语法：定语从句的翻译(研究生英语系列教程综合教程).ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit 1,定语从句的翻译,主要内容,定语从句,定语从句的翻译（,Unit1,，,Unit2,）,定语从句,什么是定语从句,先行词,关系词：关系代词，关系副词,种类：限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句,例句：,When I looked through the window,I saw a,girl,whose beauty,took my breath away.,（作主语）,Perhaps it is human to appreciate little,that which,we have and to long for,that which,we have not.,The writer and his novels,that,the article deals with are quite familiar to us.,These houses are sold at,such,a low price,as,people expected,The two companies were satisfied with this decision,as,was agreed beforehand.,（,as,引导非限定性定语从句可以放在句首，而,which,不可以）,The moon travels round the earth once every month,，,as,is known to,everybody.(,非限定性定语从句的谓语动词是被动语态时，只能用,as),比较：,She has married again,as,was expected.,She has married again,which,was unexpected.,正如所期盼的那样，她再婚了。,出人意料的是，她再婚了。,在英译汉中，定语从句的翻译方法：,前置法,后置法,定语从句的翻译（1）,研究生英语系列教程综合教程上,Unit-1,1.A man may usually be known by the books,he reads,as well as by the company,he keeps.,我们往往可以从一个人,所阅读的,书以及,所交往的,朋友去看他的为人。,2.But if you put down a book,you dont like,and try another till you find one,that means something to you,and then relax with it,you will almost certainly have a good time.,但是如果你把,自己觉得没劲的,书放下另换别的，直到发现一本,你认为有意思的,书，然后轻松地读下去，那么几乎可以肯定你会感到很快活的。,定语从句“,he reads”,，“,he keeps”,分别被译成带“的”的短语“所阅读的”，“所交往的”放在中心词前面。,这又是一个定语从句译成带“的”的短语放在中心词前面的例子。,3.The Westerner,who developed a farm,opened a shop,or set up in business as a trader,could hope to prosper only as his own community prospered and his community ran from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down to Mexico.,西部人经营农场，开设店铺，从事买卖,，只有当他自己的集体兴旺发达，他个人才有指望发家致富,而他的集体由大西洋延伸到太平洋，从加拿大直抵墨西哥。,4.His famous will,in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics,Chemistry,Physiology,Medicine,Literature and Peace,is a memorial to his interests and ideals.,他那著名的遗嘱是对他爱好和理想的纪念，,在遗嘱中他遗留下了钱，为在物理学，化学，生理学，医学，文学与和平方面的杰出成就提供奖金。,这个句子的定语从句内容较多，字数较长，放在中心词“西部人”后面，比放在前面更符合汉语的表达习惯。,这里，非限制性定语从句太长，翻译时处理成独立分句的形式放在句末。,5.People are still talking about the historic events of several years ago,when man took his first walk in space.,人们仍然在谈论几年前的历史性事件，,那时人类首次进行了太空行走。,6.They are looking for a city,where the standard of living is high and the cost of living is low.,他们要寻找一座城市，,在那里生活水准高，但是生活成本低。,7,.,They act mostly on suggestions from present members,of whom four are women.,他们大多听从现在成员的建议行事，,这些成员中有,4,人是女性。,非限制性定语从句译成短句放在被修饰词“几年前”后面，译文表达清晰流畅。,这里，,where,引导的定语从句较长，放在中心词,“city”,后面，符合汉语表达习惯。,非限制性定语从句处理成单句放在中心词后面，使译文顺畅。,8.If you are looking for fun and adventure,you might want to try the“Mystery Express”,which runs from New York to Montreal,Canada.,This trip interests people,who have always wanted to play a role in an Agatha Christie play or a Sherlock Holmes detective novel.,如果你想找乐子和冒险，你也许想要乘一下“神秘特快”,，,该车从纽约开往加拿大的蒙特利尔。那些总想在阿加莎克里斯蒂的剧本里或是在夏洛克福尔摩斯侦探小说中扮演一个角色的,人们对这趟旅行特别感兴趣。,这个句子的非限制性定语从句，译成了后置的独立短句，比处理成前置带的短语“,从纽约开往加拿大的蒙特利尔,的,神秘特快,”要简洁明了，而限制性定语从句虽然字数较多，意思却不复杂，译成前置带的短语修饰,“people”,，符合汉语表达习惯。,在英译汉中，定语从句的翻译方法：,融合法,转换法,定语从句的翻译（2）,研究生英语系列教程综合教程上,Unit-2,1.,融合法,定语从句的翻译（,2,）,原句中的主句部分,there is a man,翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。,1)There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.,楼下有人要见你。,2)In our factory,there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.,在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。,3)Being OK with risk is something that industry,demands.,企业要求员工能承受风险。,原句中的主句部分,there are many people,翻译成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。,与其将从句处理成带“的”的前置定语“接受风险是企业要求的东西”，或是后置的分句“承受风险，那是企业要求的”，都没有将主从句相融合译得更简洁紧凑。,2转换法,1)As hardworking as Dog was,he could not keep up with demand so his customers often had to wait a long time to be served.,尽管狗子工作非常努力，可他还是无法满足顾客们的需求，所以他们只能等很长时间。,上例英语定语从句被译成汉语的让步状语从句,。,2)He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily.,如果有人公然反抗世界公众舆论而一意孤行，他定是个鲁莽之徒。,3)I met your mother,who was doing shopping at the supermarket.,你母亲在超市买东西时，我遇见了她。,上例英语定语从句被译成汉语的条件状语从句,。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的时间状语从句,。,4)He insisted on building another house,which he had no use for.,他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。,5)He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.,为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。,6),I could not recognize her,who had changed so much in the past 10 years.,我几乎认不出她了，因为在过去10 年中，她变得太多了。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的让步状语从句,。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的目的状语从句,。,这里，将英语定语从句译成汉语的原因状语从句,。,Practical Translation,Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Pay particular attention to the adverbial clauses.,Paragraph One,“Business happens 24/7/365,which means that competition happens 24/7/365,as well,”says Haut.“One way,that companies win,is by getting there faster,which means,that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions,that support a business to move quickly,but you have to know how to decide where there is!This creates a requirement not only for people,who can act quickly,but for those,who can think fast,with the courage to act on their convictions.This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”,Unit1,Translation for Reference:,“一年,365,天，一周,7,天，一天,24,小时，生意始终在进行，,那意味着,一年,365,天，一周,7,天，一天,24,小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“,公司取胜的,方法之一就是要更快地到达目的地！,这就是说,，你不仅要把,所有能支持公司快速运转的,功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定目的地是哪里。这样，不仅对,那些行动快速的,人们，也对,那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的,人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。”,Unit1,Paragraph Two,Lastly,professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards.Most lawyers find self worth in setting an exampleboth within the profession and within the larger societyas ethical actors.When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers,who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings,it provides yet another form of compensation.,Unit1,Paragraph Two,最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。,对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼,的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。,Unit1,Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.,Paragraph One,The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high pricesno small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18 billion euros in 2002,a quarter of all tourist revenues.More and more restaurateurs say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits,and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff.They have become ensnarred in the red tape for which France is infamousnot to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie.,Unit2,Translation for Reference:,最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道,2002,年美食旅游为法国创收,180,亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的,1/4,。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。,Unit2,Paragraph Two,Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite,and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River.One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish,which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature.Many Chinese restaurants in China,as well as other parts of the world,serve this dish,but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou,capital of Zhejiang Province,which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.,Unit2,Translation for Reference:,浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。,Unit2,Thank,You!,