定语从句考点透视.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,定语从句,一个句子充当定语称之为定语从句。被修饰限定的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，包括关系代词和关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,基本概念,先行词是物,先行词是人,定语,地点状语,时间,状语,主,宾,主,宾,关系代词,which,that,who,whom,whose,关系副词,where,when,why,原因状语,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,that,which,whom,whose,as,when,why,who,where,正确使用关系 词,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,指,代,人或物,功,能,指,代,时间,地点,原因,功,能,选择依据：,1),弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、,宾语、定语还是状语,2),辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、,地点、原因,3),判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的,(,只有,that,why,不能引导非限制性从句,),(,主句,)The girl is Mary.,1.The girl is reading a book.,2.Everyone likes the girl.,The girl,is Mary.,who is reading a book,whom everyone likes,3.The girls hair is gold.,whose hair is gold,that,who,that,(),(,主句,)The book is on the desk.,1.The book belongs to Mary.,2.Mary likes the book most.,3.The books cover is blue.,The book,is on the desk.,which belongs to Mary,which Mary likes most,whose cover is blue,that,that,(),关系代词,that,和,which,在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用,that,?,考点一,1.,All,that,can be done has been done.,2.,There is no,difficulty,that,we cant overcome.,3.,This is the first,letter,that,Ive written in English.,4.This is the most exciting,trip,that,I have ever experienced.,5.,They talked about,the teachers and the schools,(that),they had visited.,1,),当先行词是不定代词时，如：,all,few,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,等。,2,),先行词前,有,no,all,few,little,the only,one of,every,very,等词修饰时。,3）,先行词是序数词或被序数词,first,last,next,等修饰时。,4）,先行词是形容词的最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时。,5）,当先行词既有人又有物时。,只用,that,不用,which,的情况：,A)that B)which C)who D)whom,E,),省略,多项选择,1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.,2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.,3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.,4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.,5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.,A,A,AE,A,AE,有哪些情况关系代词不用,that,，而用,which,，,who,，,whom,?,考点二,1,、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用,which,，指人用,who,或,whom,.,He made the same mistakes again,_ made his parents very angry.,Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.,Mr.Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.,My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for a long time.,which,which,who,whom,Fill in the blanks,1.,Her bag,in _she put all her money,has been stolen.,2.,This is the ring on _she spent 1000 dollars.,3.,Xiao Wang,with _I went to the concert,enjoyed himself very much.,2,、在介词后面，指事物用,which,，指人用,whom,.,which,which,whom,在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用,介词,?,考点三,1.The girl _ whom he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.,2.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.,3.He referred to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,方法,1.,看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配,for,on,with,Fill in the blanks,方法,2.,看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配,1.He made a hole in the wall,_ which he could see what was going on outside the house.,2.The librarian _whom I just shook hands works heart and soul.,through,with,方法,3,、,根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配,1.The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.,2.This is our classroom,_,（在前面）,which there is a teachers desk.,at,in the front of,关系副词,When,=on(in,during)which,where,=on(in,in front of)which,Why,=for which,关系副词 与 介词,+,关系代词的替代,名词,/,代词,/,数词,+of,+which/whom,知多少,?,考点四,1.The committee consists of 20 members,and 5,of,them,are women.,2.The book contains 50 poems,and most of them,were written in 1930s.,3.I have a sentence,and,the meaning of,it,I dont understand.,The committee consists of 20 members,5,of,whom,are women.,The book contains 50 poems,most of which,were written in 1930s.,I have a sentence,the meaning of,which,I dont understand.,Rewrite the following sentences,名词,/,代词,/,数词,+,of,表示物用,which,表示人用,whom,Conclusion,如何恰当使用,when,where,why,与,which,that,引导的定语从句,?,考点五,1.,先行词是表示,地点,时间,原因,的名词或含有,地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，,用来引导定语从句,.,when,where,why,在从句中作,状语,相当于相应的,介词,+which,2.,若定语从句缺,主语,或,宾语,，用,which,或,that,引导定语从句。,Conclusion,The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,This is the town _I spent my childhood.,where/in which,(which/that),Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.,Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.,when/on which,(which/that),This is the reason _ I didnt come here.,why/for which,The reason _ she gave was not true.,(which/that),如何用好,whose,引导的定语从句,?,考点六,whose,表示所属关系,The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.,whose,There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.,A.whose backgrounds,B.the backgrounds of whom,C.of whom the backgrounds,D.the backgrounds of whose,as,和,which,的区别知多少？,考点七,as,引导的,限制性,定语从句,此时先行词前常被,such,the same,so,as,修饰，,即构成,suchas,the sameas,soas,asas,结构，做题时容易 忽略。,提示：,在做有关定语从句题目时，如果选项中,出现,as,请先考虑是否考查,as,引导的定语,从句。,as,作为关系代词，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语,.,1,、用于非限制性,定语从句,时，可以指代整个主句的内容，,as,和,which,可以换用。,He left her,_was strange.,2,、,as,引导非限制性,定语从句,，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。,_ everyone knows,Tom is good at English.,3,、非限制性,定语从句,中谓语为被动时，常用,as,作主语。,as is said/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussed,等。,_ is known to all,Taiwan is part of China.,4,、,as,引导非限制性,定语从句,，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用,as:,as/which,As,As,as is well known/is known to all,as has been said before,as has been already pointed out,as we all can see,as is expected/hoped/supposed,as is often the case,as,引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有,众所周知,如前所述,正如已经指出的,正如我们所看到的,正如所盼望的,/,希望的,/,料想的,情况常常如此,5,、,which,引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。,The decision was right,which was exactly what he wanted,.,6,、,which,引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。,The football match,which I watched yesterday,is very interesting.,as,引导的非限制性定语从句,The earth is round._ is known to all.,The earth is round,_ is known to all.,_ is known to all,the earth is round.,_ is known to all,that,the earth is round.,It,which,/as,As,It,as,具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：,as,you know/,as,you see/,as,we planned/,as,we expected,定语从句在句首时只能用,as,四,.,as,在定语从句中的灵活运用,as,引导的限制性定语从句,This is,such,an interesting book _ we all like.,This is,so,interesting a book _ we all like.,This is,such,an interesting book _we all like,it,.,This is,so,interesting a book _we all like,it,.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,(,定语从句,),这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,(,结果状语从句,),1.,定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：,He is the only one of the students who _ here just now.,He is one of the students who _ here just now.,2.,定语从句与并列结构。试比较：,He has two sons,neither of _ looks like him.,He has two sons,and neither of _ looks like him.,考点八,定语从句,运用中的注意点,was,were,whom,them,3,、是用,the one,还是用,that,which,where.,（,1,）,Is this school _ you study?,（,2,）,Is this the school _ you study in?,（,3,）,Is this the school _ you study?,（,4,）,Is this school _ is a senior one?A.that/whichB.whereC.the one,D.the one where E.the one that/which,遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用,the one,的形式，接着再看,the one,在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用,the one where,，若作主语或宾语时，则用,the one(that/which),D,A,B,E,4,、是用,when,还是用,that,which,（,1,）,May 1 is the day _ we spent together.,（,2,）,May 1 is the day _ i joined the army.A.that/whichB.when,当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用,when,若作主语或宾语时，就用,that/which.,A,B,5.where,引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是,表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。如：,1)Ive come to the point _I cant stand him.,2)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane.,在这两句中，,where,引导的定语从句分别,修饰,point,和,situation,表示抽象意义“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。,occasion,state,case,condition,stage,where,where,6,、定语从句与强调结构的区别,（,1,）,It was in this house _ he was born.,（,2,）,It was the house _ he was born.,（,3,）,It was in the house _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there,判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉,it is/was that,若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。,B,A,C,7,、定语从句与其他从句的区别,（,1,）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：,You should leave the toy where you can find.,I still remember the bus stop where/at which I met you.,（,2,）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较：,He is such a kind person as everybody likes.,He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.,（,3,）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：,The news that he had been back surprised us all.,The news(that)he told us surprised us all.,8,、,way,后面的定语从句（用,that/in which,或省略）：,Please tell me the way(that/in which)you did the job.,what,从句,&,that,1,What he told me is really true,他所告诉我的确实是真的。,The _ _he told me is really true,2,They are just what I want,这些正是我所想要的。,They are just _ _ I want,3,Well use what we have to get a new dress for you,我们要倾其所有为你买一件新衣服。,Well use _ _ we have to get a new dress for you,thing that,things that,all that,与,that,从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如,fact,news,belief,truth,reply,等。,We all have heard the news that our team won.,We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday.,定语从句与同位语从句,Thank You!,