高考英语总复习-专题五-数词和主谓一致.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题五数词和主谓一致,1/30,-,2,-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,一,二,一、数词,数词分为两种:基数词(表示数目)和序数词(表示次序)。,1,.dozen(,一打,十二),score(二十)与详细数词或与many,several 等连用时,后不加-s,所修饰名词前介词of有没有均可。不过习惯上score多与of连用,而dozen极少与of连用。如:two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋,many dozen pencils好多打铅笔;two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋;three score of people 60个人。dozen,score复数形式后接of时,表示“许多”。如:dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋,scores of pencils几十支铅笔。,2,.,当所修饰名词之前有限定词these,those,my,your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them,us,you时,这时需要加of。如:two dozen of these pens,three score of them。,2/30,-,3,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,则分母用复数。如:one-fourth(a quarter)1/4;two-fifths 2/5。,(,全国乙,),Two-thirds,believe more families will follow the example of Obama,s family.,三分之二人认为会有更多家庭模仿奥巴马家庭做法。,3/30,-,4,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,表示某人确实切年纪,用“基数词+year(s)old”或者“at the age of+基数词”,也可直接用基数词;表示某人几十多岁时,用“in one,s+,基数词复数(如twenties,thirties等)”来表示。,She is still,in,her,twenties,.,她才二十几岁。,4/30,-,5,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,表示“几十年代”时,在年份后加-s或-,s,。,(,全国乙,)In the,1960s,we were all a little wild and couldn,t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.,在20世纪60年代,我们都有点不安分,想尽快离家或离家远点来证实自己能够自立。,5/30,-,6,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,二、主谓一致,谓语动词数应和主语人称和数保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓是否一致时,要遵照以下三个标准:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采取单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采取复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词人称和数往往和与其最近主语保持一致。,6/30,-,7,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,1,.,主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念名词做主语时。,Ten miles,is,not a long way for me.,十英里对我来说不是很长距离。,2,.,由and连接两个或两个以上单数名词做主语,前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰时。,Each boy and(each)girl,has,an apple.,每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。,7/30,-,8,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,3,.and,连接两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两个名词共用一个冠词时。,A teacher of English and class teacher,is,telling us something about volunteer workers now.,一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们一些情况。,4,.“the number of+,复数名词”做主语时。,The number of professors present at the meeting,is,1,800.,出席会议教授人数是1800人。,5,.,动词-,ing,(,短语)、不定式、从句做主语时。,What the teacher of the science class does and says,is,of great importance to the students at college.,理科老师做事和说话对学院里学生很主要。,8/30,-,9,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,6,.“more than one+,单数名词”和“many a+单数名词”做主语时。,More than one student,has,gone to Beijing.,不止一个学生去了北京。,Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.,Delete it!It,s a trick.Many a person,has,been cheated by such tricks.,嘿,我手机上有一条短信,告诉我我已取得巴黎周末双人游一等奖。,删掉吧。那是个骗局。许多人被这么短信骗过。,7,.“the+,形容词”做主语,表示一类抽象事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。,The new,is,sure to replace the old.,新生事物一定会取代旧事物。,9/30,-,10,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,1,.,有些集合名词如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police 等做主语,后面谓语动词用复数形式。,The police,are,searching for the murderer.,警方正在搜寻凶手。,2,.“the+,形容词/分词”做主语,表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。,The old,are,living a happy life now.,老人们现在生活幸福。,3,.,由and或both.and.连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词一样)。,Both coffee and beer,are,on sale in the shop.,这家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。,10/30,-,11,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,1,.,集合名词如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主语时,假如看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,假如侧重其组员,谓语动词用复数形式。,The family which,is,not big like watching football games.,这个家庭不大,全家人喜欢看足球比赛。,11/30,-,12,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2,.,主语是单复数同形名词如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等时,视其表示意义而判断谓语动词单复数形式。,Every means,has,been tried,but none proved successful.,每个方法都尝试过了,但没有一个是成功。,Many means,have,not come into effect.,许多方法都没生效。,3,.,代词none,neither,all以及what引导从句等做主语,谓语动词单复数形式取决于所指代内容。,(,湖南,)All we need,is,a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.,我们所需要就是一小块土地,在这儿我们能够在一年生长季节种植各种各样果树。,What they have,are,200 computers.,他们拥有就是二百台电脑。,12/30,-,13,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,4,.population,表示“人口”,即一个国家或地域居民数目,它做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地域全体居民,它做主语时,谓语动词普通用复数形式。,The population of Canada,is,about 36 million.,加拿大人口数大约是3600万。,Eighty percent of the population in that country,are,farmers.,那个国家80%人口是农民。,13/30,-,14,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,1,.,有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。,The danger of forest fires,is,not to be taken lightly.,森林火灾危险不能轻视。,2,.,当主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including 等连接单词(词组)时,其谓语动词单复数形式要与它们前面主语取得一致。,Newspapers,as well as magazines,play,an important role in daily communication.,报纸,还有杂志,在我们日常交流中起到了主要作用。,14/30,-,15,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,1,.,由“some,plenty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语做主语时,谓语动词常与of后名词保持数一致。假如of后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;假如of后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。,About one third of the books,are,well worth reading.,大约三分之一书非常值得阅读。,(10,浙江,)Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who,havent,worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.,那些就远程办公参加调查者中有64%人宁愿放弃奖金,就是为了得到一周一天在家办公机会。,15/30,-,16,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,2,.,由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等相同使用方法词还有type,sort,part,piece,section,pair等。组成短语做主语时,谓语动词与of前名词保持数一致。,This kind of animals,is,dangerous.,Animals of this kind,are,dangerous.,这种动物很危险。,16/30,-,17,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,3,.“a large amount of+,不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。,“large amounts of+,不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。,“large quantities of+,不可数名词/复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。,“a good/great deal of+,不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。,Vast amounts of money,are,being invested in the local market.,大量资金投放到当地市场上。,One survey shows that large quantities of water are,wasted,every year in China,and that one third is available to be saved.,调查表明在中国大量水被浪费了,其中三分之一是能节约下来。,17/30,-,18,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,1,.,由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上并列主语时,谓语动词和与它最近主语在人称和数上保持一致。,Not only his family but also he,likes,Chaplin,s movies.,不但他家人而且连他也喜欢卓别林电影。,Are,either you or your brother going to the party?,要么你或是你弟兄要去参加这个聚会吗?,2,.there be,句型中be 形式由它后面第一个名词数决定。,There,are,some envelopes and paper for you.,这里有一些信封和纸张给你。,18/30,-,19,-,一,二,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点七,1,.,在定语从句里,关系代词that,who,which等做主语时,其谓语动词数应与句中先行词数一致。,Those who,have,seen the film please put up your hands.,看过这部电影请举手。,2,.“one of+,复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句中谓语动词要用复数形式。,Tom is one of the boys who,have,gone abroad.,汤姆是出过国男孩之一。,3,.“the only one of+,复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句中谓语动词要用单数形式。,He is the only one of the students who,has,passed the exam.,他是唯一一个经过考试学生。,19/30,-,20,-,.,用括号内所给动词适当形式填空,1,.(,江苏改编,)Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children,who,are,(be)able from a young age to gather their own food.,2,.(,江苏改编,)The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries,is,(be)greater than the fall in poor areas.,解析:,该句主语是先行词,chimp,mothers,谓语动词该用复数形式,依据语境可知应用现在时,故填,are,。,解析:,该句主语不是空前,countries,而是,the,total,rise,所以谓语动词用单数形式,故用,is,。,20/30,-,21,-,3,.(,全国丙改编,)Visiting an apple event,is,(be)a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.,4,.(,全国丙改编,)One of the very best varieties for eating quality,is,(be)Orleans Reinette,but you,ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.,解析:,本句主语是,Visiting.,短语,谓语动词用单数形式,故填,is,。,解析:,“one,of+,复数名词,”,结构中,谓语动词要用单数形式,故填,is,。,21/30,-,22,-,5,.(,全国甲改编,)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow,is,(be)often acceptable.,6,.(,湖南改编,)It is important to remember that success,is,(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often,takes,(take)years to achieve.,解析:,此句主语为,Leaving.,动词,-,ing,短语做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故填,is,。,解析:,句意,:,成功是天天一点点小努力总和,而且往往要花几年时间才能到达,记住这点很主要。,remember,后面宾语从句中,success,充当主语且为单数形式,又因本句话陈说内容为客观事实,所以其后两个谓语动词,be,和,take,都应用第三人称单数形式。,22/30,-,23,-,7,.Mr.Black,as well as the professor who,comes,(come)from Beijing University,is,(be)to attend our school meeting.,8,.The truth is that the passers-by,rather than the driver,are,to,blame,(blame)for the terrible accident.,解析:,第一空考查定语从句中主谓一致,who,做主语,所以谓语动词与先行词一致,the,professor,是单数,故谓语动词用单数,;,第二空谓语动词主语是,Mr.Black,as,well,as,连接单词,其谓语动词与其前面主语一致。故用单数。,解析:,句意,:,事实真相是过路人而不是司机对这次可怕事故负责。题干中主语是,passers-by“,过路人,”,为复数形式,;,尽管后面加了,rather,than,短语,句子谓语数应与最前面主语保持一致。,be,to,blame,是个习惯使用方法,主动形式表示被动含义。,23/30,-,24,-,9,.Moments of failure,are,(be)unavoidable,but most of us abandon the goal entirely when slight failures and setbacks start piling up.,10,.,The,New,York,Times,is,(be)widely accepted in America.,解析:,该句主语是,moments,谓语动词该用复数形式,依据语境应用现在时,故填,are,。,解析:,句意,:,纽约时报在美国被广泛接收。题干中主语是一个报纸名称,谓语动词应用单数形式。,24/30,-,25,-,11,.This kind of operation,is,known,(know)as a robotic operation.,12,.Almost all international conferences and competitions,are,conducted,(conduct)in English.,解析:,主语为单数形式,且与,know,之间存在被动关系,故填,is,known,。,解析:,分析句子结构可知,空格前是主语部分,所填词为谓语,且主语与,conduct,之间存在被动关系,所以要用被动语态,;,依据句意可知句子说是普通事实,用普通现在时表示。所以答案是,are,conducted,。,25/30,-,26,-,13,.Acquiring the wisdom to make wise choices,is,(be)the lasting challenge of being human.,14,.(,江苏改编,)Generally,students,inner motivation with high expectations from others,is,(be)essential to their development.,解析:,该句是,acquiring,短语做主语,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式,故填,is,。,解析:,主语为,motivation,故谓语动词用单数形式,;,依据语境及,generally,可知,描述为普通情况,故使用普通现在时,用,is,。,26/30,-,27,-,15,.(,安徽改编,)Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,keeps,(keep)some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.,16,.(,福建改编,)The famous musician,as well as his students,was,invited,(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the Taipei Flower Expo.,解析:,句意,:,沃尔玛,美国最大连锁超市之一,让它一些分店从周一到周六,一天,24,小时营业。由句意可知,要用普通现在时,;Walmart,做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。,解析:,句意,:,这位著名音乐家和他学生被邀请在,台北花博会开幕式上演出。,as,well,as,连接两个并列名词做主语时,依据其前名词来判断谓语动词形式且依据句意可知动作发生在过去,故填,was,invited,。,27/30,-,28,-,17,.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which,were,(be)saved for other purposes.,18,.Is everyone here?,Not yet.Look!There,come,(come)the rest of our guests!,解析:,the,rest,指代是前面,materials,故谓语动词用复数形式。,解析:,表示地点、方位等副词放于句首句子要用倒装形式,谓语动词要和后面,our,guests,一致,故用复数形式。,28/30,-,29,-,19,.The fact that so many people still smoke in public places,suggests,(suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.,20,.He is the only one of the students who,has,been,(be)a winner of scholarship for three years.,解析:,主语是,the,fact,that,so,many,people,still,smoke,in,public,places,是同位语从句,谓语动词和,the,fact,保持一致,故用单数形式。,解析:,“the,only,one,of+,复数名词,+,定语从句,”,结构中,从句中谓语动词要用单数形式。从句意及后面,for,three,years,可知,用现在完成时,故填,has,been,。,29/30,-,30,-,.,完成句子,(,每空一词,),1,.,桌子上有两本书和一本词典。,There,are,two books and a dictionary on the desk.,2,.,做这项工作四十分钟足够了。,Forty minutes,is,enough for the work.,3,.,玛丽眼镜破了。,Mary,s glasses,are,broken.,4,.,学生们和老师都被他演讲打动了。,The students as well as the teacher,were/are,moved by his speech.,5,.,这里工厂大约有300个工人。,The number of the workers of this factory,is,about 300.,30/30,