高考英语一轮复习-写作技法点拨系列4-合理展开段落--编织流畅作文.ppt

写作技法点拨系列,四、合理展开段落,编织流畅作文,【,核心点拨,】,段落写作步骤,1.,确定主题句,主题句的位置一般位于段落的开头,用来表达段落的中心思想,简明地告诉读者段落的内容。但主题句的位置并不是固定不变的,它有时也可以位于段中或段尾。段首主题句开门见山,直接点明段落主题,有助于,确定段落的主线,使各个扩展句围绕段落主题自然展开,段尾主题句具有结论作用,是对前面句子的归纳总结。,为了便于展开下文,主题句一般具备以下特点,:,(1),主题句的内容要明确具体,具有特定性、单一性和概括性,切忌笼统。例如,:,English plays a part in our life.,这样的句子就不适合做主题句,因为太笼统,作者很难把握其他句子的展开方向。但如果改为,English plays an important part in cultural communication and international trade.,就便于扩展句的展开。,(2),主题句的语言要简洁,开门见山。,以题为“,Changes in My Hometown”,的作文的两个开头段落为例,第二个比第一个要简洁明了。,a.In recent years,with the development of economy,great changes have taken place in China.There are also many great changes in my hometown.,b.Many great changes have taken place in my hometown.,2.,扩展主题句,主题句仅仅提出作者的基本观点,要使读者明白并同意作者的观点,就要展开主题句。展开主题句要做到内容清晰、详实,有较强的说服力。展开段落一定要紧紧围绕主题句,不能偏离,不能分散。例如主题句,She is always ready to help others.,就已经限定了她是一个“乐,于助人”的人,从而扩展句所体现的内容都必须和乐于助人有关。如果涉及她学习成绩优异或学习努力刻苦,就偏离了段落的中心。,3.,展开主题句的办法,确定了段落的主题后,必须用相应的扩展句来分析和说明,使作者的观点和思想更具有说服力。在一个段落中,我们常用几种不同的方法来扩展主题句。,(1),叙述法,根据所叙述对象的不同,叙述法又可分为两种形式,:,按时间顺序和按空间顺序。例如,:,The Olympic Games has a long history(,主题句,).It originated in 776 BC in Olympia,a small town in Greece(,扩展句,1).Gradually,the event became a religious,patriotic and athletic occasion where winners were honored with wreaths and special privileges(,扩展句,2).However,it was banned in 394 AD by Emperor Theodosius(,扩展句,3).The modern Olympic Games,began in Athens in 1896 as a result of the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin,a French educator whose desire was to promote international understanding for athletics(,扩展句,4).,本段是按照时间的先后顺序描述了奥运会发展的历史和曲折过程,使读者对奥运会的历史有一个大致的了解。,(2),举例法,有时候,为了说明一个问题,我们往往用具体的事例来加以说明。这种展开段落的方法叫做举例法。一般常把主题句放在段首,用具体的事实和例子对其进行说明和阐述。例如,:,People in different parts of our country have very different ideas about what is good to eat(,主题句,).If you are a Cantonese,for example,you would consider the meat of snakes and rats your favorite dish(,扩展句,1).If you are living in the northwestern provinces,you would probably enjoy the roasted meat of sheep and goats(,扩展句,2).People from Sichuan province are known to prefer dishes with hot pepper(,扩展句,3).,本段围绕着主题句“在我国,来自不同地区的人们对好的饮食有着不同的见解”展开,段落的扩展部分用了三个实例阐明主题,:(1),广东人喜欢吃蛇肉、鼠肉。,(2),西北地区的人喜欢吃烤羊肉。,(3),四川人喜欢吃辣味食品。,(3),比较分析法,在描写或叙述两个或两个以上的事物时,我们常用比较的方法,这就是比较分析法。比较分析法是对两个或两个以上的事物的相同点和不同点进行比较和分析,共同为说明主题句服务。例如,:,Part-time jobs have both advantages and disadvantages for students(,主题句,).Being able to earn money gives them a feeling that they have become adults,and therefore makes them feel more mature.However,they might become money-oriented(,扩展句,1).,Part-time jobs in business can foster a sense of,competition,which is very important for students in the future,but it may have a bad effect on their studies(,扩展句,2).,本段所说的是学生在课后做,part-time job,的问题。做兼职工作对他们自身的发展有很大的好处,但同时可能会造成一些不良的后果。因此,作者从正反两方面入手,对它的好处和坏处都进行了阐述。,4.,结尾句,并不是所有段落都需要一个结尾句,(,如记事的段落,),文章中间段落的结尾句也可以起承上启下的作用。结尾句可以是照应开头,也可以是总结全文。总之,不管用哪种方法,结尾都要做到“收束全篇,简洁有力,自然新颖”。,【,即时应用,】,请运用所学习的段落扩展方法,根据下列提示写一篇短文,说明“坐火车旅行比乘飞机旅行好”。并在所写的段落中标出主题句、扩展句。,1.,坐火车比乘飞机便宜。,2.,火车的速度比较慢,更有利于观光。,3.,坐火车旅行更安全。,要求,:,词数,100,个左右。,_,_,_,【,参考范文,】,I think train travel is better than plane travel(,主题句,).Firstly,train travel is rather cheap,but,travelling,by plane is too expensive to afford for most of us(,扩展句,1).Secondly,train travel offers more chances to enjoy beautiful scenery than plane travel does,although,travelling,by train is much slower than by,plane.If we have not anything urgent,why not relax ourselves by,travelling,while enjoying the lovely country scenery along the way(,扩展句,2)?Finally,train travel is safer.Since the train moves steadily,it is more safer to travel by train than by plane(,扩展句,3).,