高考英语总复习-专题六-动词的时态和语态.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题六动词时态和语态,1/37,-,2,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1,.,表示习惯性、经常性、现在重复出现动作或状态。,He,goes,to school every day.,他天天去上学。(经常性动作),He,is,very happy.,他很高兴。(现在状态),2,.,表示永恒状态或真理。,(,课标全国,)“Life,is,like walking in the snow,”Granny used to say,“because every step,shows,.”,祖母过去常说:“人生就像在雪中行走,因为每一步都会留下痕迹。”,The moon,moves,around the earth.,月亮绕着地球转。,2/37,-,3,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3,.,在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,假如主句中动词用普通未来时,从句中动词通惯用普通现在时,而不用未来时。,(,湖南,)Whenever you,buy,a present,you should think about it from the receiver,s point of view.,不论何时,你买礼品话,都应该从接收者角度来考虑它。,(,纲领全国,)Unless some extra money,is,found,the theatre will close.,除非能再弄到些钱,不然剧院将关闭。,3/37,-,4,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4,.,时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按要求将要发生动作,用普通现在时代替普通未来时。,(,北京,)So what is the procedure?,All the applicants,are,interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.,那程序是怎么安排呢?,在职权部门做最终决定之前全部申请人都要参加面试。,The train,leaves,at 8 o,clock.,火车将于8点钟发车。,4/37,-,5,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1,.will,表示未来动作或状态,常与表示未来时间状语连用。,(,安徽,)It is reported that a space station,will,be,built,on the moon in years to come.,据报道在以后几年里月球上要建一个空间站。,Fish,will,die,without water.,鱼离开水就会死掉。,2,.be going to,(1),表示现在打算或计划未来要做事。,We,are,going,to,have a meeting today.,今天我们要开个会。,(2),表示依据某种迹象认为在最近或未来要发生事。,It,is,going,to,rain.,天要下雨了。,5/37,-,6,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3,.be to,(1),表示预先安排好计划或约定。,Are,we,to,go,on with this work?,我们要继续这项工作吗?,(2),表示说话人意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等。,We,are,to,take,care,of,the children.,我们应该照料好孩子们。,(3),表示注定要发生事情。,Her plan,is,to,be,a failure.,她计划注定要失败。,6/37,-,7,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4,.be about to,表示即将发生动作,不与详细时间状语连用,可与when引导时间状语从句连用。,The plane,is,about,to,leave.,飞机即将起飞。,5,.will,与be going to区分,will,多表示说话时才做出决定,或暂时决定做某事。be going to表示事先经过考虑或做好安排将要做某事。,(,北京,)What time is it?,I have no idea.But just a minute,I,will,check,it for you.,现在几点了?,我不知道。不过稍等一会儿,我帮你确认一下。,7/37,-,8,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,过去时间内发生动作,或者过去重复发生动作。,(,全国乙,)But when I,arrived,at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk,said,“Well,I,m really sorry.I,ve got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.”,但当我到了Providence值机前台时,值机小姐说:“真很遗憾,告诉您一个不好消息从华盛顿来航班没有了。”,(,福建,)Haven,t seen you for ages!Where have you been?,I,went,to Ningxia and,stayed,there for one year,teaching as a volunteer.,很长时间没有见你了!你去哪了?,我去宁夏待了一年,作为一个志愿者在那里教学。,(,全国乙,)I,had,one trip last year where I,was,caught,by a hurricane in America.,去年在美国一次途中我碰到了飓风。,8/37,-,9,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1,.,表示此时此刻正在进行动作,由“be+现在分词”组成。,(,四川,)We,re,not,saying,that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.,我们不是在说人人都需要为穷人贡献一生。,2,.go,come,leave,arrive,return,stop,start,begin,meet,等动词现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生动作。,I,m,leaving,for Beijing tomorrow.,明天我要到北京去。,9/37,-,10,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3,.,与always,constantly,forever,continually,all the time 等连用,表示重复发生动作或连续存在状态,往往带有不满、埋怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。,He,is,always,helping,others.,他总是帮助他人。,4,.,进行时有时可表示渐变过程。,His health,is,improving,every day.,他健康情况天天都有好转。,10/37,-,11,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,5,.,下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。,(1),表示心理状态、情感动词:like,love,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need等。,(2),表示存在状态动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem等。,(3),表示短暂性、一次性动作动词:allow,accept,remember,permit,promise,admit,complete等。,(4),感官动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look等。,11/37,-,12,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”组成。其使用通常有两种情况:,1,.,所表示动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响,句中没有详细时间状语。,(,四川,)It,has,changed,who we are and continue to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.,它已经改变了我们,而且让我们对在以后几年内穷人生活将会得到多大改进这一问题继续充满希望。,12/37,-,13,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,2,.,现在完成时所表示动作开始于过去,连续到现在,可能还会连续下去。常与for.和 since.等表示一段时间状语或 so far等表示包含现在时间在内状语连用。,(,四川,)And yet,people in this area are in fact French citizens because it,has,been,a colony(,殖民地)of the French Republic since 1946.,然而,这个地域人们实际上是法国人,因为自1946年以来它一直是法兰西共和国殖民地。,(,四川,)I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I,have,worked,there on and off for almost ten years.,我对法属圭亚那人有种特殊爱。我来往返回在那里工作过几乎十年。,注意:有些表示短暂性动作词,如 come,go,die,marry,buy等完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间词连用。,13/37,-,14,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3,.,还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示未来某时完成动作,强调此动作先于主句动作发生。,I,ll go to your home when I,have,finished,my homework.,我做完了作业就去你家。,Don,t get off the bus until it,has,stopped,.,公交车停稳才能下车。,14/37,-,15,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,表示在过去某个时刻正在进行动作,或者过去某个阶段正在做事情。,(,北京,)While I,was,exploring,my curiosity,my disease got worse.,当我正在探索我求知欲时,病情加重了。,In 1980 he,was,studying,in a university.,1980,年时,他正在一所大学里学习。,15/37,-,16,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,表示从过去就预计要发生动作或者存在状态,这种时态惯用于宾语从句中,主句惯用普通过去时。,(,陕西,)At college,Barack Obama didn,t know that he,was,to,become,the first black president of the United States of America.,上大课时,巴拉克奥巴马不知道他未来会成为美国第一位黑人总统。,(,重庆,)James has just arrived,but I didn,t know he,was,coming,until yesterday.,詹姆斯刚到,但直到昨天我才知道他要来。,16/37,-,17,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1,.,表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生动作,也能够表示从过去某一时间开始动作或状态一直延续到过去另一时间,即“过去过去”。,(10,浙江,)After she,had,climbed,to a high place,she turned around,hoping to see the lake.,在她爬上一处高地后,她转身环视四面,希望能看到那座湖。,2,.,表示未曾实现希望、打算、意图、诺言等,惯用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示,即:hoped/planned.+to have done。,I,had,hoped,to send him a Christmas card,but I forgot to do so.,我原来想寄给他一张圣诞卡,但我忘了。,17/37,-,18,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,现在完成进行时是由“have/has been+现在分词”组成,用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直连续到现在(还要继续下去)动作,它具备“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。,The manager,has,been,telling,the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.,自从早晨9点,经理就一直在跟工人们讲怎样改进这个项目。,It,has,been,raining,for 2 days.,雨已经下了两天了。(表示说话者“埋怨”感情色彩),18/37,-,19,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1,.,普通过去时与现在完成时,时间上有差异:凡有明确过去时间均用过去时,不能用完成时,如含有ago,last year,just now,the other day。,结果上有差异:现在完成时强调是对“现在”影响和结果,动作到现在刚完成或还在继续;普通过去时强调是动作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关系。,I,came,to Beijing last year,and,have,been,here since then.,我去年来北京,自从那时起我一直在这里。,19/37,-,20,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,2,.,普通过去时与过去完成时,这两个时态都和现在没相关系,都表示过去动作。但普通过去时只包括一个纯过去动作;而过去完成时指是相对于过去某一特定时间更早发生动作,发生在“过去过去”,即过去完成时最少包括两个过去动作。,When I,got,to,the party,many of them,had,left,for home.,当我抵达晚会时候,他们中多数人已经离开回家了。,20/37,-,21,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,3,.,普通过去时与过去进行时,尽管二者所表示动作都发生在过去,但普通过去时着重强调过去动作,表示已经结束。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一时间点,一个动作正在进行,有什么样结果不得而知。,He,wrote,three letters last night.,他昨晚写了三封信。(表示他写了三封信,暗指都已写完),He,was,writing,a letter at 9:00 last night.,昨晚九点,他正在写信。(表示当初他在写信,以后是否写完就未知了),21/37,-,22,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4,.,现在完成时与现在完成进行时,(1),现在完成时强调是动作已完成,着重结果;现在完成进行时是连续了一段时间动作,这个动作仍在继续,强调动作连续性。,I,have,painted,my new house.,我已经给我新房子上完漆了。(强调已完成),I,have,been,painting,my new house.,我一直在给我新房子上漆。(强调动作还在继续),(2),现在完成进行时能够表示动作重复,现在完成时普通不表示重复性。,Have,you,been,meeting,our teacher these days?,这些天来你一直见到我们老师吗?(强调动作重复),Have,you,met,our teacher recently?,最近你见过我们老师吗?(强调结果),22/37,-,23,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1,.hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,句型中,主句中用过去完成时,从句中用普通过去时。,Hardly,had,I,opened,the door when Tom,came,in.,我刚一开门,汤姆就进来了。,2,.since,in the last/past+,一段时间,so far,recently等常与现在完成时搭配。,Great changes,have,taken,place,in our country in the last few years.,我们国家过去几年发生了巨大改变。,3,.This/That/It is/was the first/second.time+that,从句,若主句中为is,则从句时态用现在完成时;若为was,则从句时态用过去完成时。,This is the first time we,have,seen,a film in the cinema together as a family.,这是我们全家人第一次一起到电影院看电影。,23/37,-,24,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,4,.“by+,时间状语”要与完成时搭配使用。,You,will,have,learned,about 3,000 words by the end of next month.,到下月底你们将已学习3000个单词。,5,.It+be.before.“,要过才”或“在以后才”。在这个句型中,若be动词用普通过去时,则before 从句中惯用普通过去时;若be动词用未来时,则before 从句中惯用普通现在时。,I,m sorry you,ve been waiting so long,but it,ll,still,be,some time before Brian,gets,back.,很抱歉让你等了这么久,但布莱恩还要过段时间才能回来。,6,.was/were about to do.when.,在when引导从句中,谓语动词用过去式。,I,was,about,to,leave,when he,came,in.,我正要离开这时他进来了。,24/37,-,25,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,1,.,表示状态特征系动词,如look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear等组成系表结构。,The soup,smells,good but tastes terrible.,这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。,2,.,表示主语某种属性、特征动词,如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,shut。,This kind of material,washes,easily.,这种布料轻易洗。,3,.,表示开始、结束、运动动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run等。,The shop,closes,at 6 p.m.every day.,这家商店天天下午六点关门。,25/37,-,26,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,语态说明主语和谓语之间关系。英语语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作承受者,也就是动作对象,所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”组成。,(10,浙江,)Guests staying at Plaza Hotel,will,be,given,meal tickets worth$36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity.,在假日酒店客人一旦产出10瓦电就可得价值36美元餐券。,(,四川,)The lives of these people,have,finally,been,recorded,thanks to the efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.,因为一位名叫Gin法国人努力,这些民族生活最终被统计了下来。,26/37,-,27,-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,考点十,考点十一,考点十二,考点十三,考点九,几个特殊形式被动结构:,1,.“be+,过去分词+不定式”形式被动结构,He,is,reported,to,have broken a world record.,据报道他打破了一项世界纪录。,2,.“It+be+,过去分词+从句”形式被动结构,It,s,said,that,they have discovered a new star.,听说他们发觉了一颗新星。,3,.“get+done”,组成被动结构,get married,结婚;get hurt受伤;get lost迷路;get caught/stuck/trapped被困,(,天津,)I began to learn this when I,had,my car,crashed,.,当我车被撞坏了我才开始了解这一点。,27/37,-,28,-,.,用括号内所给动词适当形式填空,1,.(,全国乙改编,)We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them,especially when you,are,raising,(raise)children.,2,.(,全国甲改编,)His presence meant that I,had,(have)an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose activity would infect other students.,解析:,本句强调养育孩子过程中家人陪同是多么主要,故应用现在完成时。,解析:,空格处,have,是宾语从句谓语,依据主从句时态保持一致标准,主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语也应用过去某种时态,且两个动作同时发生,故用,had,。,28/37,-,29,-,3,.(,北京改编,)Jack,was,working,(work)in the lab when the powercut occurred.,4,.(,江苏改编,)Dashan,has,been,learning,(learn)the crosstalk for decades and he wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.,解析:,句意,:,当,Jack,正在试验室工作时,突然断电了。依据句意和从句谓语部分,“occurred”,可知,此处表示过去正在进行动作,故用过去进行时。,解析:,依据,“for,decades”,及后面并列句谓语动词,“wants”,可知,大山学相声从过去一直连续到现在,还有可能会连续下去,故应用现在完成进行时。,29/37,-,30,-,5,.(10,浙江改编,)The political situation in Libya will become even worse unless some measures,are,taken,(take).,6,.(10,浙江改编,)Silk,had,become,(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.,解析:,空格处与从句主语,“measures”,之间是动宾关系,结合,“,主将从现,”,标准,空格处应用普通现在时被动语态。,解析:,依据此句末尾时间状语,by,about,100,BC,可知,此处应用过去完成时。,30/37,-,31,-,7,.(,课标全国,改编,)It was raining lightly when I,arrived,(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.,8,.(,课标全国,改编,)This cycle,goes,(go)day after day.,解析:,依据前面,“was,raining”,可知,此句应用普通过去时。,解析:,本句讲述是事实,故应用普通现在时,;,又因为主语,this,cycle,为第三人称单数,故用,goes,。,31/37,-,32,-,9,.(,湖南改编,)He must have sensed that I,was,looking,(look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”,10,.(,福建改编,)Where is Peter?I can,t find him anywhere.,He went to the library after breakfast and,has,been,writing,(write)his essay there ever since.,解析:,句意,:,他必定已经意识到我正在看着他。他突然看了我一眼,悄悄地说,:“,你为何那样盯着我,?”,依据后句可知是,“,正在看着,”,所以应用过去进行时。,解析:,句意,:,彼得在哪里,?,我处处找不到他。,早饭后他去图书馆了,之后一直在那里写论文。依据时间状语,ever,since,可知,此处用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去连续到现在,接下来可能继续进行。,32/37,-,33,-,11,.(,天津改编,)Jane can,t attend the meeting at 3 o,clock this afternoon because she,will,be,teaching,(teach)a class at that time.,12,.(,天津改编,)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement,has,been,reached,(reach)so far by the two sides.,解析:,句意,:,简不能参加今天下午三点会议了,因为那个时候她将正在讲课。依据句意可知,“,今天下午三点,”,是一个未来时间,;,表示未来某一时刻正在做某事,应该用未来进行时。故填,will,be,teaching,。,解析:,句意,:,尽管之前有好几轮会谈,不过迄今为止双方依然没有达成协议。依据时间状语,so,far,可知,空格处用现在完成时,agreement,与,reach,之间为被动关系。故填,has,been,reached,。,33/37,-,34,-,13,.(,四川改编,)More expressways,will,be,built,(build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.,14,.About China,the most frequently used word by people is“exciting”,since the country,is,changing,(change)every day.,解析:,依据时间状语,soon,能够判断,句子应用未来时,;,高速公路和建造之间是动宾关系,所以用被动形式。故填,will,be,built,。句意,:,为了促进当地经济,四川很快将建造更多高速公路。,解析:,句意,:,关于中国,人们使用最多词就是,“,激感人心,”,因为这个国家天天都在改变。依据句中时间状语,every,day,可知此处表示改变一直都在进行,没有停下,所以用现在进行时。,34/37,-,35,-,15,.That meant she was surrounded by either teachers who were busy teaching or students who,were,devoted,(devote)to their studies.,解析:,固定搭配,be,devoted,to.“,致力于,”;,句中,or,后是一个定语从句,因为先行词是,students,再由前一个定语从句时态是普通过去时可知,此处填,were,devoted,。,35/37,-,36,-,.,完成句子,1,.,她现在正在手术室接收手术。,She,is,being,operated,on,in the operating room now.,2,.,我到门口时,他们正在看电视。,They,were,watching,TV when I came to the door.,3,.,到上周末为止,我们已经学了100篇短文了。,We,had,learned,100 passages by the end of last weekend.,4,.,明年这个时候,我们必定坐在大学教室里了。,By this time next year,we,shall/will,be,sitting,in a classroom in university.,5,.,这间办公室禁止吸烟。,Smoking,is,forbidden/banned,in this office.,36/37,-,37,-,6,.,刚才我们给小女孩5分钟时间决定是否做这件事。,The little girl,was,given,five minutes by us to decide whether to do it or not just now.,7,.,假如不阻止城市噪音连续上升,人们20年后甚至在同一张饭桌上都要提升嗓门说话才能听见。,If city noises,are,not,kept,from increasing,people will have to shout to be heard even at the same dinner table in 20 years.,8,.,这工作一定是他昨天做。,This work,must,have,been,done,by him yesterday.,9,.,要凑齐这套邮票,我还需要一张。,I need one more stamp before my collection of this kind,is,completed,.,10,.,这种材料摸起来很柔软。,This material,feels,very soft.,37/37,