课标版云南省中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破专题七形容词和副词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第,二部分 语法专题突破,专题七 形容词和副词,形容词词义辨析包括,2,个考查方向，词义辨析和短语辨析。词义辨析的考查特点为,4,个选项有,2,个词是反义词，其中反义词为答案的可能性很大。,考向,一,形容词语境辨析,（,5,年,8,考）,分析云南形容词词义辨析的考查特点，,4,个选项全部都是形容词，但是其中,2,个选项为反义词，其中反义词是答案的可能性很大。本书罗列部分反义词，考生可多积累反义词的词义。,命题点,1,形容词词义辨析,（必考,1-2,道）,考法精讲,comfortable,舒服的,uncomfortable,不舒服的,easy,简单的,hard,困难的,hot,热的,cool,凉爽的,（,2013.41,）,high,高的,low,低的,happy,高兴的,angry,生气的,good,好的,bad,坏的,（,2016.37,）,glad,高兴的,sad,悲伤的,（,2015.43,）,pleasant,令人愉快的,unpleasant,令人难过的,polite,礼貌的,impolite,无礼的,quick,快的,slow,慢的,（,2014.43,）,rich,富有的,poor,贫穷的,short,短的,long,长的,same,相同的,different,不同的,【,现学现用,】,1.The broken glass may cut your hand if you touch it.You should be _.,A.careful B.famous C.careless D.active,2.What do you think of the NBA basketball match last night?,It was _.I really enjoyed it.,A.difficult B.wonderful C.strange D.terrible,3.Dont you think it _ of some young people to be crazy about pop stars?,A.creative B.silly C.wise D.curious,A,B,B,考向,二,形容词短语辨析,形容词短语在单项填空中考查词义辨析，在词组翻译中考查词义及拼写。这不仅要求考生了解词义，还须准确地拼写出来。以下为初中常见的形容词短语：,about,短语,be crazy about,对,疯狂,/,着迷,be excited about,因,而激动,be worried about,对,担心,at,短语,be amazed at,对,感到惊讶,be good at,擅长,be mad at,对,感到生气,be surprised at,对,感到惊讶,for,短语,be famous for/known for,以,而闻名,(2013.75),be late for,迟到,be ready for,为,做准备,be sorry for,为,感到可惜,/,抱歉,be thirsty for,渴望,of,短语,be afraid of,害怕,be proud of,为,而感到自豪,be short of,短缺,be tired of,厌烦,with,短语,be angry with,生,的气,be busy with,忙于,be born with,生来具有,be popular with,受,欢迎,be full of(,be filled with),充满,be patient with,对,有耐心,be satisfied with,对,满意,be strict with,对,严厉,/,严格,（更多常见形容词短语见,词句篇记背手册,）,【,现学现用,】,4.Drinking wine can be _ our brain.So people in some countries arent allowed to drink if they are younger than 18.,（对,有害）,5.,Margs,experiences were _ mine so we became good friends.,（与,相似）,6.Do you get on well with your new classmates?,Yes.They are _ me.,A.afraid of B.friendly to,C.angry with D.sorry for,harmful to,similar to,B,云南中考对副词词义辨析的考查主要在完形填空中，其中涉及以,-,ly,结尾的副词辨析,1,次，疑问副词辨析,5,次，频度副词辨析,2,次。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各选项表达的意思，根据语境和逻辑关系即可选出正确答案。更多副词用法可结合本书,词句篇记背手册,重点记忆。,命题点,2,副词词义辨析,考法精讲,方法点拨,第,1,步：四个选项均为副词，意思分别是：立即；尤其是；可能；最近。第,2,步：分析语境“你开车的时候要小心,_,在像这样的夏季暴风雨天气里。”结合句意及选项可知，此句是提醒尤其是在这样的夏季暴风雨天气里，开车要小心，故选,B,。,如：,Take care when you are driving,_ in a summer storm like this.,A.immediately B.especially,C.probably D.recently,以,-,ly,结尾的副词辨析,在单项选择和完形填空中，副词词义辨析的试题会涉及四个选项全是以,-,ly,结尾的副词，现将此类词归纳如下：,1.,常见以,-,ly,结尾的副词,（,2016.41,）,actually,实际上,anxiously,焦虑地,bravely,勇敢地,carefully,小心地,carelessly,粗心地,certainly,肯定地,clearly,清晰地,closely,紧密地,especially,尤其,exactly,准确地,excitedly,兴奋地,finally,最终,freely,自由地,hardly,几乎不,immediately,立刻,loudly,大声地,mainly,主要地,really,真正地,slowly,缓慢地,truly,真实地,2.,频度副词,（,2017.40,，,2014.45,）,频度副词,词义,频度副词,词义,never(2,次,),从来不,weekly,每周，每周一次,often,经常，常常,twice,两次,always,总是，经常,ever,曾经,daily,天天，常常,every week,每周,every day,每天,every month,每月,频度副词,词义,频度副词,词义,now and then,偶尔,again and again,一次又一次,at times,有时，间或,not.any more/longer,不再,3.,疑问副词,（,2017.45,，,2016.25,，,2015.27,，,2014.44,，,2013.44,）,疑问副词,词义,疑问副词,词义,where,在哪里,why(2,次,),为什么,when,何时,how,怎么样,what,什么,how many,多少,how long,多长，多久,how soon,多久,how often,多久一次,how far,多远,how much,多少,how old,多大年龄,程度副词,词义,程度副词,词义,quite,相当，完全，十分,only,仅仅,rather,相当，颇，有点,even,甚至,very,非常,enough,足够,much,许多,hardly,几乎不,a lot,许多,almost,差不多,so,如此,such,如此,4.,程度副词,5.,时间副词,时间副词,词义,时间副词,词义,now,现在,soon,很快,once,曾经，以前,then,然后,today,今天,still,仍然,tomorrow,明天,suddenly,突然,yesterday,昨天,before,在,之前,already,已经,after,在,之后,时间副词,词义,时间副词,词义,ago,以前,at first,首先,early,早点,at last,最后,late,晚，迟,just now,刚才,immediately,立即，立刻,at once,立刻，马上,6.,地点副词,地点副词,词义,地点副词,词义,here,这儿,upstairs,楼上,there,那儿,downstairs,楼下,left,左边,above,上边,right,右边,behind,后边,north,北边,everywhere,每个地方,south,南边,anywhere,任何地方,地点副词,词义,地点副词,词义,east,东边,over there,在那里,west,西边,here and there,到处，处处,形容词和副词的比较等级是云南中考的必考点。省卷考查,3,次比较级句型,:,the,+,比较级，,the,+,比较级。,解答此类试题时，首先分析语境，找到句中的关键词，如：,as.,as,通常是原级比较，,than,通常是比较级，,one of,后通常是最高级。同时考生还要注意多积累比较级的一些特殊句型,(,如：,the more.the more.;more and more.,等,),、多音节形容词和不规则形容词比较级形式。,命题点,3,形容词和副词的比较等级,（,5,年,3,考）,考法精讲,1.,原级的判定方法和用法,（,1,）由表示程度的副词,very,，,so,，,too,，,enough,，,quite,等修饰时，用形容词原级。,如：,The film is too boring.,这部电影太无聊了。,（,2,）表示两者在某一方面相同或不同时用原级。,用法,例句,A+be,/,动词,+,as,+,原级,+,as+B,，,意为,“,A,与,B,一样,”,，,表示相同或相等。,He runs as fast as me in the match.,在比赛中他和我跑得一样快。,具体用法如下：,用法,例句,A+be+not+so,/as+,原级,+,as+B,，,意为“,A,不及,B,那样,”,，,表示不如或不相等。,This red skirt is not so beautiful as that blue one.,这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。,A+be,+,倍数,+as+,形容词原级,+,as+B,，,表示,“,A,是,B,的,倍”（常见倍数：一半,half,，,一倍,once,，,两倍,twice,，,三倍及以上：数字,+times,）。,Our school is twice as large as theirs.,我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。,用法,例句,as much/many.+as,，,表示前后的数量相同。,John earns as much money as his brother.,约翰挣得钱和他的哥哥一样多。,as+,原级,+,as,+,用作比喻的名词，意为,“,像,一样,”,，此结构可形成许多习惯用语，多用于口语,。,He is as busy as a bee.,他像蜜蜂一样忙碌。,2.,比较级的判定方法和常见结构,（,1,）由表示程度的副词,a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any,等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。,如：,It is even colder today.,今天甚至更冷了。,（,2,）在固定比较级结构中。如“,the+,比较级，,the+,比较级”用法为高频考点，共考查,3,次，分别为：,2016.31,，,2015.39,，,2014.39,。,比较级的常见结构有：,用法,例句,“,the,+,比较级,.,，,the,+,比较级,.,”,表示,“,越,，就越,”,。,（,5,年,3,考）,The more vegetables,the healthier you are.,你吃的蔬菜越多，你就越健康。,用法,例句,比较级,+,and,+,比较级，表示,“,越来越,”,。注意：若比较级是在原级前加,more,构成的，则用,“,more and more,+,原级,”,表示,“,越来越,”,。,Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.,我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。,表示两者进行比较时用比较级，其结构为,A+be,+,比较级,+,than+B,表示,“,A,比,B,，,”,即,AB,。（注意比较的对象要一致）如果加入数字，则表示确切的量的关系。,The woman speaks louder than the man.,这位女士比那位男士讲话声音大。,用法,例句,A+be+less,+,多音节形容词原级,+,than+B,，表示,“,A,不及,B,”,The film was less funny than the book.,这部电影没有这本书有趣。,表示两者之间进行选择时，用句型：,Which/,Who+be,+,比较级，,A or B?,。,Which is nearer to the sun,the moon or the earth?,哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？,用法,例句,表示两者之间进行选择时，用句型：,Which/,Who+be,+,比较级,，,A or B?,。,Which is nearer to the sun,the moon or the earth?,哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？,表示几倍于,时，用倍数,+,比较级,+,than,表示。,The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.,长江大概比珠江长两倍。,3.,最高级的判定方法和常见结构,表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词,the,，副词最高级前可以不用。句末常跟一个,in/of/among,短语来表示范围。即用“,A+be+the,+,最高级,+,（,in/of/among,）,.”,表示。,如：,This picture is the best of all.,这幅画是所有的画中最好的。,用法,例句,表示,“,A,是,中最,之一,”,时，用,“,A+be+one,of+the,+,形容词最高级,+,名词复数,”,。,Deng,Ziqi,is one of the most popular singers.,邓紫棋是最受欢迎的歌手之一,表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：,Which/Who be the,+,最高级，,A,，,B or C,？,Who eats the healthiest among these students?,在这些学生中谁吃得最健康,?,用法,例句,形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示,“,第几最,”,。用,“,A+be+the,+,序数词,+,形容词最高级,+,名词单数,+,范围,”,表示。,She is the second tallest girl in our class.,她是我们班第二高的女生。,用法,例句,形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再加定冠词,the,。,She is my best friend.,她是我最好的朋友。,形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。,He is taller than any other student in our class.,他是我们班上最高的学生。,如：,People usually like the TV channels with funnier programs but _ advertisements.,A.few B.fewer C.the fewer D.the fewest,方法点拨,第,1,步：根据四个选项可判断此题考查形容词的比较等级；第,2,步：题目中并没有比较级或者最高级的标志词，故只能根据语境来判断选用哪种结构；第,3,步：根据,“,with funnier programs but”,可知这里暗含一种比较。比较级的前面不用定冠词修饰。故选,B,。,如：,We have done much to protect the environment.So the river is getting _ than before.,A.dirtier B.dirty C.cleaner D.clean,方法点拨,第,1,步：由,than,可知考查比较级，故排除,B,和,D,；第,2,步：分析剩下两个选项，,A,和,C,是一组反义词，,dirtier,更脏的，,cleaner,更干净的。根据,“,We have done much to protect the environment.”,可知是河流变得比以前更干净了。故选,C,。,省卷针对所给形容词的适当形式填空的考情分析如下：,1.5,年,5,考，每年必考,1,道；,2.,括号中给出的形容词都是原形；,3.,根据考查规律，所填答案都需要变形，,4,次变副词（,3,次直接加,-,ly,，,1,次变,y,为,i,再加,ly,）,1,次变最高级（,biggest,）。,命题点,4,用所给形容词的适当形式填空,考法精讲,形容词转换副词,填副词的方法：,（,1,）用来修饰动词,（,2017.66,，,2016.69,，,2015.67,2013.68,）,；,（,2,）用来修饰形容词；,（,3,）修饰整个句子；,（,4,）固定搭配（如,take.seriously,）。,考向,一,形容词副词,（,5,年,4,考）,形容词变副词的方法,类别,构成方法,例词,一般情况下,直接加,-,ly,bravebravely,carefulcarefully clearclearly,辅音字母加,y,结尾的词,变,y,为,i,再加,-,ly,easyeasily healthyhealthily,happyhappily,辅音字母加,le,结尾的词,去,e,加,-y,simplesimply terribleterribly,possiblepossibly,考点三,类别,构成方法,例词,少数以,e,结尾的词,去,e,加,-,ly,truetruly,形容词与副词同形的词,low,fast,late,early,much,deep,little,hard,only,back,just,well,enough,long,high,形容词与副词同形的词,exactly,successfully,widely,【,现学现用,】,7.I remember _ what Audrey Hepburn looked like in her first film.(exact),8.Without their help,we could not have done it so _.(successful),9.Nowadays,WeChat,is _ used in our daily life.(wide),happily,10.There are a group of ducks swimming _ in the river.(happy),11.I felt _ cold today,so I put on my sweater in case of catching a,cold.(terrible,),12.Whenever we have trouble with our studies,our teachers always help us _.,（,patient,）,terribly,patiently,形容词和副词比较等级,（,2014.69,）,具体讲解可详见本专题命题点,3,。,填比较级的方法：,（,1,）标志词,than,，,much,even,，,far,等,+,比较级；,（,2,）,the,比较级,+the,比较级,（,3,）比较级,+and+,比较级,（,4,）上下文语境。,填最高级的方法：,（,1,）最高级,+,有表示范围的介词短语,(in China,，,of all.),（,2014.69,）,；（,2,）特殊结构：,one of the+,最高级；,（,3,）,the+,最高级,+,名词；,（,4,）用于固定搭配中（,do ones best,）。,考向,二,1.,形容词、副词比较等级规则变化表,类别,构成方法,原级,比较级,最高级,单音节词和少数双音节词,直接在词尾加,-,er,-est,young tall,younger,taller,youngest,tallest,以不发音的字母,e,结尾的加,-,r,-st,nice,large,nicer,larger,nicest,largest,以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这一辅音字母，再加,-,er,-,est,big,fat,hot,bigger,fatter,hotter,biggest,fattest,hottest,类别,构成方法,原级,比较级,最高级,单音节词和少数双音节词,辅音字母加,y,结尾,变,y,为,i,再加,-,er,-est,happy,easy,early,happier,easier earlier,happiest,easiest,earliest,多音节词和部分双音节词,有些双音节词和多音节词，在词前加,more,most,important,careful,interesting,more important,more careful,more interesting,the most,important,the most,careful the most interesting,2.,形容词、副词比较等级不规则变化表,原级,比较级,最高级,good/well,better,best,ill/bad,worst,worst,many/much,more,most,little,less,least,far,farther/further,farthest/furthest,old,older/elder,oldest/eldest,fewer,greatest,most popular,【,现学现用,】,13.The more careful you are,the _ mistakes youll make.(few),14.This Chinese painting is the _ work of art I have ever seen.(great),15.Xinhua Dictionary is one of the _ dictionaries and the best-selling books in the world.(popular),形容词名词,填名词的方法：,(1),冠词,/,所有格,+,名词；,(2),形容词性物主代词,+,名词；,(3),介词,+,名词,;(4),a number of,+,名词复数。,构成,例词,adj,.+ness,shyshyness,adj,.+ty/ity/y,difficultdifficulty safesafety,adj,.-,t+ce,patientpatience,其他,foreignforeigner truetruth,考向,三,【,现学现用,】,16.We must be careful when we walk in the street._ comes first.(safe),17.You should tell me the _,or I am always feeling anxious.(true),18.His _ helped him enter the final competition.(confident),Safety,truth,confidence,