in great demand,in this city.,哈利,波特系列图书很受欢迎，在这座城市的需求量很大。,解,题,策,略,1,.,利用固定搭配和习惯表达,(1)It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.,A.safety,B.company,C.house,D.friend,答案,B,句意：据说，,当你感到孤独时，,你想要狗陪伴你多长时间它们就陪伴你多长时间。,keep,sb,company,“,陪伴某人；与某人作伴,”,。,(2)Despite such a big difference in the _ towards what one eats,there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.,A.point,B.idea,C.attitude,D.sight,答案,C,句意：尽管人们对吃什么有不同的观点，,但是毋庸置疑的是西方人认为中餐别具一格。,point,重点，见解,;idea,想法,主意；,sight,视力，看见。,2,.,利用句子的平衡、对比等结构,To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.,A.strengths,B.benefits,C.techniques,D.values,答案,A,句意：为了使队员更好地表现，,教练首先要了解队员的优势和劣势。,and,后,weak,的名词形式，,正好与,strong,的名词形式对比。,strength,长处，优点，符合句意。,3,.,充分把握具体的语境,Shall we go out for a walk?,Sorry.This,is not the right _ to invite me.I am too tired to walk.,A.moment,B.situation,C.place,D.chance,答案,A,句意：,我们出去走走吧？,对不起，,现在邀请我不是时候，,我都累得没有力气走路了。后面的,I am too tired to walk,提示了前者提出建议是不合时宜的，,故用,moment,“,时刻，,时候,”,。,4,.,运用固定句式解决词义辨析,You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get around the city.,A.source,B.sense,C.favor,D.value,答案,D,句意：你会觉得这张地图在帮助你在城里逛逛非常有价值。此处用,of great value,相当于,very valuable,表示,“,十分有价值,”,。,针,对,训,练,1.One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.,(2015,浙江卷,),A.production,B.stress,C.energy,D.power,答案,B,句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。,stress,压力，紧张，符合语境。,production,生产，制作，产品；,energy,精力，活力，干劲；,power,权力，势力，影响力。,2.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task.,(2015,湖北卷,),A.emotion,B.talent,C.identity,D.treasure,答案,C,句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。,A,项,“,情绪,”,；,B,项,“,才能,”,；,C,项,“,身份,”,；,D,项,“,财富,”,。故选,C,。,3.Could you tell me the _ of making such tasty cakes?,Well,，,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.,(,福建卷,),A.feature,B.plan,C.cost,D.trick,答案,D,句意：,你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？,好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。,trick,诀窍，故选,D,。,4.Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.,(,天津卷,),A.source,B.sense,C.result,D.root,答案,A,句意：风力是现今世界上增长最迅速的一种能源。,A.,源泉，来源；,B.,感觉，意义；,C.,结果；,D.,根，根源；根据上下文语境，故选,A,。,5.Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?,Thats a good _.,(,安徽卷,),A.saying,B.question,C.suggestion,D.account,答案,C,句意：,如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？,这是个不错的建议,(suggestion),。,saying,说法；言论；,account,账户；解释；说明，理由。根据句意应选,C,。,6.When Richard said,，,“,You are much more agreeable and prettier now,，,”,Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.,(,湖北卷,),A.command,B.comparison,C.compliment,D.contribution,答案,C,句意：当理查德说：,“,你现在变得更讨人喜爱，更漂亮了。,”,琼听到这突如其来的赞美，脸红了。,command,命令，指挥；,comparison,对比；,compliment,恭维，称赞；,contribution,贡献。,7.The local government provided _ for the homeless soon after the flood.,A.possessions,B.accommodations,C.souvenirs,D.groceries,答案,B,句意：洪水过后不久，当地政府向无家可归者提供了住所。,accommodation,“,住处，膳宿,”,，符合句意。,possession,“,财产,”,；,souvenir,“,纪念品,”,；,grocery,“,食品杂货店,”,。,8.Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest _.,A.convenience,B.consideration,C.interruption,D.imagination,答案,A,at one,s convenience,“,在某人方便的时候,”,。句意：你们所提供的任何帮助我都很感激，请在方便的时候尽早联系我。,9.The quiet life of the country has never had _ to me in that I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window.,A.appeal,B.appetite,C.affection,D.application,答案,A,句意：宁静的乡村生活从来没有吸引过我，因为我总认为乡村是透过火车车窗看到的那个样子。,appeal,意为,“,吸引力，感染力,”,；,appetite,意为,“,食欲，胃口；强烈欲望,”,；,affection,意为,“,喜爱，喜欢,”,；,application,意为,“,申请；运用，应用,”,。,10.In Beijing opera,，,performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the _ and depths of the characters personalities.,A.dimensions,B.certificates,C.occupations,D.consciences,答案,A,句意：在京剧里，演员们需要在脸上画多种脸谱并着色，以助于展示人物个性的广度和深度。,dimension,意为,“,方面；维度；范围，程度,”,；,certificate,意为,“,证书，证明,”,；,occupation,意为,“,占据，占有；职业，工作,”,；,conscience,意为,“,良知，是非感,”,。,11.The important thing in life is to have a great aim,，,and the _ to achieve it.,A.acquisition,B.comprehension,C.determination,D.satisfaction,答案,C,句意：人生中重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标，并下决心实现它。,acquisition,意为,“,获得,”,；,comprehension,意为,“,理解,”,；,determination,意为,“,决心,”,；,satisfaction,意为,“,满意,”,。根据句意可知，答案为,C,。,12.The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual _ of,4,，,000,yuan,for food and tuition fees.,A.award,B.admission,C.allowance,D.acquisition,答案,C,句意：今年，当地政府给每个大学生提供每年,4 000,元的食物和学费补贴。,allowance,意为,“,津贴，补贴,”,；,award,意为,“,奖品,”,；,admission,意为,“,进入许可，入场费,”,；,acquisition,意为,“,获得，习得,”,。,