小升初英语总复习-第二章-词类-第一节-名词.pptx

第二章 词 类,第一节 名 词,1/37,知识梳理,一、名词概念,表示人、物、事、时、地等实体或抽象概念词叫作名词。,二、名词分类,2/37,可数名词单数形式前面要用,a/an,表示特指时候，前面要用,the,谓语动词用单数形式。,如：,I can see a cat in the tree.,Could you please give me an orange?,The girl is a Chinese.,2.,不可数名词不能按个数来计算，前面不能加,a/an,不过特指时，也要加,the,，在句子中谓语动词对应地要用单数形式。,如：,No news is good news.,There is lots of rice in the bag.,The milk in the bottle is fresh.,【,注,】,不可数名词不能用,many,表示“许多”，而要用,much,或者,lots of,等来表示。,3/37,3.,集体名词中有词只能当复数对待。,如：,The Chinese people are hard-working.,The police are looking for the lost boy.,【,注,】,也有些集体名词被看作一个整体时，其谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，但若考虑组成这个集体各个组员时，其谓语动词应用复数形式。这类词包含,family,，,class,，,team,，,group,等。,如：,My family is a large one.,My family are watching TV now.,4/37,三、可数名词复数改变规则,1.,可数名词复数形式规则改变。,(1),普通情况下在末尾直接加,s,。如：,mapmaps,bagbags,(2),以,s,，,x,，,sh,，,ch,结尾名词，在末尾加,es,。如：,busbuses,boxboxes,dishdishes,watchwatches,(3),以辅音字母加,y,结尾名词，变,y,为,i,，再加,es,。如：,familyfamilies,flyflies,【,注,】,以元音字母加,y,结尾名词，,y,不变，直接在末尾加,s,。如：,boyboys,monkeymonkeys,5/37,(4),以,o,结尾名词，变复数时,普通情况下在末尾加,s,。如：,photophotos,pianopianos,zoozoos,【,注,】,小学阶段有两个以,o,结尾名词，变复数时，要在末尾加,es,。它们是：,potatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes,(5),以,f,，,fe,结尾名词，变,f,，,fe,为,ves,。如：,halfhalves,knifeknives,leafleaves,wolfwolves,2.,可数名词复数形式不规则改变。,(1),单复数同形。如：,deerdeer,sheepsheep,fishfish,6/37,(2)oo,变为,ee,。如：,footfeet,toothteeth,goosegeese,【,注,】book,school,等词变复数时，直接在末尾加,s,。如：,bookbooks,，,schoolschools,(3)a,变为,e,。如：,manmen,womanwomen,【,注,】,由,man,，,woman,组成复合词，也要如此改变。如：,a man doctorsix men doctors,a woman teachernine women teachers,(4),加词尾变复数。如：,childchildren,oxoxen,(5),特殊改变。如：,mousemice,7/37,(6),表示国家、国民名词变复数时，其改变规则有以下窍门：,中日不变英法变，有,man,，,woman,变,men,women(German,除外,),，其余后面加,s,。如,:,ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese,EnglishmanEnglishmen EnglishwomanEnglishwomen,FrenchmanFrenchmen FrenchwomanFrenchwomen,AmericanAmericans GermanGermans,8/37,四、不可数名词计量方法,1.,用,much/some/a little/little/a lot of/lots of/plenty of+,不可数名词。,如：,some watera little milka lot of money,2.,普通用“数字,+,计量单位,+of+,名词”来表示不可数名词量。,如：,a piece of news two pieces of advice,a glass of wine three cups of tea,a drop of water,一滴水,three bottles of milk,【,注,】,这种形式用在句子中，谓语动词形式随量词改变而改变。,如：,There are three cups of tea on the tea table.,A drop of water drops on my head.,9/37,五、名词全部格,名词全部格表示人或物所属关系，意为“,(,谁,),”。全部格形式有以下几个：,1.s,属格,由名词后加,s,或,组成，多用来表示有生命人或动物所属关系。,其使用方法以下：,(1),用于有生命名词之后。,如：,Mary s coat my sister s room the ducks food,【,注,】,若名词已是复数形式，词尾又是,s,，只加,。如,:the girls dresses the boys ball,10/37,若一样事物为两人共有，则在后一个人名用全部格表示。,如：,Amy and Anns mother,艾米和安妈妈,(,说明,Amy,和,Ann,是亲姐妹，她们妈妈是同一个人,),假如不是两人共有，而是各自，则两个名词都用全部格，且其后名词应为复数形式。,如：,Amys and Anns mothers,艾米妈妈和安妈妈,(,说明,Amy,和,Ann,不是亲姐妹,),(2),用于表示天体名词之后。,如：,the suns heat,the moons light,11/37,(3),用于表示时间、度量与货币名词之后。,如：,ten minutes walk todays newspaper,(4),用于表示店铺或某人家时，全部格后面常不出现它所修饰名词。,如：,the bakerys,面包店,my grandparents,我爷爷奶奶家,12/37,2.of,属格,名词,+of+,名词组成,of,属格，多用来表示无生命东西或事物所属关系。,如：,a map of China the door of the house,3.,双重属格,of+,名词,s,组成双重属格，表示整体中一个或部分。,如：,a friend of my father s(=one of my father s friends),a lovely baby of Mrs Green s,13/37,考点精析,考点,1,考查可数名词与不可数名词分类,【,例,1】,将方框内名词按要求分类，并将其字母编号写在横线上。,可数名词：,不可数名词：,A.monkey,B.book,C.student,D.milk,E.baby F.rice G.paper H.weather,14/37,解析：,这类题要求学生掌握可数名词与不可数名词定义及其区分方法，知道能够直接用数量加以计算是可数名词；液体、纸张、信息等物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。,答案：,可数名词：,A,，,B,，,C,，,E,不可数名词：,D,，,F,，,G,，,H,15/37,举一反三,1.,给以下名词加上,a,或,an,。,(1),apple,(2),chair,(3),jeep (4),eraser,2.,请将方框内单词按所给开头分类。,(1)a,(2)an,(3)some,book,photo,egg,apple,T-shirt water juice watermelon,an,a,a,an,book,photo,T-shirt,watermelon,egg,apple,water,juice,16/37,3.,单项填空。,()(1)There is an,in the basket.,A.orange,B.tomato,C.potato,()(2)Can I have,water,？,A.a B.any C.some,A,C,17/37,考点,2,考查名词分类,【,例,2】,仿照例子，将以下单词分类。,18/37,解析：,这类题考查学生对单词按含义或属性等方式分类能力。学生必须对单词词义有充分了解，才能将其准确归位。因而平时在记单词时候，单词词形、词音、词义及其使用方法都要专心记牢。,答案：,19/37,举一反三,给以下单词分类。,Monday Friday Wednesday,Chinese English PE,yellow red green,elephant donkey fish,20/37,考点,3,考查单词单复数改变以及单词或词组含义及利用,【,例,3】,用括号里所给单词适当形式填空。,1.There are four (child)playing football.,2.How many (knife)do you have?,解析,:,这类题考查名词复数改变形式。本题第,1,小题,There are,后跟名词复数形式。那么,child,经过不规则改变得到其复数形式,children,。第,2,小题,How many,后跟名词复数形式。名词复数形式规则改变有那么一条：以,f,或,fe,结尾单词，把,f,或,fe,变为,v,，再加,es,，所以,knife,复数形式是,knives,。,答案：,1.children 2.knives,21/37,举一反三,1.,写出以下单词复数形式。,(1)family_,(2)wolf_,(3)baby _,(4)box_,(5)woman _,(6)man_,(7)foot_,(8)tooth_,(9)fish_,(10)sheep_,(11)mouse,_,(12)bus,_,_,families,wolves,babies,boxes,women,men,feet,teeth,fish,sheep,mice,buses,22/37,【,例,4】,依据句意或括号内提醒补全单词，完成句子。,1.There are four _(,季节,)in a year.,2.Three and four _,seven.,3.The fifth month of a year is _.,4.That blue bottle is _(Mike).,解析,:,名词使用在句子中时，要考虑不只是单词拼写，还要考虑该名词量，也就是其单复数，以及名词全部格等信息。第,1,小题要填单词前面有数量,four,可知要填单词复数形式,而这往往是学生最轻易疏漏地方；第,2,小题,Three,和,four,所表示都是大于,1,量，不过本题中,three and four,合成一个概念，意为,23/37,“三加四”，作不可数名词了解；所以谓语用单数形式,;,第,3,小题是一个纯粹词义解释题；第,4,小题,The blue bottle,和,Mike,不能对应，二者只能是所属关系，故要填全部格形式。,答案：,1.seasons 2.is 3.May 4.Mikes,24/37,举一反三,2.,依据句意及首字母提醒补全单词，完成句子。,(1)My mother bought many things in the s _.,(2)If you walk or drive on the road,you should know the t_,rules.,(3)The first month of the year is J _.,3.,依据汉字提醒写单词或词组。,(1)The elephant has two long _(,牙齿,).,(2)_(,教师节,)is on Sept.10.,(3)I have lots of _(,番茄和土豆,)here.,upermarket,raffic,anuary,teeth,Teachers Day,tomatoes and potatoes,25/37,【,例,5】,趣味英语选择。,()1.A word has all the 26 letters in it.It is“”.,family B.book C.Alphabet,()2.Dont play a double game.Its not good.,画线部,分汉字意思是。,A.,说双关语,B.,耍两面派,C.,玩双重游戏,解析,:,这类题类似于脑筋急转弯，题目可能以样,单项选择形式出现，也可能在短文阅读中出现。提议,在平时学习和阅读中多积累。,答案：,1.C 2.B,26/37,举一反三,4.,趣味英语填空。,(1)There is a saying,（谚语），“,Love me,love my dog.”Whats the Chinese meaning,（意思）？,Its _,(in Chinese).,(2)Jim,Tom and Sam have seventeen apples.Jim wants one half,（二分之一）,of them.Tom wants one third,（三分之一）,of them.Sam wants one ninth,（九分之一）,of them.At last do you know how many apples Sam can get?,He can get _.,爱屋及乌,two,27/37,过关检测,一、写出以下名词复数形式。,class _ 2.bus _,3.box _ 4.leaf _,5.knife_ 6.baby _,7.factory_ 8.boy_,9.tomato_ 10.potato_,classes,buses,boxes,leaves,knives,babies,factories,boys,tomatoes,potatoes,28/37,11.photo _ 12.peach _,13.sheep _ 14.library_,15.man _ 16.woman_,17.foot _ 18.child _,photos,peaches,sheep,libraries,men,women,feet,children,29/37,二、按要求各写四个名词。,1.,职业：,_,2.,动物：,_,3.,蔬菜：,_,4.,颜色：,_,5.,国家：,_,6.,地点：,_,7.,交通工具：,_,8.,课程：,_,doctor teacher student farmer,dog cat cow sheep,eggplant potato tomato carrot,red green yellow black,China America Canada Australia,school hospital library shop,bus car plane ship,Chinese English maths art(,答案不唯一,),30/37,三、用括号内所给单词适当形式填空。,1.There are some_(child)in the classroom.,2.Is this an_(egg)?,3.I can see seven_(wolf)in the zoo.,4.Look!I have two_(box).,5.How many_ (sheep)are there in your farm?,children,egg,wolves,boxes,sheep,31/37,四、选出以下单词中不一样类一项。,（）,1.A.panda B.tiger C.giraffe D.pencil,（）,2.A.schoolbag B.ruler C.plane D.eraser,（）,3.A.foot B.hand C.teacher D.ears,（）,4.A.guitar B.violin C.piano D.student,（）,5.A.sunny B.Monday C.Tuesday D.Friday,（）,6.A.tomorrow B.yesterday C.today D.summer,（）,7.A.doctor B.nurse C.zebra D.policeman,（）,8.A.banana B.bike C.apple D.watermelon,（）,9.A.mouth B.leg C.eye D.nose,（）,10.A.airport B.rainy C.museum D.hospital,D,C,C,D,A,D,C,B,B,B,32/37,五、单项填空。,()1.My name is .,A.Wang Xiao Lin B.Wang Xiaolin C.wang xiao lin,()2.All the in the hospital got a rise last month.,A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors,()3.Are there any on the farm?,Yes,there are some.,A.Horse B.duck C.sheep,()4.Mike hurt one of his in the accident(,意外,)yesterday.,A.Tooth B.feet C.hand,()5.My mother is doctor.,A.a B.an C.the,B,C,C,B,A,33/37,()6.They are thirsty.Give them .,A.some bottles of waters B.some water C.a water,()7.The police helpful.,A.is B.are C.am,()8.The class having a maths class in the classroom now.,A.is B.are C.be,()9.My brother is reading .,todays a newspaper B.todays newspaper,C.today of newspaper,()10.The girl is Susan.She is .,a friend of my sister B.my sisters a friend,C.a friend of my sisters,B,B,B,B,C,34/37,()11.There are three and seven in the picture.,A.cows;sheeps B.cow;sheeps C.cows;sheep,()12.Chen Jie is .,A.mine friend B.a friend of my C.a friend of mine,()13.My skirt is so pretty.,A.sister B.sisters C.sisters,()14.Mr Green is father.,A.Jim and Jacks B.Jims and Jacks C.Jims and Jacks,()15.rooms are both very pretty.,A.Kates and Joans B.Kates and Joan C.Kate and Joans,C,C,C,A,A,35/37,()16.I want to buy .,two bottles of ink B.two bottle of inks,C.two bottles of inks,()17.“My sister has a sweet tooth”.,中“,has a sweet tooth”,意思是“”。,A.,有一颗甜牙,B.,有一颗蛀牙,C.,喜欢吃甜食,()18.Johns bedroom is at sixes and sevens.,画线部分意思是“”。,A.,六神无主,B.,乱七八糟,C.,整整齐齐,()19.Whats the Chinese meaning(,意思,)for“six of one and half a dozen(,一打,)of the other”?,A.,半斤八两,B.,六分之一,C.,人云亦云,()20.Whats the Chinese meaning for“A close mouth catches no flies”?,A.,闭嘴不吃苍蝇,B.,别说话,C.,病从口入,A,C,B,A,C,36/37,六、按要求改写以下句子。,1.This woman is a nurse.(,用复数形式改写句子,),These _ _ _.,2.There are some old cars behind the house.(,用单数形式改写句子,),There _ _ old _ behind the house.,3.He has a new book.(,用复数形式改写句子,),_ _ new _.,4.Are these your English-Chinese dictionaries?(,用单数形式改写句子,),_ _ your English-Chinese _?,5.Is there a sheep on the hill?(,用复数形式改写句子,),_ there _ _ on the hill?,women,are,nurses,is,an,car,They,have,books,Is,this,dictionary,Are,any,sheep,37/37,