电大学位英语考试虚拟语气.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,虚 拟 语 气,语气是以动词的形式表现出来的语法特征，它表示说话人对所说事物的态度。英语的语气有三种：,1、陈述语气,e.g.He is very careful.,2、祈使语气,e.g.Be more careful next time.,3、虚拟语气,e.g.I wish you were more careful.,If you had come earlier,you would have met him.,10/18/2026,1,虚拟语气是谓语表示假设、主观愿望、建议、劝告、命令等意义的特殊形式。一般分为两大类：,1、以 if 为非真实条件句。其表现形式为：,（1）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,If 从句 主句,动词形式为一般过去时 should/would +动词原形,e.g.If he,had,more time now,he,would lend,his help to the work.,10/18/2026,2,（2）与过去事实相反,If 从句 主句,动词的谓语形式为had+过去分词 should/would+have,+过去分词,e.g.If he,had had,more time before,he,would have,lent,his help to the work.,(3)与将来事实相反,If 从句 主句,were to/should+动词原形 should/would+动词原形,e.g.If he,were to have,/,should have,/,have,more time tomorrow,he,would lend,his help to the work.,10/18/2026,3,在条件从句中，如假设的条件不能符合将来实际情况，从句谓语可用动词过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形。这时须注意：should用于各个人称，无论哪种人称都不用would.如：,误：,If I would see him tomorrow,I would,give the note to him.,正：If I should(were to)see him tomorrow,I would give the note to him.,10/18/2026,4,省略,If 的,虚拟条件句:,如果,If,虚拟条件句中有,should,had 或 were 时,if可以省略，但从句中主谓要倒装。如：,If it were to snow tomorrow,we would be very happy.,=Were it to snow tomorrow,we would be very happy.,10/18/2026,5,错综虚拟语气:,有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，叫作错综（也称混合）虚拟语气。它要求主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。,例如：,If she had followed the doctors advice,she would be quite all right now.,(从句说明过去，主句说明现在),10/18/2026,6,含蓄虚拟语气结构:,有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而隐含在某些介词短语（如 without,but for等）或上下文里，这种句子要用含蓄虚拟结构。,如:But for your help,we wouldnt have succeeded.,要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功了。,（隐含条件是 But for your help=Without your help）,I would not have done it.,我是不会做那件事的。,（条件隐含在上下文里，此句可能含if I were you）,10/18/2026,7,在主语从句中:,虚拟语气用,should+,动词原形或只用动词原形。这种主语从句由连词,that,所引导，常用在以下两个句型中：,1)It is(was)important(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)that,如：It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist.,It is quite natural that he(should)think so.,2)It is(was)suggested(requested,required,ordered,proposed,decided,ect.)that,如：It is required that you(should)arrive at 8 a.m.,It is decided that all members(should)be present.,10/18/2026,8,在宾语从句中:,1)在,wish,后的从句中，谓语可按时间情况，采用适当的虚拟结构。如：,I wish I,could fly,to the moon in a spaceship one day.,(,将来虚拟,),I wish I,were,now in Australia.(现在虚拟),I wish I,hadnt known,you before.(过去虚拟),注 wish 之后 that 常省略。,表示将来虚拟时，wish 之后只能用 could 或would,而不可用should.,10/18/2026,9,2)在would rather后的宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来要做的事情。如果谈到过去的动作，则用过去完成时。,如：Dont come tomorrow.I,d rather,you,came,next weekend.明天别来，我希望你下周末来。,I,would rather,you,went,home now.,我愿意让你现在就回家。,I,d rather,you,hadnt done,that.,我真希望你没做过那件事。,注would rather之后的that必须省去。,10/18/2026,10,3)在表示决定和主张的动词如 decide 和 insist 后面的宾语从句中；表示要求、建议和命令的动词如demand,desire,require,request,propose,suggest,command,order 等后面的宾语从句中，谓语习惯上用“（should）+动词原形”的虚拟结构。,如：,I,insist,that a doctor,be sent,for immediately.,They,require,that I,(should)go,at once.,The doctor,suggested,that she,not smoke,.,10/18/2026,11,在定语从句中:,这种从句常用在It is time(that)句型中。从句中的谓语动词一般用“过去式或（should/ought to）+动词原形”等虚拟结构,如：Its time I,ought to leave,now.,Its time(that)we,should start,.,Its time we,went,to bed.,10/18/2026,12,含有责备语气的虚拟结构：,1)should(或ought to)+have+过去分词,表示：“过去应该做而未做到”，该结构的否定式表示:“过去不该做的事而做了”。,如：,I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I,should have written it out.,The young man has made so much noise that he,ought not to have been allowed to attend the concert.,10/18/2026,13,2)neednt+have+过去分词,表示:“做了不必要做的事情”。如：,You neednt have watered the flowers this morning.,3)might(不用may)+have+过去分词,表示:“本应该做而不曾做”。如：,He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy.,4)could(不用can)+have+过去分词,表示:“本能够做而实际上未做”。如：,We could have walked to the station;its so near.,10/18/2026,14,Exercises:,1.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.,A.did come B.came C.has come D.had come,2._for the free tickets,I would not have gone to,the films so often.,A.If it is not B.Were it not,C.Had it not been D.If they have not,3.Our teacher insisted that we _in class.,A.not talk B.dont talk,C.could not talk D.should not talk,10/18/2026,15,4.It is suggested that the experiment _made in,another way.,A.be B.must be,C.may be D.would be,5.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she_something she would regret later.,A.had said B.said,C.might say D.might have said,10/18/2026,16,6.I set the child alone and he got lost.,-You _with him.,A.should go B.should have gone,C.must go D.would have gone,7.Its time you _home and Id rather you _again tomorrow.,A.should go;will come B.went;came,C.were going;would come D.go;were coming,8.We _here so early because the conference has been put off.,A.neednt have come B.mustnt come,C.neednt come D.mustnt have come,10/18/2026,17,9.You _the work earlier,but you didnt.,A.may have finished B.might finish,C.may finish D.might have finished,10.Without your help,I _the exam.,A.would fail B.would not pass,C.would not have failed D.would not have passed,1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.D,6.B 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D,10/18/2026,18,