高中定语从句讲解及练习（57张）.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,定语从句讲解及练习,1,在做定语从句练习时，避免以下错误观点：,先行词表示时间用,when,引导定语从句,先行词表示地点用,where,引导定语从句,先行词表示原因（,reason,）用,why,引导定语从句,2,正确的思路,:,“两找一看”,看先行词在定语从句中所做的成分，做主语,宾语用关系代词，做状语用关系副词。,介词,+which=,关系副词,（介词,+which,表示时间,=when;,表示地点,=where;for which,表示原因,=why,）,3,第一步,确定主句和先行词（定语从句所修饰的词）,第二步，把先行词放在不完整的句子中（定语从句），构成一个完整的句子（考虑定语从句的谓语有时需要加入适当的介词，才能放入先行词）,第三步，选用适当的关系代词或副词替代。,第四步，把关系代词或副词放在定语从句句首，然后放在先行词的后边,4,The man _ you talked just now is my neighbor.,A that B with which C with whom D whom,第一步：主句：,The man is my neighbor;,先行词：,the man,第二步：,the man,放在定语从句中，不可以说,you talked the man just now,根据,talk,的词法知识，需要加介词,with,才能跟宾语：,you talked with the man just now,第三步：,the man,在定语从句充当宾语，指人，我们用,whom,替代,You talked with whom just now,第四步：,The man whom you talked with just now is my neighbor.,根据所给答案，我们可以判断，定语从句的介词,with,提前，因此我们选,5,6,定语从句,一、定语从句概述,The story,that you read,is,The Rescue,.,你读的故事叫营救。,The story,是,“,先行词,”,，,that you read,是定语从句，,that,是关系代词。,（一）概念,7,定语从句,（二）使用关系代词还是关系副词,当引导词在句中,作主语或宾语,时，要用关系,代,词；当引导词在句中,作状语,时，要用关系,副,词。如：,This is the palace,where he works,.(where,状语时，等于,in which),I often think of the days,that I spent in Browns last summer,.(that,作,spent,的宾语=,the days),He kept the laughing during the two hours,(that)it took to fly to Beijing,.(that,作,took,的宾语，等于,two hours),8,定语从句,（三）定语从句的分类,定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，如：,My brother,who lives in New York,has six children.,（限制性定语从句）,我住在纽约的那个兄弟有六个孩子。（我的兄弟不只一个。住在纽约的那位只是其中之一。）,My brother,who lives in New York,has six children.,（非限制性定语从句）,我兄弟有六个孩子，他住在纽约。（我只有一个兄弟，且他住在纽约。）,9,定语从句,She has found the necklace,(that)she lost two weeks ago,.,1、限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时,不用,逗号分开，如：,How do you apologize to your friend,whose bike you lost,?,10,定语从句,Helen,who was sitting on my left,said that this meal was the best she had ever had.,2、非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用,that,引导。如：,Lijiang,where I was born,is very beautiful.,海伦坐在我的旁边说这时她吃过的最好的一顿饭。,3、有些定语从句，究竟是限制性还是非限制性的，要根据上下文来判断。,11,定语从句,（四）关系代词引导的定语从句,1,、关系代词概述,关系代词有,who,whom,that,which,whose,。当先行词指人时用,who,whom,当先行词指物时用,which,;,whose,是,who,和,which,的所有格形式，表示“的”，,that,既可指人，也可指物。这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作主语时关系代词不可省略，作宾语时可以省略。,12,定语从句,2、当先行词指人时使用,who,和,whom,，若在句中作主语用,who,；如果作宾语用,whom,，但在口语中，常用,who,代替,whom,，也可以省略。如：,The foreigner,who,visited our school yesterday,is from Canada.(,关系代词,who,在从句中作主语,),The girl,we met yesterday,is Li Leis sister.(,关系代词,who,whom,或,that,在从句中作宾语，已被省略,),13,定语从句,3、当先行词指物时，用,which,或,that.,They planted the trees,which/that dont need much water,.,The fish,(which)we bought,were not fresh.,Miss Smith is the teacher,whose,house,caught fire last week,.,4、,whose,引导定语从句，先行词可是人也可是物，,whose,在从句中作定语，其后必跟一个名词,。如：,史密斯老师便是上周房子着火的那名老师。,14,定语从句,5、,that,先行词既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：,A plane is a machine,that can fly,.,Lets ask the man,that is reading the book over there,.,（,1,）,The athlete,to whom you talked,is a famous runner.,6,、如果关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置,15,定语从句,（,2,）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如：,Is this the watch,which/that he is,looking for,?,The old man,whom/who the nurses are looking after,is very well now.,The city,that she lives in,is very far away.,（3）关系代词,that,，,who,在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。如：,16,定语从句,（4）关系代词,whose,也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。如：,The boss,in whose company my father worked,is a very kind person.,Is there anything,that I can do for you,?,7、只用,that,作关系代词的场合,我父亲工作的那个公司的老板是一个非常和善的人。,（1）被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如,all,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one,something,等时，只能用,that,。如：,17,定语从句,（2）先行词被,only,very,just,last,one of,all,no,little,few,any,等词修饰时，只能用,that,。如：,The only thing,that I want to do,is to have a rest.,He was the first person,that passed the exam,.,（3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，只用,that,。如：,（,4,）先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只用,that,。,This is the best way,that can solve the problem,.,18,定语从句,（5）先行词既有人也有物时，只用,that,。如：,The film star and her film,that,you have just talked about,are really very famous.,He brought two cats yesterday.Now I can see the two,that,are playing in the garden,.,（,6,）被修饰词为数词时，只用,that,。如：,（7）如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词用,which,引导，则另一个用,that,以避名重复；如：,He built up a factory,which,produced things,that,had never been seen before,.,19,定语从句,（8）主句是,there be,结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用,that,。如：,There is a book on the desk,that,belongs to Frank,.,This is the house,of,which,the windows face south,.,8、只用,which,作关系代词的场合。,（2）引导非限制性定语从句,which,可代先行词或者前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。如：,Tom came back,which,made us happy,.,（1）当关系代词前有介词时，只用,which,。如：,20,定语从句,（3）先行词为,that,时，引导词用,which,。如：,Whats that,which was put in the car,?,Let me show you the novel,that I borrowed from the library,which,was newly open to us,.,（4）一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用,that,，另一个则用,which,。如：,9、通常要用,who,代表人作关系代词的场合。,21,定语从句,（1）当先行词是,one,，,ones,，,anyone,或,those,等，只用,who,。如：,Anyone,who,does that,must be mad.,There is a young man,who,wants to see you,.,（2）用在,there be,结构中，主语指人时，只用,who,。如：,Those,who,dare to break the law,will be punished.,22,定语从句,（3）当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时，只用,who,。如：,The man,that spoke at the meeting,is our new headmaster,who,had just come from Shanghai,.,（4）为了避免重复或引起歧义，当句子中有两个定语从句，一个用,that,时，另一个用,who,。如：,I met a,friend,of mine in the park yesterday,who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games,.,那个在会上讲话的人是我们的新校长，他来自上海。,23,定语从句,（5）当先行词是,I,，,you,，,he,，,they,等时（常用于谚语之中）。如：,He,who plays with fire,gets burned.,He,who doesnt reach the Great Wall,is not a true man.,不到长城非好汉。,玩火自焚。,24,定语从句,（五）关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词有,why,when,where,在定语从句中代替先行词，作状语，不可省略，有时也可用“介词+,which”,代替。,Well never forget the happy time,when we worked on the farm.,I still remember the day,when I first came to Beijing,.,1、,when,指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：,25,定语从句,This is the house,where we lived last year,.,2、,where,指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：,The factory,where his father works,is in the west of the city.,3、,why,指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，如：,There are several reasons,why we cant do that,.,He couldnt give the teacher a good reason,why he was late for school,.,26,定语从句,*当先行词是,way,时，引导词通常用,that/in which,或不用任何引导词如：,This is the way,（,that/in which）he did it.,27,定语从句,（八）定语从句的主谓一致,The recorder,that,has,been given to me,is home-made.,1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：,I,who,am,your classmate,will share the work with you.,28,定语从句,He is one of the students,who have made great progress,.,2、“,one of+,复数名词,”位于关系代词前作先行词时，从句的动词通常要用,复数,；当,one,前有,the(only),the(very,),等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用,单数,。如：,Mr Wang is the only one of my friends,who has been invited to have dinner with us,.,29,定语从句,（九）,as,引导的定语从句,I wan to have such a dictionary,as he has,.,1、,as,用作关系代词或关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句作主语、宾语和状语等，构成,“,the sameas”,，“,suchas”,等结构。如：,I shall do it in the same way was,as you did,.(as,作状语),I like the same book,as you do,.,30,定语从句,The experiment is very important,as indeed it is,.(as,代表整个句子，作表语),2、,as,引导非限定性定语从句。,as,在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。如：,As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.,（,as,代表整个句子，作主语）,As we all know,he studies very hard.,（,as,代表整个句子，作宾语）,31,定语从句,常用这种类似插入语的句式有,as is said above(,正如以上所说）,as already mentioned,above,（正如上文所提及的那样）,as is known to all,（正如我们所知道的那样）,as it is,（按现在的样子）,as is often the case,（,是常有的事）,as is reported in the newspaper,（正如所报）,等。,32,定语从句,注意：,1、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。,2、关系代词,whom,which,that,在限制性语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，而该介词又位于从句末尾，经常省略，但,as,一般不能省略。,3、关系代词,which,和,as,在定语从句的区别是：,which,不能放在句首，而,as,则可以；在句中时，,as,有“正如”、“就像”之意，而,which,则没有此意。,33,历年高考真题再现,1.I have many friends,_ some are businessmen.,(NMET 2005,全国卷,I,，,24),A.of themB.from which,C.who ofD.of whom,2.Why does she always ask you for help?,There is no one else _,is there.(NMET 2005,北京，35),A.who to turn toB.she can turn to,C.for whom to turnD.for her to turn,D,B,34,历年高考真题再现,3.,Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods,from _ effects the people are still suffering.,(NMET 2005,天津，13),A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what,4.,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.(NMET 2005,江苏，32),A.which;whereB.at which;which,C.at which;whereD.which;in which,B,C.at which;where,35,历年高考真题再现,5.,Is that the small town you often refer to?,Right,just the one _ you know I used to work for years.(NMET 2005,福建，35),A.thatB.which C.whereD.what,6.,Her sister has become a lawyer,_ she wanted to be.,(NMET 2005,湖北，29),A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which,C,D,36,历年高考真题再现,7.Franks dream was to have his own shop _ to produce the workings of his own hands.,(NMET 2005,湖南，27),A.that B.in which C.by whichD.how,8.,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger.,(NMET 2005,广东，35),A.in which B.by which C.whichD.that,B,A,37,历年高考真题再现,9.,Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_ he studied very hard and was mad Chairman of the Students Union.,(NMET 2005,重庆，32),A.during which time,B.for which time,C.during whose time,D.by that time,A,38,历年高考真题再现,10.,He was educated at a local grammar school,_ he went on to Cambridge.,(NMET 2005,山东，30),A.from whichB.after that,C.after whichD.from this,C,11.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the job _ they are being trained.(NMET 2005,江西，25),A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which,D,39,历年高考真题再现,10.,He was educated at a local grammar school,_ he went on to Cambridge.,(NMET 2005,山东，30),A.from whichB.after that,C.after whichD.from this,C,11.The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the job _ they are being trained.(NMET 2005,江西，25),A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which,D,40,历年高考真题再现,12.,The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 22 days.,(NMET 2004,全国卷,I,，,28),A.of whichB.during which,C.from whichD.for which,A,13.,The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.(NMET 2004,全国卷,II,，,23),A.for whichB.at which,C.in whichD.on which,C,41,历年高考真题再现,14.There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.(NMET 2004,全国卷,III,，,23),A.where B.which C.when D.that,A,15.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,_ five are mine.(NMET 2004,全国卷,IV,，,24),A.on whichB.in which,C.of whichD.from which,C,42,历年高考真题再现,16.George Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.(NMET 2004,北京，26),A.the real nameB.what his real name,C.his real nameD.whose real name,D,17._ is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.(NMET 2004,北京，34),A.It B.As C.That D.What,B,43,历年高考真题再现,18.,Helen was much kinder to her younger son than to the others,_,of course,made the others envy him.(NMET 2004,天津，23),A.who B.that C.what D.which,D,19.,American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.(NMET 2004,上海，36),A.who B.as,C.about whom D.with whom,D,44,历年高考真题再现,20.,The factory produces half million pairs of shoes every year,_ 80%are sold abroad.(NMET 2004,辽宁，35),A.of whichB.which of,C.of themD.of that,A,21._,is often the case,we have worked out the production plan.(NMET 2004,江苏，33),A.Which B.When C.What D.As,D,45,历年高考真题再现,22.,Anyway,that evening,_Ill tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachels place.(NMET 2004,浙江，35),A.when B.where C.what D.which,D,23.,There was _ time _ I hated to go to school.(NMET 2004,湖北，23),A.a;that B.a;when,C.the;that D.the;when,B.a;when,46,历年高考真题再现,24.,There are two buildings,_ stands nearly a hundred feet high.(NMET 2004,湖北，25),A.the larger B.the larger of them,C.the larger one that D.the larger of which,D,25.,What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.(NMET 2004,湖北，29),A.the wayB.in the way that,C.in the wayD.the way which,A,47,历年高考真题再现,26.,I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(NMET 2004,湖南，23),A.how B.which C.where D.that,C,27.,I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.(2003,上海，41),A.why B.which C.as D.where,D,48,历年高考真题再现,28._,has been announced,we shall have our final exams next month.(NMET 2003,春，上海，32),A.That B.As C.It D.What,B,29.,We will be shown around the city:schools,museums,and some other places,_ other visitors seldom go.(NMET 2002,北京，22),A.what B.which C.where D.when,C,49,历年高考真题再现,30.,He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(NMET 2002,春，上海，26),A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,D,31.,Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002,春，上海，35),A.he explained B.what he explained,C.how he explained D.why he explained,A,50,历年高考真题再现,32.,The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001，22),A.until B.that C.when D.where,C,33._,is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET 2001，34),A.It B.As C.That D.What,B,51,历年高考真题再现,34.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_,of course,made the others unhappy.(NMET 2000，17),A.who B.which C.this D.what,B,35.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.(NMET 2000,，上海，28),A.which priceB.the price of which,C.its priceD.the price of whose,B,52,36.He took all _ was here and left nothing.,A.what B.which C.that D.whose,37.The second book _ I want to read is Travels in China.,A.which B.what C.that D.as,C,C,跟踪练习,53,38.The boy handed everything _ he had picked up in the street to the police.,A.which B.that,C.what D.whatever,39.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.,A.that B.whose C.that D.it,B,A,跟踪练习,54,40.They reason _ Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.,A.because B.why C.for D.as,41.This is the reason _ he gave us for carrying out the plan.,A.because B.why,C.when D.which,B,D,跟踪练习,55,42.She still remembers the days _ she was in the country _ she was young.,A.as;that B.which;when,C.when;as D.during which;that,43.She had two daughters,_ became doctors.,A.all of themB.all of whom,C.both of themD.both of whom,C.when;as,D,跟踪练习,56,44.The house _ roof was damaged has now been repaired.,A.whos B.whose,C.that D.of which,45.It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,_ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.,A.That B.while C.which D.when,B,D,跟踪练习,57,