同济医学英语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Lesson Three,*,Lesson Three,Disease And Its Manifestations,I.Words and Expressions,1,Lesson Three,Latin plural forms:,pathogenesis,diagnosis,sclerosis,paralysis,necrosis -is -es glumerulus glumeruli,Word formation,usage and meaning:,manifest -ation the act of doing or being done;sth.done,general -ize -ation,over-simple -ify -ication,tender -ness,2,Lesson Three,morpho-logic,patho-physio-logic,word stem+-(o)logy -(o)logist,-(o)logic(al)-(o)logically,de-form -ity,de-form -ed,inter-cell -ular,microbe-microorganism,organism,disturb-ance dis-order,hyper-plasia,neo-plasia neo-plasm,3,Lesson Three,II.Language Points in the Text,L.,行,.,段,P.,页,The title of the text:,Disease And Its,(Clinical),Manifestations,疾病及其临床表现,4,Lesson Three,Words and phrases:,.1,pathology 病理学,etiology 病因学,.,2,findings 检查所见,调查结果,研究结果,clusters of findings 症候群,set of findings 症候群 syndrome,constellation 综合表现 综合症,leakage of protein into the urine 蛋白尿,low serum protein 低蛋白血症,5,Lesson Three,fibrous connective tissue 纤维结缔组织,.7,stimulus(pl.stimuli)刺激,stimulation,stimulate,benign 良性的,malignant 恶性的,.8,functional disease 机能病，官能病,onset 发病,发作,secondary 继发性的,.9,tension headache 紧张性头疼,functional bowel syndrome 机能性腹泻,autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统,8,Lesson Three,L.2,.1,P.11,minor major,that are,of no importance,(not important),variation C marked difference or deviation from the normal or recognized form,function,or structure 变异,e.g.antigenic variation 抗原性变异,inborn variation 先天变异,genetic variation 遗传变异,acquired variation 获得性变异,9,Lesson Three,L.8,.1;L.4,.3;L.1,.3;L.7,.3:,refer,be referred to as be known as,be called,refer to speak of;mention;concern;,be directed towards(sth.or sb.)e.g.,This author begins by referring to the early history of India.,refer to e.g.,The doctor referred the patient to a specialist.,The pain of appendicitis may be referred to any region of the abdomen.阑尾炎的疼痛在腹部的任何部位可以有牵连性同感。,10,Lesson Three,L.1,.2,assign to(for)give,name,or fix as a time,place,reason,etc.e.g.,We assigned a day in July for the performance.,apply use,employ,L.6,.2,in terms of with regard to,as far as sth./sb.is concerned e.g.,In terms of natural resources its one of the profitable countries in Asia.,11,Lesson Three,seen with the naked eye,L.3,.2,P12 Note 1,The term,lesions,is most often used,in reference to,morphologic change,whether it be,at the gross,(naked eye),microscopic,or electron microscopic level.,to refer to,Whether,e.g.Whether he is sitting or lying,he,feels the pain in the leg.,Unless one identifies the cause of the heart failure,be it structural or functional,and corrects it as far,as possible the patient wont be much better off.,除非找出心衰的原因（不管是器质性的还是功能,性的）并可能给予校正，否则病人的病情不会,有显著的改善。,12,Lesson Three,L.10,.4,P12,myriads of a variety of,L.2-4,.5,P12,population all of the people inhabiting a specified area;the total number of such people(全体)居民;人口(数字);群体,群;族,组,that,which has been lost.,beyond normal abnormal,L.4,.1,P13,is synonymous with is a synonym for,13,Lesson Three,III.Translation from English into Chinese,L.3,.1,P11,Pathology not only includes the study of basic structural and functional changes associated with a disease,but also includes the study of causes that lead to the structural and functional changes and the manifestations that result from them.,病理学不仅包括与疾病有关的基础结构和功能变,化的研究，而且涉及导致这些结构和功能变化,的原因，以及由此产生的临床表现。,14,Lesson Three,L.3,.2,P11,Assigning this name implies that the illness will,follow,a course similar to that of other patients with the same disease,确定这个病名意味着这种疾病将经历一个病程，和患有同样病的其他病人的病程相类似。,（确定这个病名意味着该病将沿着与患有相同疾病的其他病人类似的病程发展下去。）,follow go after sb./sth.go along/through the,course (here:advance along),15,Lesson Three,L.1,.2,P12,Structural diseases are those diseases,characterized by,structural changes within the body,as,the most basic abnormality.,结构性疾病是其特征以体内结构变化为最基本异常的那些疾病。,（结构性疾病是以体内结构变化这一最基本异常为特征的那些疾病）,be characterized by to be a distinctive trait or mark,of 辨别成为区别性特征或标记;以为特征,characterize as to describe the qualities or,peculiarities of 描述的性质或特性,16,Lesson Three,acquired at birth or during uterine development,as a result of either hereditary or environmental influences,abnormalities,L.3,.3,P12,The range of abnormalities in this category is very broad,extending from deformities present at birth(,congenital anomalies,)to biochemical changes caused by genes but influenced by environment so they appear later in life,e.g.diabetes mellitus.,这一类别中的异常范围很广，从出生时的畸形（先天性异常）直到由基因引起、但受环境影响因而要到后来才表现出来的生化变化，如糖尿病。,17,Lesson Three,foreign objects;foreign substances,factors,L.1,.4,P12,Acquired injuries and inflammatory diseases,are diseases due to internal or external forces or,agents,that destroy cells or intercellular substances,deposit abnormal substances(,foreign,bodies,or materials produced by the body),or cause the body to injure itself by means of the inflammatory process.,获得性损伤和炎症性疾病,，是由内部或外部的力或因子破坏细胞或细胞间的物质、使异常物质（异物或体内产生的物质）沉积、或通过炎症过程使机体损伤自身所致的疾病。,18,Lesson Three,the direct effects of injury are referred to as,如损伤部位的细胞被杀死，损伤的直接结果则称为,坏死,；如损伤的细胞能够恢复，（损伤的直接结果）则称为亚致死性细胞损伤,L.6,.4,P12,The direct effects of injury are referred to as,necrosis,if cells are killed in the injured area and,sublethal cell injury,if the injured cells are capable of recovery.,19,Lesson Three,to undergo gradual change;develop,L.4,.1,P13,The situation is made more complicated by certain types of hyperplasias that slowly evolve,presumably through a series of genetic changes induced by external agents,into malignant neoplasms.,L.4,.1,P13,The situation is made more complicated by certain types of hyperplasias that slowly,evolve,presumably through a series of genetic changes induced by external agents,into,malignant neoplasms.,某些类型的增生可能通过由外部因素诱发的一系列基因变化而缓慢演化成恶性肿瘤，使情况变得更加复杂了。,20,Lesson Three,L.2,.3,P13,The more mental illnesses are,investigated,the more it is,appreciated,that there is likely to be an organic basis(on a biochemical level)to many of them.,appreciate vt.to be fully aware of,to realize;to be thankful or show gratitude for;to admire greatly,to value,to observe or inquire into in detail,对精神病调查研究越多，就越意识到其中许多都可能有器质性原因（在生化水平上）。,21,Lesson Three,The End,22,Lesson Three,