Alvar-Aalto(阿尔瓦阿尔托).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Alvar,Aalto,1898-1976,1.Brief introduction,One of the most important architects of the 20th century,His design shows a relationship to Nature and local environment as a logical collaborator.,He achieved an absolute control of space,enriched by his continual involvement with human and psychological needs.,2.Experience,He was born in 1898 in Finland.,He studied at the Polytechnic Helsinki from 1916 to 1921.,In the following years he traveled widely in Europe.,In 1923,he opened his first office and in 1925 he married,Marsio,who was to be his most important collaborator until her death in 1949.,In 1927 he settled in,Turku,where his design showed the same direction as the most advanced contemporary work in central Europe.As can be seen in the Library in,Viipuri,and the Sanatorium(,疗养院,)in,Paimio,.,In 1931 he moved to Helsinki where his design completed integration into Finnish cultural life.As can be seen in the Villa Mairea(1938-9)and the Finnish Pavilion at the New York Worlds Fair(1939).,During the post-war period he was actively engaged in reconstruction work in Finland and finished a lot of projects,including the Town Hall in,Saynatsalo,(1950-53),the,Finlandia,Conference center and concert hall in Helsinki(1970-75).,the,Finlandia,Conference center and concert hall,He also designed a lot of buildings outside the capital,showing his capability and profundity of his thought,deeply rooted in the historical,cultural,and geographical traditions of his country,including and the,Vuoksenniska,Church,Imatra(1956-59).,Vuoksenniska,Church,Imatra(1956-59),He was also responsible for a series of buildings and projects outside Finland,such as the Senior Students Dormitory(Baker House)at the MIT(1947-8),the,Maison,Carre,in France(1956-59),the Cultural Center(1959-62)in Wolfsburg and Church at,Riola,in Italy(1966-78),.,3.Philosophy,1)Human and environment,Architecture serves for human beings.Caring for people is his first consideration in architectural design.,Through the treatment of space,volume,materials,lights and details,he created places full of human kindness.,He created buildings adapting to its environment through using curves.,City library,2),Space and light,Different ways of lighting created different form adapting to special climate.,Mount Angel Library,He is an expert of using materials to create different feelings.,3),Materials and furniture,Experimental House,2),Tuberculosis Sanatorium at,Paimio,Finland,(1929-33),Practice,Alvar,Aaltos,tuberculosis sanatorium remotely situated in thick forest about 29km east of,Turku,is the building that first put Finland on the modern architectural map.,Aaltos,winning competition design was made in 1929 and the sanatorium was built in 1929-33.,It is informally planned,each department occupying a separate wing and the wings radiating from the center at different angles,determined by the direction of sunlight and view.The reinforced concrete frame construction is fully exposed and fully exploited aesthetically:muscular yet gracefully modulated.,2),Municipal Library,Viipuri,1930-35,2),the Finnish Pavilion at the New York Worlds Fair,1939,This pavilion was truly a magic box from a spatial point of view on the inside,while it remained a simple functional box on the outside.,It represents a synthesis of,on the one hand,typical forms and symbols existing in the Finnish landscape and,on the other,of rational considerations.,In order to enlarge visually the relatively small standard pavilion,the development of a free architectural form was necessary.,4),Villa,Mairea,1938-39,The Villa,Mairea,was built as a country house for the architects friends Marie and Harry.The house stands in the middle of a pine forest at the top of a hill in western Finland.The house looks out mainly on to continuous unbroken stretches of forest,with a narrow vista through an opening in the trees on to a river and sawmill(which at the time of the houses construction was one of the first industrial enterprises in this part of Finland).,Although the inner court is open on one side,the forest creates an effective wall enclosing it.A sauna and swimming pool are located on the opposite side from the large living room on the ground floor.,5)Town Hall,Saynatsalo,Finland,1950-53,6),Maison,Carre,France,1956-1959,7)Wolfsburg Cultural Center,，,1959-62,Aalto,possessed a strong feeling for materials and their characters,which,Finland being a country of forests,inspired him to use timber widely.His most original works date from after the Second World War.By then he had evolved a language entirely his own,quite unconcerned with current,cliches,(,俗套,),yet in its vigorous display of curved walls and single-pitched roofs,in its play with brick and timber,in harmony with the international trend towards more plastic and expressive design.,