小学英语语法讲解、练习及答案.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,小学英语语法总结,名词复数规则,1,一般情况下，直接加,-s,，如：,book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds,2,以,s.x.sh.ch,结尾，加,-es,，,如：,bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches,3,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾，变,y,为,i,再加,-es,，,如：,family-families,strawberry-strawberries,4,以“,f,或,fe”,结尾，变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,-es,，,如：,knife-kni,ves,leaflea,ves,5,不规则名词复数：,man-men,woman-women,child-children,；,foot-feet,；,tooth-teeth;goose-geese,fish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,Englishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-Frenchmen,写出下列各词的复数,I _ him _ this _ her _,watch _ child _ photo _,day_ foot_ book_ dress _,tooth_ sheep _ box_ tea_,strawberry _diary _ rice_,thief _ you _peach _man_,woman_ paper_ juice_,milk_ sandwich _water_,we,them,these,them,watches,children,photos,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,diaries,strawberries,thieves,you,peaches,men,women,sandwiches,一 般 现 在 时,一般现在时的功能,:,1.,表示事物或人物的特征、状态。,如：,The sky is blue.,天空是蓝色的。,2.,表示经常性或习惯性的动作。,如：,I get up at six every day.,我天天六点起床。,3.,表示客观现实。,如：,The earth goes around the sun.,地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时的构成,:,be,动词,：,主语,+be(am,is,are)+,其它。,如：,I am a boy.,我是一个男孩。,2.,行为动词,：,主语,+,行为动词,+,其它。,如：,We study English.,我们学习英语。,当主语为第三人称单数,(he,she,it),时，要,在动词后加,“,-s,”,或,“,-es,”,如：,Mary likes Chinese.,玛丽喜欢汉语。,2.,行为动词的变化：,否定句,：,主语,+dont(doesnt)+,动词原形,+,其它。,如：,I dont like bread.,当主语为第三人称单数，用,doesnt,构成否定句,如：,He doesnt often play.,一般疑问句,：,Do(Does)+,主语,+,动词原形,+,其它？,如：,-Do you often play football?,-Yes,I do./No,I dont.,当主语为第三人称单数，要用,does,构成一般疑问句,如：,-Does she go to work by bike?,-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.,特殊疑问句,：,疑问词,+,一般疑问句？,如：,-How do you go to school?,-I go to school on foot.,动词 单数第三人称（简称：单三）的变化规则,:,1,一般情况下，直接加,s,如：,cook-cooks,milk-milks,2,以,s,x,sh,ch,o,结尾，加,es,如：,guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes,3,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾，变,y,为,i,再加,es,如：,study-studies,一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数,drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _,二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。,1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class One.3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6._ your parents _(read)newspapers,every day?7.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.8.She and I _(take)a walk together every,evening.,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,has,are,dont watch,doesnt go,Do,like,Do,read,teaches,take,三、按照要求改写句子,Daniel watches TV every evening.(,改为否定句,)_,I do my homework every day.(,改为一般疑问句，作否定回答,)_,She likes milk.(,改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答,)_,_,4.We go to school every morning.(,改为否定句,)_,Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day?,No,I dont.,Does she like milk?,Yes,she does.,We dont go to school every morning.,五、改错,(,划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上,)1.Isyour brother speak English?,_2.Does he likes going fishing?,_3.He likes play games after class.,_4.Mr.Wu teachs us English.,_5.She dont do her homework on Sundays.,_,Does,_,_,like,playing/to play,_,teaches,_,doesnt,_,现在进行时,1,、现在进行时,用法,:,现在正在进行或发生的动作，,当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。,2,、现在进行时的,肯定句：,be+V-ing.,3,、现在进行时的,否定句：,be+not,。,4,、现在进行时的,一般疑问句：,be,句首。,5,、现在进行时的,特殊疑问句：,疑问词,+be,动词,+,主语,+doing+,其它？,疑问词当主语时其结构为：,疑问词,+,be,动词,+doing+,其它,?,动词,+ing,的变化规则,:,1,一般情况下，直接 加,ing,，,如：,cook-cooking,2,以不发音的,e,结尾，去,e,加,ing,，,如：,make-making,taste-tasting,3,假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，,双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,ing,如：,run-running,stop-stopping,现在进行时专项练习：,一、写出下列动词的现在分词：,run _ swim _ make_,begin_ go _ like _,write _ shop _ have_,sing_ dance _ put _,see _ love _ live _,take _ come _get _,stop _ sit _ smoke_,running,swimming,making,beginning,going,liking,writing,shopping,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,smoking,二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：,1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.,2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the,classroom.,3.My mother _(cook)some nice foodnow.,4.What _ you _(do)now?,5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are,doing,are having,三、句型转换：,They are doing housework.,(,分别改成一般疑问句和否定句,)_,2,The students are cleaning the classroom.,(,改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答,)_,Are they doing housework?,They arent doing housework.,Are the students cleaning the classroom?,Yes,they are.,No,they arent.,一 般 将 来 时,一、概念,：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及,打算、计划或预备做某事。,句中一般有以下时间状语：,tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,the day after tomorrow,等。,二、基本结构,：,be going to do,；,will be/do.,三、否定句,：,be going to do be not going to do,will be/do wont be/do,例如：,Im going to have a picnic this afternoon.,Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.,I will go to Beijing next month.,I wont go to Beijing next month.,四、一般疑问句,：,be,或,will,提到句首,;,如果有,some,，改为,any;,如果有,and,，改为,or,；,第一二人称互换。,例如：,We are going to go on an outing this weekend.,Are you going to go on an outing this weekend.,五、对划线部分提问,。,一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有,三种情况,:,1,、问人。,(Who),例如：,I,m going to New York soon.,Who,s going to New York soon.,2,、问干什么。,(What do),例如：,My father is going to,watch a race,with me,this afternoon.,What,is your father going to,do,with you,this afternoon.,3,、问什么时候。,(When),例如：,Shes going to go to bed,at nine,.,When,is she going to bed?,六、,be going to,与,will,：,一般情况下可以互换：,I am going to go swimming tomorrow.,=I will go swimming tomorrow.,区别：,A,、,begoingto,表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，,will,表示的将来时间则较远一些,Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.,Hewillwriteabookoneday.,B,、,begoingto,表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，,will,表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。,Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.,Hewillbetwentyyearsold.,C,、,begoingto,表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，,will,表示客观上将来势必发生的事情,Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.,Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.,D,、,begoingto,含有“计划，准备”的意思，,will,则没有这个意思,Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.,Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.,E,、在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用,begoingto,而多,用,will,Ifanybeastscomeatyou,Illstaywithyouandhelp,you.,will,和,begoingto,的选用原则,关于“打算”：,原先作好的打算用“,be goingto”,“,Kate is,inhospital,.”,“凯特在住院。”,“,Yes,Iknow.Iamgoingtoseeherthisafternoon.”,“是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。”,说话时即时的打算用“,will”,“,Kateisinhospital.”,“凯特在住院。”,“,Oh,really,Ididnt know.Iwillgoandseeher,atonce,.”,“,哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”,in hospital,住院,in the hospital,在医院里,立刻，马上,2.,关于“预料”：,在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“,begoingto”,；,Lookattheclouds.Its goingtorain.,你看天上的云。快下雨了。,MyGod!Wearegoingtocrash.,天哪！我们快撞车了。,在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“,will,或,begoingto”,皆可；,Ithinktheweatherwillbenice.,我想天会晴朗。,=Ithinktheweatherisgoingtobenice.,当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“,will”,。,IthinkshewilllikethecakeImadeforher.,我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。,练习：填空。,1.,我打算明天和朋友去野炊。,I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.,2.,下个星期一你打算去干嘛,?,我想去打篮球。,What _ _ _ _ _next Monday?,I _ _ _ play basketball.(,同义句,),3.,你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。,_ your mother _ _ go shopping this,_?,Yes,she _.She _ _ _ buy some fruit.,4.,你们打算什么时候见面,?,What time _ you _ _ meet?,am,going,to,will,are,you,going,to,do,am,going,to,Is,going,to,weekend,is,is,going,to,are,going,to,用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.Today is a sunny day.We _,(have)a picnic this afternoon.,2.My brother _(go)to Shanghai next week.,3.Tom often _(go)to school on foot.But today is rainy.He _(go)to school by bike.,4.What do you usually do at weekends?I usually,_(watch)TV and _(catch),insects?,5.Its Friday today.What _she _(do),this weekend?She _(watch)TV,and _(catch)insects.,are going to have,is going,goes,will go,watch,catch,is,going to do,is going to watch,catch,一般过去时,1,功能：,表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。,表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。,2,谓语动词是,be,动词时，,be,的变化：,am,和,is,在一般过去时中变为,was,。（,was not=wasnt,）,are,在一般过去时中变为,were,。（,were not=werent,）,3,谓语动词是其他实意动词时，动词变过去式，否定和,疑问借用助动词,did,如：,I went to school at 8 oclock yesterday.,Jim didnt go home yesterday.,Did Jim go home yesterday.,动词过去式变化规则：,1,一般在动词末尾加,-ed,，如：,work-worked,2,结尾是,e,加,d,，如：,live-lived,3,重读的“辅,元,辅”结构（末尾只有一个元音,字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节），双写,末尾的辅音字母，再加,-ed,如：,s,top,-sto,pp,ed,，,be,gin,-begi,nn,ing,/b,gn,/,4,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾的，变,y,为,i,，再加,-ed,，,如：,study-studied,5,不规则动词过去式：,am/is-was,eat-ate,are-were,take-took,do-did,run-ran,see-saw,sing-sang,say-said,put-put,give-gave,make-made,get-got,read-read,go-went,write-wrote,come-came,draw-drew,have-had,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat,一、用动词的适当形式填空,1.It _(be)Bens birthday last Friday.2.We all _(have)a good time last night.3.He _(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen _(milk)a cow on Friday.5.She likes _ newspapers,but she,_a book yesterday.(read)6._ they _(sweep)the floor on,Sunday?No,they _.7.I _(watch)a cartoon on Monday.,was,had,jumped,milked,reading,read,Did,sweep,didnt,watched,形容词和副词,形容词：,是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质、,特征或属性一种词类。,它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。,形容词和副词的概念,副词：,是用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词。,副词在句中多作状语。,形容词和副词的用法,形容词,作定语,一般放在被修饰 的,名词之前,。,如,:,a,new,book,two,big,trees,等,。,形容词,作表语,放在,系动词,be,、,look,、,get,、,keep,、,turn,、,feel,、,become,、,seem,、,grow,、,smell,等,之后,。,如,:,1,.I am,short,.,2,.She looks,fine,.,3,.They turn,green,.,如果,形容词,修饰,不定代词,something,anything,everything,nothing,等时,，,要放在不定代词后面,。,如,:,something,interesting,，,nothing,new,副词,放在所修饰的,be,动词之后,、,行为动词之前,；,形容词和副 词之前,。,如,:,1.She works,hard,.,（修饰动词）,2.I am,very,busy.,（修饰形容词）,3.He runs,too,quickly.,（修饰副词）,4.We play,happily,.,（修饰动词）,通常在,形容词后,加,-ly,变成副词。,slow _ real _,usual _ careful_,easy _ happy _,heavy _ angry _,slow,ly,usual,ly,eas,ily,heav,ily,real,ly,careful,ly,happ,ily,angr,ily,形容词和副词的级,一、形容词的比较级和最高级,形容词和副词有三个等级：,原级、比较级、最高级,1.,原级：,即形容词和副词的原形。,small,good,pretty,big,many,hard,happily,slowly,quickly,程度副词,very,too,so,quite,等修饰形容,词和副词的,原级,。,如：,very tall,、,too hot,、,so cold,quite interesting,、,run,quickly,asas,(,与,一样）；,not as,（,so)as,（与,不一样）,的中间用原级,。,The story is,as,interesting,as,that one.,The question is,not as/so,difficult,as,that one.,2.,比较级：,两个,人或物之间的比较,表示,“较,”,或“更,一些”,标志词,：,than,(,比,),构成：,A.,单音节词通常是,-er,结尾；,B.,多音节或部分双音节词通常在之前,加,more.,3.,最高级：,三个或三个以上,的人或物之间 的比较。,表示“最,”,的意思。,标志词,：,in+,大范围；,of all,；,of+the+,具体的数字,单音节词通常是,-est,结尾；多音节或部分双音节,词通常在之前加,most.,在形容词的最高级前必须加,the,;,副词之前可以不加。,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式,一、规则变化,二、不规则变化,：,good/well ,bad/badly/ill ,many/much ,little ,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,old ,far ,older/elder,oldest/eldest,farthest/furthest,farther/further,important,_ _,easy_ _,wet_ _,happy_ _,careful _ _,thin _ _,good_ _,hot _ _,easily _ _,many_ _,nice _ _,big _ _,heavy_ _,delicious_ _,much_ _,给出下列词的比较级和最高级,more important,most important,easier,easiest,wetter,wettest,happiest,happier,more careful,1,、形容词比较级在句子中的运用,：,两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面,一般带有单词,than,。,比较级前面可以用,more,a little,来修饰表示,程度。,than,后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。,2,形容词比较级的规则变化：,一般在词尾加,er,；,以字母,e,结尾，加,r,；“辅,元,辅”结构，应双写末尾的辅音字母，,再加,er,；,以“辅音字母,+y”,结尾，先把,y,变,i,，再加,er,。,3,、不规则形容词比较级：,good/well-better,bad/ill-worse,little-less,old-older/elder,many/much-more,二、副词的比较级,1,形容词与副词的区别,(,有,be,用形，有形用,be,；,有动用副，有副用动,),在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或,be,动词,之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后,2,副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相,同,(,不规则变化：,well-better,，,far-farther,一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级,short_ strong_ big _,small_ fat_ thin _heavy_ light _ nice _ good_ beautiful_low_ high_ slow_,fast _ late _ early _ far_ well_,二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：,1.My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Tom is as _(fat)as Jim.3.Is your sister _(young)than you?,Yes,she is.4.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.,5._Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?,Yes,she _.,6.Fangfang is not as _(tall)as the other girls.,7.My eyes are _(big)than _(she).,8.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?,9._the girls get up _(early)than the boys?,No,they_.,三、翻译句子：,1,、谁比,Jim,年纪大？是你。,_ is _than Jim,？,_ are.2.,我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。,I like _.All my_ _than me.,3.,谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。,_pencil is _,_or _,？,_is,I think.4.,我母亲比我父亲年纪小。,My_ _ _than my _.,5.,多做运动，你会更强壮。,_ more exercise,youll _soon.,There be,句型与,have,has,的区别,1,、,There be,句型表示：在某地有,某人,/,物,2,、在,there be,句型中，主语是单数，,be,动词用,is;,主语,是复数，,be,动词用,are;,如有几件物品，,be,动词根据,最近,be,动词的那个名词决定,(,就近原则,),。,3,、,there be,句型的否定句在,be,动词后加,not,一般疑问,句把,be,动词调到句首。,4,、,there be,句型与,have(has),的区别：,there be,表示在,某地有某人,/,物；,have(has),表示某人拥有某物。,5,、,some,和,any,在,there be,句型中的运用,some,用,于肯定句,，,any,用于否定句或疑问句。,6,、,and,和,or,在,there be,句型中的运用：,and,用于,肯定句,or,用于否定句或疑问句。,7,、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：,How many+,名词复数,+are there+,介词短语？,How much+,不可数名词,+is there+,介词短语？,8,、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：,Whats+,介词短语,Fill in the blank with“have,has”or“there is,there are”,1.I _ a good father and a good mother.,2._a telescope on the desk.,3.He_ a tape-recorder.,4._a basketball in the playground.,5.She_ some dresses.,人称代词和物主代词,1,、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：,主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位,于,than,之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。,2,、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：,形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单,独使用，后面不带名词。,人称代词和物主代词,主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性,I me my mine,you you your yours,he him his his,she her her hers,it it its its,we us our ours,they them their theirs,用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.That is not _kite.That kite is very small,but _is very big.(I),2.The dress is _.Give it to _(she).,3._is my brother._ name is Jack.Look!,Those stamps are_(he).,4.I can find my toy,but wheres _?(you),5.Show _ your kite,OK?(they),用,am,，,is,，,are,填空。,1.That _ my red skirt.,2.Who _ I?,3.The jeans _ on the desk.,4.The black gloves _for Su Yang.,5.This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling.,6.The two cups of milk _ for me.,7.Some tea _ in the glass.,