定语从句--lynn.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句复习,1.This is the hotel in the city _ I know.A.It B.where C.that D.who,2.,Your teacher of Chinese is a young,lady_ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose,3.Is there anything else_ you require?A.which B.that C.who D.what,4.Whats the name of the man_?A.,y,ou borrowed his car,B.which car you borrowed C.,w,hose car you borrowed D.,h,is car you borrowed,一、定,义及相关术语,1.定语从句：,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。,2.先行词：,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,。,3.关系词：,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,。,关系词通常有下列三个作用：,A.,引导定语从句,；,B.,代替先行词,；,C.,在定语从句中担当一个成分。,1.,The students,(,who dont study hard,),will,not pass,the exam.,主句:,The students will not pass the exam.,2.,The woman,(,whom you saw in the park,),is our,English teacher.,主,句,:,The woman is our English teacher.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,先行词,定语从句,先行词,定语从句,3.A shoe shop is a shop which sells shoes.,主句：,A shoe shop is a shop.,4.The book,that you want,is on the desk.,主句,:,The book is on the desk.,5.The man who told us a funny story is in the,next room.,主句,:,The man is in the next room.,二、关系词的选择,关系代词,which,，,that,who,whom,whose,as,关系副词,when,where,why,步骤：,1.,划出定语从句,2.,找出先行词,看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因,看定语从句中缺什么成分,在从句中作主、宾、定,在从句中作状语,关系代词,主语,宾语,定语,指人,指物,That,Who,Whom,Which,whose,A.,关系代词,(that,which,whom,在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,),=of which/of whom,1)A plane is a machine _can fly.,2)The noodles,_,I saw were delicious.,3)Lets ask the man _is reading the book over there.,4)The girl,_we saw yesterday is Jims sister.,5)The foreigner _visited our school yesterday is from Canada.,6).Thats the man,_ house was burned down,.,whose,that/which,主语,that/which,that/who,that/who/whom,who/that,宾语,主语,宾语,主语,定语,1、Do you have,anything,_you want to say for yourself?,2、This is the,very,book _Im looking for.,3、This is,the best,_has been used against pollution.,4、What is,the first,American film _you have seen?,5、I know,the things and persons,_he referred to.,6、,Which,is the bike_you lost?,7、They secretly built up a small factory,which,produced things_could cause pollution,1.,在先行词是指物的时候，宜用,that,而不用,which,的情况,1.,当先行词是不定代词,all,much.little.something,.,everything.anything.nothing.none.the one,等,2.,当先行词前面有,only.any.few.little.no.all.,very,等词修饰,3.,当先行词是,形容词最高级,或它的,前面有形,容词最高级修饰,4.,当先行词是,序数词,或它,前面有序数词修饰,5.,当先行词,既有人又有物,6.,当主句的主语是疑问词,who,或,which,7.,有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用,Which/who/whom,，另外一个宜用,that,(,为避免重复使用某个词,),难点一：,关系代词,who/whom/that,和,which,不能互换的场合,1.This is all_I know about the matter.,A.that B.what C.who D.whether,2.Is there anything else_you want?,A.which B.that C.who D.what,3.The last place _we visited was,the Great Wall.,A.which B.that C.where D.it,Choose the best answers:,4.Please take the second chair_is over there.,A.where B.which C.who D.that,5.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?,A.that B./C.which D.it,6.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98),A.which B.what C.whatever D.that,1.She is no longer the girl_ she used to be.A.who B.that C.which D.whom,8.,关系词在定语从句中当,表语,，用,that,B,2.He was not the man _ he was before.A.who B.whom C.that D.which,C,2.,宜用,which/who/whom,而不用,that,的情况：,1).,当定语从句的介词提前时，要用,which,，构成,“介词,+which,（或,whom,）”,e.g.:The house in,which,they lived last year,has been rebuilt.,2).,引导非限制性定语从句时，要用,which/who/whom,e.g.,：,He bought a railway ticket for the woman,which,helped her a lot.,3).,先行词本身是,that,e.g.,：,The clock is that,which,tells the time.,4).,先行词是,he,people,those,(,指人,),等指示代词时，要用,whom/who,e.g.:Those,who,are for me,put up your hands.,1.The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.,2.The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,3.The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable,.,In the basket there are quite many apples,some of,_have gone bad.,There are forty students in our class in all,most of,_are from big cities.,Up to now,he has written ten stories,three of,_ are about country life.,which,which,whom,固定结构：,some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few,，数词,+of+which/whom,填入适当的介词,1.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.,on,I think you can depend()the man.,方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.,难点二：,介词的选择,2.He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,with,I am not very familiar()some reference books.,3.He made a hole in the wall,_ which he could see what was going on outside the house.,先行词是：,a hole,through,he could see what was going on outside the house()a hole.,1.There is a great deal of oxygen around us,_we could not live.,A without it B which,C without which D that,2.I cant believe that restaurant,_I have eaten such wonderful meals,is going to close down.,A at where B at which,C which D in which,3.The beautiful dress _ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.,A in which B wearing which,C that D wearing that,用适当的关系词填空：,1.Look at that lady,_,name is,Pochi,.,2.She is a teacher,_,_,_,I like very much.,3.Those pictures,_ were drawn by Tom are nice.,4.Those _will go to the park stay here.,5.That was all the money _I had.,whose,whom/that,which/that,who,that,6.Tom is the first boy _left the room.,7.Look at the boy and his dog _are coming this way.,8.You can read any book _I have.,9.,The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner.,10.,The manager,in,_company I work pays much attention to,improving our working conditions.,that,that,that,whom,whose,11.Shanghai is the city _ I was born.,12.Do you remember the years _ he lived in the countryside with his grandparents.,in which,I was born()the city.,in which,He lived in the countryside with his grandfather()the years.,where,when,B.,关,系,副,词,（,=,介词,+which,）,先行词,状语,地点,时间,原因,where,when,why/for which,1.Lily would never forget,the evening,_ she lost the ring.,A which B when,C at which D where,2.Tell me,the reason,_ you are late.,A.which B.why C of which D/,3.Do you still remember the chicken,farm,_ we visited three months ago?,A.where B.when,C.that D.what,4.Some pre-school children go to,a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.,A.then B.there,C.while D.where,分析定语从句成分,当主语、宾语 用,which that,当状语 用,where=,介词,+which,This is the museum _ I visited a few days ago.,where,B.that,C.on which,D.the one,This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.,where B.that,C.on which,D.the one,Is the exhibition _ the foreign friends visited yesterday?,A.that B.the one C.which D.where,先行词指地点,缺先行词,1.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day?,2.Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday?,3.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one,分析定语从句成分,当主语、宾语 用,which that,当状语 用,when=,介词,+which,I still remember the days _ we,spent,together.,when B.what C.that D.in which,I still remember the days _ we,worked,together.,A.when B.what C.that D.for which,先行词指时间,I will never forget the three years _ we both spent in the little village.,A.when B.during which,C.which D.in which,分析定语从句成分,当主语、宾语 用,which that,当状语 用,why=for which,Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work,？,A.that B.what C.how D.why,Is this the reason _ he was late for school,？,A.that B.which C.how D.why,先行词指原因,He was late for school,（）the reason,判断改错,1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.,2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.,3.This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.,4.Ill never forget the days(which)I spent in the countryside.,F,F,T,T,See you！,以,the way,为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由,in which,或,that,引导，而且通常可以,省略,。,e.g.,：,The way(that/in which),he answered the questions,was surprising.,1.,先行词是,the way,的定语从句：,I dont like the way(that/in which),you laugh at her,.,前提条件：,the way,在从句中做方式状语,2.,关,系代词,as,的用法：,1.as,可,以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,He married her,as/which,was natural,.,He is honest,as/which,we can see,.,2.as,引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可,以作为插入语置于主句之间。,as,常常有“正如、正像”的含义。,As,is known to all,China is a developing country.,He is from the south,as,we can know from his accent,.,John,as,you know,is a famous writer.,3.as,常用于,固定结构,“,so/suchas;the sameas”,-,像,一样；和,一样,Ive never heard such stories as,he tells,.,He is not such a fool as,he looks,.,This is the same dictionary as,I lost last week,.,注意,：,当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。,She wore the same dress that,she wore at Marys wedding,.,She wore the same dress as,her younger sister wore,.,比较：,限,制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.,限制性定语从句,形式上不用逗号“，”与主句,隔开。,意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。,B.,非限制性定语从,句,形式上用逗号“，”与主句隔开,.,意义上,是,对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意,思。,在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：,that,不能用来引导非限制性定语从句,why,不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用,for which,e.g.I have told them the reason,for which I didnt,attend the meeting,.,在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，,只能用,whom,，,不能用,who,替换,，,也不能省略,His wife,_ you met at my home,was a teacher.,A.whom B.who C.that D.whose,在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面,的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有,两个,:,which,as,1.Alice received an invitation from her boss,_ came as,a surprise.,it B.that C.which D.he,2._ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two,countries are making progress.,A.It B.As C.That D.What,区别：,a.which,只能放在句末，而,as,从句则还可以放在句首或句中。,b.,从意义上讲，,which,意为“这一点,而,as,却可表示”正如那样“，,有些,as,从句已成了固定句型,如：,as we all know,as is known to all,as you say,as I can see,as is reported,as you may have heard,定,语从句与同位语从句的区别,1,定语从句修,饰先,行词，它与先行词是,修饰关系,；同位语从句,说明先行词的具体内容,，它与先行词是同位关系。,The plane that,has just taken off is for Paris,.,The fact that,he has already died,is quite clear.,2,定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，,关系词在从句中担当相应的句子,成分,。,同位语从句主要由连词,that,引,导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由,where,when,how,who,whether,what,等疑问词引,导，这,些词在,从句,中具有疑问意义（,“,什么时候；哪儿；怎么样,”,）,The news that,he told me,is true.,The news that,he has just died,is true.,The problem that,we are facing now,is how we can collect so much money.,The problem how,we can collect so much money,is difficult to solve.,翻译,1.,他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。,He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.,2.,我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。,I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.,3.,她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。,She is a girl who is called Mary.,4.,那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。,Those boys who are playing tennis are,my friends.,5.,你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天,?,Do you remember the day when we,arrived here?,See you！,