现在完成时教学课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been,与,have gone,比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,Mother:John,clean your teeth please.,John:Mum,I,have,already,(,已经,)cleaned,them.,现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,主语+,have(has）,+,过去分词,现在完成时的基本句型：,肯定式,：,主语,+,助动词,have/has,+,动词的过去分词,.,疑问式,：,助动词,Have/Has,+,主语,+,动词的过去分词,?,否定式,:,主语,+,助动词,have/has+not,+,动词的过去分词,.,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,-Its so dark.,-Someone has turned off the light.,(,有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是,:,现在很黑,),-Are you free?,-I have finished my homework.I am free,.,(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,用法,1.,表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的结果或影响。,(,与一般过去时对比，一般过去时强调的是发生在过去的动作而现在完成时强调的是现在的结果或影响。,),现在完成时的主要用法,用法2.,动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。,I have lived here for 3 years.,He has taught English since 2001.,用法,3.,表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的,经历,.,上一页,下一页,I have,ever,been,to the Summer Palace?,(,我曾去过颐和园,),I,have,never,had,a car.,(,我从未有过汽车。,),现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,现在完成时的,时间状语,常与,already,yet,ever,never,just,before,up to,now,so far,for the last few weeks,these days,since,for a long time,上一页,下一页,主菜单,a,）,already,往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；,yet,用于否定句和疑问句。,He has already left here.,他已经离开这里了。,Has he already left here?,他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）,My teachers havent had breakfast yet.,我的老师们还没有吃早饭。,Have you written to your parents yet?,你已经给你父母写过信了吗？,yet,在现在完成时中的用法,否定句,:,句末“,还,(,没,),”,疑问句,:,句末“,己经,”,Eg.I havent had breakfast,yet,.,Have,you had breakfast,yet,?,b,）,never,是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而,ever,表示“曾经”,We have never been to the Great Wall.,我们从来没有去过长城。,Have you ever been to Canada?,你们曾经去过加拿大吗？,c,）,just,表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与,already,，,never,等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词,have/has,和动词过去分词之间）,He has just come back.,他刚刚回来。,They have just finished the work.,他们刚刚完成那项工作。,for,+,Eg.I have been here,for,5 weeks.,Hes studied English,for,3 years.,一段时间,since,+,从句,(,一般过去时,),单词,词组,(,表示过去某一时间的,),时间点,Eg.I have been here,since 2000.,I have been here,since 5 years ago,.,I have been here,since I graduated in 2000,.,have been,与,have gone,的用法比较,have been to,意思是“到过，去过”，表示,曾经到过某处,，但现在人不在那儿。,have gone to,意思是“去了”，表示,已经去了,某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。,have been in,意思是“,呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing?,她曾去过南京吗？,You have never been there,have you?,你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？,I have been to Guiling,I went there,last year.,我去过桂林，我去年去的。,She has gone to Nanjing.,她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,become,be,begin,be on,borrow,keep,buy ,have,come(go,arrive,get),be here/there/in,，,die,be,dead,finish,be over,join,be in,（,be a member of,）,leave,be away(from),下一页,上一页,主菜单,非延续性动词转化成延续性动词,leave-,come/go(to)-,arrive(at/in)-,get(to)-,reach-,buy-,borrow-,finish-,join-,start/begin-,die-,close-,open-,return-,marry-,become-,be,awa,y,(from),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),be(in/at),have,keep,be over,be in,/,be a/an,be on,be dead,be closed,be,open,be back,be,married,be,翻 译 练 习：,1.,我买了这块手表五年了。,2.,这位老人已经死了十年了。,I,have bought,this watch for five years.,I,have had,this watch,for,five years/,since,5 years,ago.,The old man,has died,for ten years.,The old man,has been dead,for ten,years/since 10,years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.,他已经回来三天了。,4.,自从六点钟他就来这儿了。,5.,我离开家乡已十年了。,He,has come back,for 3 days.,He,has been back,for,3 days/,since,3,days,ago,.,He,has come here,since 6 o,clock.,He,has been here,since 6 o,clock.,I,have left,hometown for 10 years.,I,have been away from,hometown for 10,years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在,完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，,但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）,;,而一般过去时，则只,讲述,发生在过去的动作和事情,与现在没有关系,。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,四,),It is+,一段时间,+since+,句子,(,一般过去时,),=,一段时间,+has passed,+since+,句子,(,一般过去时,),Eg.It is five years since I joined the army.,=Five years has passed since I joined the army.,动 词 填 空：,1._ you _(clean)the room?,Yes,we _(do)that,already,.,When _ you _(do)it?,We _(do)it,an hour ago,.,2._ he _(see)this film,yet,?Yes.,When _ he _(see)it?,He _ it,last week,.,3.How many times _you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改 错,1.How long have you,begun to study,English?,2.I have,borrowed,this book for two weeks.,3.The river has,become,very dirty since last August.,4.Our manager is away today.He has,been,to Guangzhou on business.,5.He has,gone,out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,、翻译下列句子：,1.,你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？,2.,我刚刚丢了我的语文书。,3.,我以前从来没去过,那个公园,4.,自从,1992,年他住在这里。,5.,这本字典我已买了三年了。,6.,他离开中国三年了,1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?,2.I have lost my Chinese book.,3.I have never been to that park.,4.,He has lived here since 1992.,5.I have had this dictionary for three years.,6.He has been away China for three years.,27,动词过去分词的变化规则,规则变化：,一般情况下，动词词尾加,-ed,，如：,worked played wanted acted,以不发音的,-e,结尾动词，动词词尾加,-d,，如：,lived moved decided hoped,以,辅音字母,+,y,结尾的动词，把,-y,变为,-i,再,加,-ed,，如：,studied tried copied cried,以一个辅音字母结尾的,重读闭音节,动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加,-ed,，如：,stopped begged dropped planned,28,不规则变化,AB,型,can-could shall-should will-would,AAA,型,cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit,hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put,set-set-set shut-shut-shut read-read-read,AAB,型,beat-beat-beaten,ABA,型,become-became-become come-came-come run-ran-run,The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.,A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned,2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be,3.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have met C met D meet,4.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned,C had been planning D have been planning,