高考英语复习基础语法第十课时情态动词和虚拟语气牛津译林版.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第十课时情态动词和虚拟语气,1/41,1.,(,浙江高考),Had the governments and scientists not worked together,，,AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in.,A.had not fallen B.would not fall,C.did not fall D.would not have fallen,答案,D,句意：假如各国政府和科学家们不一起努力话，与艾滋病相关死亡就不会自 年最高水平降下来。依据Had the governments and scientists not worked together可知事情发生在过去，所以是对过去情况虚拟，主句用would have done形式。故选D项。,感,悟,高,考,2/41,2.,(,浙江高考),George _ too far.His coffee is still warm.,A.must have gone B.might have gone,C.cant have gone D.neednt have gone,答案,C,句意：乔治不可能走远。他咖啡还是热。can,t have done,表示对过去否定推测，意为,“,不可能做了,”,。,3/41,3.,(,北京高考),I love the weekend,，,because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.,A.neednt B.mustnt,C.wouldnt D.shouldnt,答案,A,句意：我喜欢周末，因为每逢周六、周日我不需要早起。A项意为,“,不需要,”,；B项意为,“,禁止,”,；C项意为,“,不会,”,；D项意为,“,不应该,”,。依据句意可知选A项。,4/41,4.,(,北京高考),Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you _ me,，,I could have helped.,A.told B.had told,C.were to tell D.would tell,答案,B,句意：你上周为何不告诉我你麻烦。假如你告诉了我，我能够帮助你。依据last week可知事情发生在过去，所以是对过去情况虚拟。依据主句谓语动词could have done可知，从句应用过去完成时had done。故选B项。,5/41,5.,(,天津高考),It was really annoying,；,I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.,A.wouldnt B.couldnt,C.shouldnt D.neednt,答案,B,句意：这真很让人恼火，我无法使用你推荐那个数据库。依据句意可知应选couldn,t,“,不能够,”,。wouldn,t,“,不愿意,”,；shouldn,t,“,不应该,”,；needn,t,“,无须,”,。,6/41,6.,(,天津高考),I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one,，,I _.,A.were injured B.would be injured,C.had been injured D.would have been injured,答案,D,依据,“,I was wearing a seatbelt,”,“,If I hadn,t been wearing one,”,可判断出，此处是对与过去事实相反情况虚拟，从句用了过去完成时，主句应用,“,would have done,”,结构。,7/41,情态动词,考点一,can,，could,与,be able to,使用方法,考 点 清 单,规则,表示能力，意为,“,能，会,”,。,The man,can/could,speak two foreign languages.,那个人能说两门外语。,Yesterday I,was able to,get home before the heavy rain.,昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。,8/41,规则,can/could,表示诧异，惯用在否定句和疑问句中。,How,can,you be so careless while driving?,你开车时怎么这么粗心呢？,规则,can/could,表示礼貌地请求他人做某事，意为,“,能，能够,”,。,Could,I use your bike tomorrow morning?,Yes,，,of course you,can,.,明天早晨我用一下你自行车，行吗？,当然能够。,9/41,考点二,may,与,might,使用方法,规则,表示请求、允许时，,might,比,may,语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用,mustnt,，表示,“,不能够,”“,禁止,”“,阻止,”,之意。,May,I play basketball this afternoon?,No,，,you,mustnt,.,今天下午我能够打篮球吗？,不，不行。,10/41,规则,“,may/might as well,动词原形,”,意为,“,最好，倒不如,”,，,may/might well,动词原形，意为,“,很可能,”,。,If you think the price of beef is too high,，,you,might as well,buy some pork.It depends on you.,假如你认为牛肉太贵话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。,11/41,考点三,must,使用方法,规则,must,用于否定句，表示,“,禁止,”,，表示说话者命令或指令，语气比较强烈。,That car is my property,；,you,mustnt,use it without my permission.,那辆车是我财产，你必须得到我允许才能使用。,12/41,规则,must,表示必要性，意为,“,必须,”,。,The children,must,be back by 4 oclock.,孩子们必须在,4,点钟以前回来。,规则,must,表示偏执、固执，意为,“,非得，偏要,”,。,If you,must,go,，,at least wait until the storm is over.,假如你非要走话，最少等到暴风雨结束。,13/41,考点四,will,与,would,使用方法,规则,表示请求、提议等，,would,比,will,委婉客气。,Would,you mind opening the window for me?,请你给我打开窗户好吗？,14/41,规则,will,和,would,表示意志、愿望和决心。,Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?,I wanted to,，,but my mom simply,would,not let me out so late at night.,为何你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙聚会？,我想去参加，但只是我妈妈不愿意让我那么晚出去。,15/41,规则,will,能够表示一个习惯性动作，有,“,总是,”,或,“,总要,”,之意。,Every morning he,will,have a walk along this river.,天天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。,16/41,考点五,shall,，should,与,ought to,使用方法,规则,shall,用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示。,Shall,we put off the sports meet till next month?,我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？,17/41,规则,shall,用于第二、第三人称陈说句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,It has been announced that candidates,shall,remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.,已宣告，在全部试卷收上来之前，应试者必须留在自己座位上。,18/41,规则,should,表示义务、职责等，意为,“,应该,”,。,You,should,be strict with yourself as an officer.,作为一名官员，你应该严格要求自己。,规则,ought to,表示应该。,You,ought not to,be late for such an important meeting.,这么主要会议你不应该迟到。,19/41,规则,shall,还可表示法律、要求和条例中要求,“,应该,”,。,Whoever drives through a red light,shall,be fined at least 200,yuan,.,不论谁驾车闯红灯，罚款最少,200,元。,20/41,考点六情态动词表推测使用方法,规则,can,用于必定句中表示客观可能性，意为,“,有时会,”,；用于疑问句中能够表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,，有时表示一个诧异语气；用于否定句中也能够表示推测，,cant,意为,“,不可能,”,，语气很强烈。,On such a rainy day,，,accidents,can,happen.,在这么下雨天，有时会发生事故。,He,cant,have left.His coat is here.,他不可能已经走了。他外套还在这里。,Mr Bush is on time for everything.How,can,it be that he was late for the meeting,？布什先生做什么事情都很按时。他怎么可能开会迟到呢？,21/41,规则,may/might,用于必定句中能够用来表示不十分必定推测，意为,“,有可能,”,；用于否定句中也能够表示推测，,may not,意为,“,可能不,”,，表示一个不太确定语气。,What are you doing this Saturday?,Im not sure,，,but I,might,go to the Rolling Stones concert.,本周六你打算干什么？,还说不定，但我可能会去滚石音乐会。,22/41,规则,must,表示推测时只能用于必定句中，意为,“,一定，必定,”,，表示十分必定语气,(,在疑问句中或否定句中要用,can/could),。,Has Peter started out,？,He said he,would,go hiking with us.,He,must,have started.He is a man of his word.,Peter,已经出发了吗？他说他会与我们一起去远足。,必定已出发了。他是一个信守诺言人。,23/41,规则,should,用来表示推测时意为,“,应该,”,，即含有,“,按道理来说应该如此,”,意思。,She promised to come by 10 oclock.She,should/ought,to be here at any moment.,她答应,10,点之前来。她随时都可能来到。,24/41,考点七,“,情态动词,have done,”,使用方法,情态动词,have done,使用方法,must have done,一定做过某事，其否定形式为,cant/couldnt have done,can/could have done,(1)原来能够做但却未做,(2)可能做过某事,cant/couldnt have done,不可能做过某事,may/might have done,或许,/,可能做过某事,should/ought to have done,本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了,neednt have done,做了本没有必要做事情,25/41,It,must have rained,last night,，,for the road was quite wet.,昨晚必定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。,You,neednt have taken,a taxi here,，,for it was near my home.,你原来无须打车来这里，因为这里离我家很近。,26/41,虚拟语气,考点一,if,条件句中虚拟语气,if,条件从句,从句谓语形式,主句谓语形式,表示现在情况,动词过去式(be过去式用were),should/would/could/might,动词原形,表示过去情况,had,过去分词,should/would/could/might,have,过去分词,表示未来情况,should,动词原形,should/would/could/might,动词原形,动词过去式,were to,动词原形,27/41,If I,were,you,，,I,would take,an umbrella.,假如我是你，我会带把伞。,If I,saw/should see/were to see,him tomorrow,，,I,would invite,him home.,假如明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。,28/41,考点二错综时间条件句虚拟语气和含蓄条件句中虚拟语气,规则,当条件状语从句表示行为和主句表示行为所发生时间不一致时，被称为,“,错综时间条件句,”,，动词形式要依据它所表示时间做出对应调整。,If we,had booked,a table earlier,，,we,wouldnt be standing,here in a queue.,假如我们早一点订一张桌子，现在就不会站在这里排队了。,29/41,规则,有时假设情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由,otherwise,，,but,，,or,，,without,，,but for,等来引导或者经过上下文引出。,Without,your help,，,I,wouldnt have succeeded,anyway.,If you hadnt helped me,，,I wouldnt have succeeded anyway.,没有你帮助，我不论怎样也不会成功。,30/41,考点三名词性从句中虚拟语气,规则,用于表示提议、愿望、命令等动词后宾语从句中,常见动词有：,demand,，,order,，,require,，,insist,，,suggest,，,propose,，,advise,，,request,，,urge,，,command,，,prefer,，,desire,，,recommend,等。宾语从句中虚拟语气结构为,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,能够省略。,31/41,They insisted that the boy(,should,),go,with them.,他们果断要求那个小男孩跟他们一起去。,32/41,规则,用于主语从句中,在,It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/,important/strange/natural/a pity/essential,that,从句中，从句谓语动词用,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,能够省略。,It is suggested that the meeting(,should,),be put off,till next week.,人们提议会议推迟到下周。,33/41,规则,用于表语从句和同位语从句中,在,suggestion,，,proposal,，,order,，,plan,，,idea,，,request,，,advice,等名词后表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其组成是,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,能够省略。,My idea is that we(,should,),think,it over before accepting it.,我意见是在接收之前我们要重复考虑。,Your suggestion that the door(,should,),be shut,when we leave is reasonable.,你那个当我们离开时候应该关上门提议是合理。,34/41,考点四,wish,宾语从句中虚拟语气,规则,对现在情况虚拟：,wish,主语动词过去式,(be,用,were),I wish(that)I,were,a bird and could fly freely in the sky.,希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由翱翔。,规则,对过去情况虚拟：,wish,主语,had,过去分词,I wish you,had come,to the lecture.,希望你当初来听汇报了。,规则,对未来情况虚拟：,wish,主语,would/could/might,动词原形,We wish we,would live,on the moon one day.,希望我们有一天能住在月球上。,35/41,考点五其它句型中虚拟语气,规则,would rather,后宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为,“,宁愿；希望,”,。用普通过去时表示与现在或未来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。,When my father is upset,，,he would rather we,left,him alone.,当我父亲烦恼时候，他更喜欢我们不打搅他。,规则,在,“,It is(about/high)time,that,从句,”,中，谓语动词惯用过去式或,“,should,动词原形,”,表示虚拟语气，注意,should,不可省略。,Its high time that we,devoted,ourselves to environmental protection.,是我们致力于环境保护时候了。,36/41,规则,as if,，,as though,引导表语从句和方式状语从句中惯用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用普通过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。,It seems as though it,were,spring already.,看起来好像已经是春天了一样。,规则,if only,引导感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。,Look at the trouble were in.If only we,had taken,our teachers advice,！看看我们所处困境，要是我们接收老师提议就好了！,37/41,1,.,句型提醒法,解 题 策 略,虚拟语气能够用在状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句中，在不一样从句中，虚拟语气用不一样动词形式来表达，如：,if,非真实条件句,(,分三种情形,),，,wish,后宾语从句，,It is time that.,定语从句等。所以，掌握了各类从句中虚拟语气动词形式，就基本上掌握了虚拟语气使用方法。,38/41,If we _ the other road,，,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.,A.take B.had taken,C.took D.have taken,答案,B,句意：假如我们走另一条路话，我们或许能够及时抵达这里参加这次会议了。依据主句谓语动词might have arrived能够推出，本句是与过去事实相反虚拟语气，所以if条件句中应该用过去完成时。,39/41,2,.,特定词汇暗示法,英语中一些短语如：,If it were not for/had not been for,but for.,if only.,without,等，往往要采取虚拟语气，它们对于解答试题有很大帮助，掌握了这些关键点知识，做起题来也就很轻易了。,40/41,Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you.,A.can manage B.could have managed,C.could manage D.can have managed,答案,B,could have done,表示,“,本能够做某事(但没做),”,。,41/41,