广东高考英语语法填空题专题讲座-.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,广东高考英语语法填空题专题讲座,Rational Cloze,从语法填空题空格的设置来看，至少应当包括以下,4,个特点,一、,考查语法。每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则，不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法。,例,1 In Greece,women had little freedom.Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they_(allow)to attend weddings and some festivals.,解析：因,allow,与,they,在逻辑上是动宾关系，要用被动语态，用,be allowed,；由,had,left,可知,be,是一般过去式；主语是复数,they,，,be,的过去式是,were,，答案是,were allowed,。,点评：此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。,例,2 The _ why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.,解析：因为,why,引导的定语从句，前面的先行词一定是,reason,。,点评：此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词，但实际上是考查定语从句。,二、,考虑语境。既然采用短文的形式来考查语法，其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点来命题，否则，就不如用单句来考查语法了。也就是说，考生要填出正确答案，至少需理解整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系，或者需要理解前后几个句子，甚至整个段落或篇章。,例,4 Several changes have brought wild animals to the,.Foremost,air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970s pollution control efforts,解析：在冠词,the,后必定是名词，再根据下句可确定要填,cities,。,点评：本题若只根据设空句本身，而不阅读并理解下文，是不可能填出正确答案的。,三、考点分散。基本上一个空格代表一个语法点，,10,个空有可能涉及到,10,个语法点，至少也得有,7,个语法点。笔者认为，即使对一些非常重要的语法项目，如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等，单独一项也可能是一空，至多两空，设三空的可能性是极小的。,四、适当提示。但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格,.,例,7 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_(reach)a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.,解析：,reach,及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作状语，故填,reaching,。,例,8 It would be _(believe)that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends!,解析：因为在系动词,be,后作表语，要用,believe,的形容词形式,believale,；由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友，真难以置信,!”,可知，还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀,un,，答案为,unbelievable,。,五,、,出题一般涉及到以下几个方面：,1,）动词与介词或副词搭配构成的固定动词短语；,2,）冠词的用法；,3,）连词的用法，包括从属连词和并列连词；,）派生词的用法；,5,）动词的适当形式；,6,）情态动词的用法；,7,）定语从句、名词性从句的引导词等。,解答语法填空题的八条思路,根据语法知识进行填充,根据逻辑关系进行填充,根据语篇标志进行填充,语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇间往往有标明内在联系的词，我们称这些词为“语篇标志词”。如表示结构层次的有,first,second,third,finally,等；表示逻辑关系的有,thus,，,therefore,，,so,等；表示转折关系或变换话题的有,however,but,by the way,等。“语篇标志词”对迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系很有帮助。,4.,根据固定词组进行填充,熟练掌握一些常见的词组，如,as a matter of,be proud of,by the way,come from,congratulateon,devoteto,earn ones living,keep ones word,make up ones mind,等，对解题很有帮助。,5.,根据句型搭配进行填,就是根据一些常用的句型搭配，如,so/suchthat,it is(for,sb,.)to do,sth,.,There is no doubt that,there is no sense in doing,sth,.,等来解题。,6.,根据词汇知识进行填充,指根据某些词语在用法上的特殊搭配来解题。如下列各类动词必须牢记：只能接动词的,-,ing,形式作宾语的动词，只能接,to do,作宾语的动词，接,to do,作补语的动词，接,do,作补语的动词，接,doing,或,done,作补语的动词，对句式搭配要求较为特别的词语，等等。,7.,根据生活常识进行填充,I crossed the street to avoid,1,(meet)him,but he saw me and came running towards me.It was no use,2,(pretend)that I had not seen him,so I waved to him.I never enjoy,3,(meet)Nigel Dykes.He never has anything,4,(do).No matter how busy you are,he always insists on,5,(come)with you.,meeting,pretending,meeting,to do,coming,三、备考策略,1,不断记忆，积累词汇。,语法填空题对单词提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生认识单词，还要求能写出一些要求的单词。这就要求考生平时,不断地记忆单词，不断地积累词汇,，千方百计地把我们的词汇量提高上去。考试时才能随心所欲的写出单词，填出固定搭配。,2,夯实基础，学好语法。,英语的基础知识琐碎繁杂，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我们平时多听，多读，多记，夯实自己的基础知识；我们还要坚定不移地加强语法的学习，尤其是长句、难句、复杂句的分析。只有这样，才能为综合能力的提高打下坚实的基础。,3,大声朗读，培养语感。,语感是一种对语言、语段或词句的感受能力，是一种看不见摸不着的东西，但在做完形填空题时又是必不可少的东西。娴熟的语感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平时的学习过程中多听，多读，尤其是大声朗读犹为重要。在早读或晚读时间，抛开顾忌，放开喉咙，大声朗读，对培养语感是非常重要的。如果通过朗读能够多背诵一些课文是再好不过的了。语感在你的朗读和背诵课文的过程中，不知不觉地逐步形成了。,4,坚持不懈，多做练习。,语法填空是一种新题型，考生在前几年都不曾练过的。但是高考中又占了总分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段时间要大量练习这种题型，不断练习，不断总结，不断提高，高考时才能处变不惊，轻松应对。,Will _1_ matter if you dont take your breakfast?Recently a test _2_,(give)in the United Sates.Those tests included people of different _3_ from 12 to 83.During the experiment,these people were given all kinds of breakfasts,and sometimes they got _4_ breakfast at all.Special tests were set up to see _5_ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten_6_certain kind of breakfast.The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast,he or she will work with better effect _7_ if he or she has no breakfast.This fact appears to be _8_(especial)true if a person works _9_ his brains.For example,if a student eats fruit,eggs,bread and milk before going to school,he will learn more quickly and listen with_10_(much)attention in class.,it,were given,ages,no,how,a,than,especially,with,more,