高中英语易混词汇辨析.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高中英语易混词汇辨析（一）,原创,a bit,a little,肯定句中，表“一点”，两者可互换。但否认式意义不一样：not a bit=not at all一点也不；not a little=very很、非常。,-Would you mind my opening the window?-_.,A.not a bit B.Yes,not a little C.Yes,help yourself D.Never mind,答案(A),ability,capacity,capability,ability 指人们既有的能力、学习能力或技能。,capacity指容纳能力、容量。,capability指实际能力或潜在能力。,The premier is a man of immense _.,Chinas nuclear _ is only for defence purpose.,My teacher has the _ to speak three foreign languages.,(capacity;capability;ability),above all,first of all,at all,after all,after all意为“要懂得，别忘了”时，位于句首，用来阐明或提醒对方，引出对方似乎忘掉了的某个重要论点或理由。意为“虽然，但毕竟”之意时，位于句末，表和预期的状况相反，说话人有转折之意。,above all 指“首先，最重要的是”，阐明事物的重要性。,first of all“首先，第一”，阐明事物的排列次序或优先程度。,at all与not连用时意为“一点也不”，用于疑问/肯定/条件句时，意为“真的，确实”。,We mustnt waste anything and _ we mustnt waste time in our life.,In my opinion,you shouldnt blame him,_ he is only a child.,Do you know the answer _?,Stephen Chow is a successful director,but _ he is an excellent actor.,(above all;after all;at all;first of all,accept,receive,accept 一般指通过考虑后接受某物或某事；但有时也指“承认”，而非明确地“同意”。receive 仅指客观地收到某物，或他人所说、所写的东西。,I received her invitation,but I havent decided whether to accept it or not.,accomplish,achieve,fulfill,finish完毕,accomplish指为执行某种计划或到达某种目的而努力地、坚持不懈地工作。,achieve含越过重重障碍去完毕值得去做的事，或重要的事。,fulfill指完全实现人们所期望/规定做的事。,As a person,I should _ my promise.,The soldiers sent to Indonesia have to _ the mission.,What we do is to _ lasting peace.,(fulfil;accomplish;achieve),ache,pain,suffering,ache指一种持续的隐隐之痛，常表人体局部疼痛,可与表痛的部位的名词连用。,She often suffers from headache/toothache/backache/stomachache.,pain指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛，常指严重的伤痛或悲伤。表辛劳、努力时用复数。Doctor,Ive got a pain here.,suffering指一段时间内，精神和肉体上的痛苦。,The parents caused Little Tom great mental suffering by divorce.,hurt vi.表肉体指肉体和精神上具有一定程度的疼痛。vt.受伤,My left leg is broken.It really hurts.,act,action,deed,act指“行为”时，指一时的简朴动作，尤其强调行动的过程；有时也指由一种人或一群人来完毕，不受动机，自然和成果的限制。常用短语有：act as“担任”，指代为行使某人的权力，而不任命为某职；“饰演”。act for“担任”，指完全替代某人的职位。,action意为“行动”时，指一段时间的延续行为，由简朴动作构成的复杂动作。常用短语有：take action 采用行动；in action在活动中。,deed有时可指不管大小、好坏的行为，但多数状况下指需要高度的勇气、智慧、力量或技巧才能完毕的行为；如：a heroic deed英雄行为。,Helping a blind man across the road is an _ of kindness.,The machine is not in _.,I _ him as he was busy.,(act;action;acted as),address,speech,lecture,address指正式的精心准备的发言。,speech是一般字眼，可以是有准备的，也可是即席刊登的发言。,lecture指经仔细准备的发言，意在给听众信息或教导。,The chairman is about to _ the meeting in a minute.,The professor is preparing a _ to a college class.,(address;lecture),alive,live,living,lively,alive“活着的，还出气的”，作表语或后置定语。,When he reached the hospital,his grandpa was still alive.,live“活的，有生命的”，作前置定语，重要用来指动物，或体现场直播的节目(表转播时用：recorded)。a live fish/concert,living 指人或动物活着、健在。还指事物目前还被使用。与the连用表活着的一类。,My grandma is still living at the age of 93.,lively指活泼的，生机勃勃的，作形式表语、定语，指人或物。She has a lively mind,The enemy captain was caught _.,Are there any _ things on the moon?,(alive;living),another day,one day,some day,the other day,in the past/last few days,another day“改日（用于未来时）”,one day“（总）有一天（用于过去时或未来时）”,some day“总有一天（用于未来时）”,the other day“几天前的一天”,in the past/last few days“近几天（与完毕时连用）”,anxious,eager,eager“渴望的，热切的”，着重指渴望什么或做什么的热情及迫切的心情，即“成功的期望或进取的热情”；+for/to do。,anxious“焦急的，发愁的，牵挂的”，具有未知成果怎样，有些为之紧张的意味;+for(about)/to do。,They are _ for success.,We are _ for the new president to make us a speech in public.,He is _ to know the result of the exam.,(eager;eager;anxious),arrive,reach,get,arrive vi.指抵达指定地点（大地点用in，小地点用at）。arrival n.,reach vt.后不跟随介词，指抵达某地或到达某种协议，或表“接触到、够到”。,get vi.表“抵达”时，若跟随名词，应用to，若跟随副词，则不带to。,They _ at the station on time.,She_ London at sunset.,The apples are too high to _.,We_ to New York at last.,They finally _ an agreement after discussion.,(arrived;reached;reach;got;reached,as,for,since,because,because since as for,for是并列连词，连接并列句，引导的句子放在背面（不能放在句首），且有逗号隔开表达附带阐明的理由或推断的理由。作为介词表原因时，常和名词reason,动词praise,thank,scold,apologize,excuse,或形容词sorry,angry 等连用。,since是附属连词，表关系上的自然成果，原因一般很明显，往往是双方都懂得的原因，其从句可放在主句前后，常放在主句前。,as也是附属连词，语意较弱，口语中常省略，其从句位于主句前或后。,because语意较强，表直接的原因或理由，是因果的必然推断，它引导的状语从句可放在主句前或后；用于回答why提的问句。在强调句型里，只能用because从句。,在含as,since的句子中，全句的重点在主句的内容，由于其理由或原因在说话人看来因内、已经很明显，或已为听话人熟悉。它们引导的从句只是一种附带的阐明原因不是对原因的强调。,The light went out,_ the oil was out.,The oil must be out,_ the light went out.,_ there was nothing else to do,we left early.,(because,for,Since),as soon as,once,as soon as,强调时间的连接；,once,则带有条件意味，“一旦,就”。,_ you begin,you should do it well.,_ I got there,I rang home.,(Once,As soon as),as well,too,either,also,also用于肯定句，即可表达两人做了同样的事，也可表达一种人做了两件事，常位于动词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前，在表达强调是，也可放在助动词和情态动词之前。,too也用在肯定句中，可放在句中或句末。,either用于否认句，只用于句末。,as well常用于口语，使用方法和同样，常放在句末。,但在如下状况用too,含责怪、埋怨或劝戒类的句中，若句子自身以否认的形式来体现肯定的意思时；,Cant you see Ive got teeth,too?,在表达提议、邀请时，若句子与否认形式，肯定意义；,Wouldnt you like a cup of juice,too?,3）反义疑问句中若主体句是肯定句，否认式的反意问句不影响整句的肯定意义，那么，主体句用too;They attended the meeting too,didnt they?,在具有否认意义的否认句中，否认词前可用too，但更常用noteither。,I wouldnt do that and he wouldnt either.,5）虽在否认词后，但否认词只否认某个词或短语，而不影响全句的肯定意义时，一般用too.Nor tasty dinner to have is necessary,too,ask,beg,demand,require,request,claim,ask 表（期望答复地）祈求。,beg 指低声下气地乞求、恳求。,demand（来自权威方面不打折地）规定、命令。,require（按法律规章）规定、命令。,request（语气谦恭地）祈求、恳求。,claim（根据法律、权利）规定占有。,The boy _ his mother not to punish him.,May I _ you a question?,Every citizen may _ the protection of the law.,The policeman _ his name and address.,(begged,ask,claim,demand),always,usually,frequently,often,always总是、永远，强调不间断；usually常常、一般，强调习惯、不例外；frequently常常、时常，强调反复间断；often常与frequently换用，意义相近。,I _ go to school at 7:00.,Gravity _ keeps everything on earth.,It rains very _ here in spring.,I hope I can use the phrase _.,(usually,always,often,frequently),alone,lonely,alone,adj.作表语“孤单/单的”不带感情色彩，(=by oneself without others);adv.作状语，“单独一人”（放在动词后）,Leave me alone.别管我。,lonely adj.“孤单的，寂寞的”，指人，：表主观上孤单寂寞，渴望有伴；指地方，表“人迹罕至的”、“荒芜的”作表语和定语。,There,far from here,you can find _ island on which several old men are living _.,(a lonely,alone),appear,look,seem 看来、似乎,appear和 look 都是凭视觉的印象产生的一种见解，但这种见解也许和实际不符合；seem 是以客观的迹象为根据。,appear/seem+to do/that clause;look/seem+as if-clause;seem/look+like phrase.,She _ to have said so.,Why do you _ so upset?,It _ like a vase.,(seems,appear,looks),almost,most,nearly,，,mostly,almost和 nearly“几乎、差不多”，almost(=very nearly)比nearly更靠近、语气更强。在否认词前需用almost，但表达“远非、相差很远”时，只说not nearly,most adj.“大多数”;adv.1）修饰 形容词，表达“很”(=very)；2）用在多音节词前，构成最高级。mostly adv.(=mainly)“大体上，重要地、大部分”,The houses in this area are _ built of brick and cement.,_ no person can do it.,Its not _ so easy as you think.,Audrey Hepburn is a _ beautiful actress.,(mostly,Almost,nearly,most),answer,reply,respond,answer是常用语，较通俗；指根据状况所规定的来说、写或采用行动。,vt.回答answer(=reply to)sb/a question；接(电话等)answer the phone n.“答案”,reply 比较庄严，多用于书面语；严格地用于对所问的问题作出满意和详尽的回答。常见的搭配是：reply to sb/a question,reply+that-clause。,respond指自愿地或本能地作出的合适反应,affect,effect,effort,affect,vt.,影响、作用，常常暗示某种变化，对象是人时，可指思想上、感情上的变化；,effect,n.,影响、效果，常用于,have a good/bad/deep effect on sb./sth.,；,effort,n.(C),努力、成果,常用于,make an effort to do.,The wounded soldier made an _ to stand up when he saw the officer come in.,(effort),