IELTS雅思小作文写作技巧.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,IELTS Writing Skills,Presented by:Wang Lijuan,23/02/2012,Introduction to Academic Test One:,Report Writing,Requirements,Describe the data,Use formal language,150 words,20 minutes,Types of Charts,Bar Chart,(,条形图,),Pie Chart,(,圆形分析图,),Line Chart,(,曲线图,),Table of Figures,(,数据表,),1960,1970,1980,1990,1356,1496,1495,1568,1524,1647,1992,1884,1326,1397,1220,1008,1466,1520,1564-,1312,1777,1756,1700,1626,1212,1210,1210,1212,Assessment Criteria,Task fulfillment,(,完成要求情况,),Coherence and cohesion,(,统一性和连贯性,),Vocabulary and sentence structure,(,词汇和句型,),Layout of A Report,Introduction,Introduce the topic and give a brief overview of the findings.,Main body,Describe the findings after you have analyzed the data.,Conclusion,Briefly summarize the findings.,Unit 1 Task Fulfillment,The chart below shows the average earnings per week,in pounds sterling,of people of different levels of education living in the UK between the years 1965 and 1995.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information.,1.1 Analyzing the Data,Average Earnings Per Week,Rewrite,the data to make it easier to review.,Year,H.S.,certificate,Bachelor,degree,Master,degree,Doctor,degree,1965,40,85,90,95,1975,55,110,115,120,1985,85,140,150,150,1995,125,145,160,165,Example,Looking For,Expectations,Unexpected Findings,and,Trends,How to analyze the data?,An increase in earnings over the thirty-year period.,The higher a persons education,the greater will be their earnings.,Expectations,Unexpected Findings,1.The difference in earnings of people with different levels of education is very small.,2.In 1985,people with a Masters degree enjoyed the same average earnings as people with a Doctoral degree.,3.The biggest change occurred in the period 1985 to 1995,when high school graduates enjoyed the greatest increase in earnings.,4.During the same period,people with a Bachelors degree increased their earnings by the least amount.,Trends,1.There was an overall increase in earnings across the board.,2.Over the thirty-year period,there was a big increase in earnings amongst people with high school certificates(85).,3.There was a gradual increase in earning amongst people with a university degree.,4.The increase in earnings for the whole period was less for people with a Bachelors degree(60)than for people with a Masters or Doctoral degree(70).,Dont simply list the changes that took place.,Explain,how the changes happened,compared to other data in the chart.,Look for differences,between,the categories and,within,the categories.,1.2 Developing your ideas,Comparing And Contrasting The Data,Compared to,Example:,Compared to,high school leavers,university graduates earned a high salary in 1965.,In contrast,Example:,In 1965,people with a Masters or a Doctoral degree only earned slightly more than people with a Bachelors degree.,In contrast,however,university graduates earned far more than school leavers(,中学毕业生,).,Significant difference,Example:,Between 1965 and 1985,there was a,significant difference,in the earnings between high school leavers and university graduates.,Level out,(,使变得水平；持平,),Example:,In 1985,earnings,leveled out,amongst people with a Masters degree and with a Doctoral degree.,Remain steady,Example:,Earnings amongst university graduates,remained fairly steady,after 1985.,Slightly more/less,Example:,Earning for people with a Bachelors degree was,slightly less,than people with a Masters or Doctoral degree.,Gradual increase/decline,Example:,There was a,gradual increase,in earning amongst people with a university degree.,Steady increase/decrease,Example:,There was a,steady increase,in earnings for people who held a Doctoral degree between the years 1965 and 1995.,Significant increase/decrease,Example:,There was a,significant increase,in earnings amongst people with a Bachelors degree between 1965 and 1975.,Diminish(decrease),Example:,The difference in earnings between high school leavers and university graduates,diminished,after 1995.,Rise/Drop sharply,Example:,Earnings in general,rose sharply,between 1965 and 1995.,Relatively,Example:,Earnings between people with different levels of education is,relatively,small.,Include as much information as possible.,Do Not include irrelevant information.,1.3 Writing the main body,Look at the,trends,and,unexpected findings,.,Compare,and,contrast,the findings,Take one sub-topic,Look for any changes that took place,How to Compare and Contrast the Data,Year,H.S.,certificate,Bachelor,degree,Master,degree,Doctor,degree,1965,40,85,90,95,1975,55,110,115,120,1985,85,140,150,150,1995,125,145,160,165,Example,1.There was an overall increase in earnings across the board.,2.,The difference in earnings of people with different levels of education is very small.,A comparison of overall earnings,4.The biggest change occurred in the period 1985 to 1995,when high school graduates enjoyed the greatest increase in earnings.,A comparison of school leavers salaries,3.Over the thirty-year period,there was a big increase in earnings amongst people with high school certificates(85).,5.There was a gradual increase in earnings amongst people with a university degree.,6.The increase in earnings for the whole period was less for people with a Bachelors degree(60)than for people with a Masters or Doctoral degree(70).,A comparison of university graduates earnings,7.In 1985,people with a Masters degree enjoyed the same average earnings as people with a Doctoral degree.,8.During the same period,people with a Bachelors degree increased their earnings by the least amount during the overall thirty-year period.,A comparison of people holding Masters degrees with people holding doctoral degrees,Unit 2 Writing the Introduction,and Conclusion,Introduction,Introduce the topic,Conclusion,Summary of the main findings,2.1 Writing the Introduction,Organizing the information,The topic is:,Example,Average earnings in UK.,Example Introduction,The chart shows average earnings in the UK over a thirty-year period,from 1965 to 1995.,Look at the analysis you made of the data and underline the,main findings,.,2.2 Writing the Conclusion,Finding1:,The higher peoples education,the more they earned.,Finding 2:,The differences,were very small.,Finding 3:,High school leavers enjoyed the biggest salary increase.,Example,Example Conclusion,While peoples earnings increased according to their level of education,the differences are far smaller.Whats more surprising,however,is that the increase in earnings amongst high school leavers was far higher than the earnings for university graduates.,Analysis Of The Conclusion,While peoples earnings increased according to their level of education,the differences were far smaller.,A summary of findings one and two.,Whats more surprising,however,is that the increase in earnings amongst high school leavers was far higher than the earnings for university graduates.,A summary of finding three.,Example Report,The chart shows average earnings in the UK over a thirty-year period,from 1965 to 1995.,Introduction,The greatest increases were amongst high school leavers,whose average earnings rose sharply from 40 per week in 1965,to 125 per week thirty years later;and from 85 per week in 1985,to 125 in 1995.,People holding a Bachelors degree only managed a modest increase of 5per week reaching a level of 145 in 1995.People at Masters and Doctor degree level faired slightly better,with an average increase in earnings of 10 and 15 per week respectively:from 150 to 160 for Masters,and 150 to 165 for PhD.s.,Main Body,The greatest overall increase in earnings,however,was during the period 1975 to 1985,when every category of employee increased their earnings by at least 30 per week.,Overall,the earnings amongst high school leavers were much higher than the earnings for university graduates,whilst the difference of earnings between people of different education levels was far smaller.,Conclusion,