人教版高中英语必修1unit4课文知识点详解.ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,基础落实,.,高频单词思忆,1.The machine is driven by,e,.,2.A great many houses were,d,in the,earthquake and many people became homeless.,3.The hurricane left the whole city in,r,.,4.It,t,my coat in the car door when I,got out of the car.,lectricity,estroyed,uins,rapped,Unit 4 Earthquakes,5.He,b,into the room without knocking.,6.Many men were,(,埋葬,)underground,when the accident at the mine happened.,7.It is an area where natural,(,灾,难,)often happen.,8.The firemen,(,援救,)the boy from,the burning house.,9.Teachers have,(,表达,)concern,about the emphasis on testing.,10.I,(,祝贺,)them all on their,results.,urst,buried,disasters,rescued,expressed,congratulated,.,重点短语再现,1.,结束；终结,2.,照常,3.,掘出；发现；找出,4.,作为,而闻名,5.,被,覆盖,6.,轻视；看不起,7.,为纪念,8.,以,为骄傲,9.,放弃,10.,从,判断,at an end,as usual,dig out,be known as,be covered by,think little of,in honour of,be proud of,give up,judge from,1.Thousands of families were killed and many,children were left without parents.,成千上万,个家庭遇难，许多孩子失去了父母。,此处,leave,表示,“,”,，,其后通常接复合宾语，即宾语加形容词、过去分,词、现在分词、介词（短语）等作宾语补足语。,考点提炼,使处于,状态,3.Workers built shelters for survivors whose,homes had been destroyed.,工人们为那些家园遭,受破坏的幸存者建了住所。,是定语从句。关系代词,whose,引导定语从句时，,whose,在从句中充当定语，,whose,指人，也可指物。,考点提炼,whose homes had been destroyed,4.The army organized teams to dig out those,who were trapped and to bury the dead.,部队,组织人员挖出被困者，掩埋死者。,the dead,意为,“,”,。,“,”,常表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词要用,形式。,5.The man was sleeping downstairs when the,earthquake happened.,当地震发生的时候，这个,人正在楼下睡觉。,此处,when,为并列连词，意为,“,”,，前面分句常用,时态。,考点提炼,死者,the+,形容词,复数,考点提炼,正在这,时,/,那时,进行,导练互动,重点单词,1.ruin,In fifteen terrible seconds a large city,lay in,.(,回归课本,P,26,),观察思考,The bank stepped in to save the company,from financial ruin.,银行的介入使这家公司免于经济崩溃。,My new shoes got ruined in the mud.,我的新鞋被泥浆给糟蹋了。,ruins,归纳总结,ruin,。,be in ruins,成为废墟,be the ruin of,成为,毁灭（堕落）的原因,bring sb.to ruin,使某人失败；使倾家荡产,come/fall to/into ruin,毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏,掉,ruin oneself,自取灭亡,ruin one,s health/fame,毁坏某人的健康,/,名誉,n,.,毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；,v,.,（使）破产；,（使）堕落，毁灭,易混辨异,destroy,ruin,damage,break,spoil,(1)destroy,常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的,“,破,坏，毁坏,”,，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东,西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。,（,2,）,ruin,亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的,力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的,意思。,（,3,）,damage,是程度较小的,“,破坏，损坏,”,，一般指,被破坏的物品可以重新修复。,（,4,）,break,是,“,破坏，打破，打碎,”,的意思。它表,示的范围极广，程度也不一。可用于有形的东西，,如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东,西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。,（,5,）,spoil,破坏，糟蹋，其重点在于破坏事物原先,的结构、和谐性，使事物不再具有原先的特点，宾,语常是景致、食欲、计划等。,即学即用,（,1,）大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。,The heavy rain,.,（,2,）多年的战事已使伊拉克满目疮痍。,Years of fighting has left Iraq,.,ruined our holiday,in ruins,3.burst,In the city,the water pipes in some,buildings cracked and,.(,回归课本,P,26,),观察思考,The excellent performance of Chinese,competitors at the 29th Beijing Olympic,Games caused bursts of applause.,在第,29,届北京奥运会上，中国队队员的精彩表现,赢得了阵阵掌声。,She was bursting to tell him the good news.,她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。,burst,归纳总结,burst,。,burst out,突然迸发；爆发,burst out doing sth.,（,=burst into+n.,）突,然,起来,be bursting to do sth.,渴望；急着要做（某事）,burst in/into,闯进，突然破门而入,burst with anger/grief/joy,勃然大怒,/,心痛欲绝,/,乐不可支,vt,.&,vi,.,（使）爆裂；（使）裂开；（使）炸,开；突然出现；爆发；,n,.,突然破裂；爆发,即学即用,（,1,）,John working hard,his lost,time,his mother burst,laughing.,A.Seen;to keep up with;into,B.Seeing;to make up;out,C.Having seen;to catch up with;into,D.On seeing;to make up for;out,（,2,）,She,into tears the moment she knew,she had failed that exam.,A.burst B.broke,C.shocked D.cried,D,A,4.shock,People were,.(,回归课本,P,26,),观察思考,I was shocked at the news of her death.,我听到她的死讯十分震惊。,I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.,听到他辞职的消息，我深感意外。,The news of his death was a shock to us.,他的死讯令我们震惊。,shocked,归纳总结,shock,。,with/from shock,由于震惊,a shocking accident,令人吃惊的事故,come as a shock to sb.,令某人大吃一惊,in a state of shock,惊魂未定,suffer from shock,休克,be shocked at,对,感到吃惊,be shocked to do,深感意外地去做,n,.,打击；震惊；,vt,.&,vi,.,使震惊；,使惊愕；使触电,即学即用,（,1,）他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。,The news of his wife,s death was,him.,（,2,）看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。,He,her smoking.,a terrible shock to,was shocked at,5.judge,Your speech was heard by a group of five,all of whom agreed that it was the,best one this year.(,回归课本,P,30,),观察思考,We judge that he is the best candidate.,我们认为他是最佳人选。,The judge demanded silence in the courtroom.,法官要求法庭上要安静。,judges,归纳总结,judge,。,(1)judge sb./sth.from/by.,从,来判断,judge between right and wrong,判断是非,as far as I can judge,据我判断，我认为,judging by/from,从,上看；根据,判断,Don,t judge a book by its cover.,勿以貌取人；,勿只凭外表判断。,(2)Judgement,n,.,判断；审判；意见；判断力,in one,s judgement,依某人看来，按某人的看法,v,.,断定；判断；判决；,n,.,裁判员；法官；,评判员,即学即用,（,1,）我不能断定他是对还是错。,I,whether he is right or,wrong.,（,2,）由天色看来，可能会放晴。,it,may clear up.,can,t judge,Judging from the look of the sky,重点短语与句型,6.at an end,It seemed as if the world was,!,(,回归课本,P,26,),观察思考,The war was at an end.,战争结束了。,Everything between them was at an end.,他们之间的一切都已结束。,at an end,归纳总结,at an end,意为：,。,come to an end,vi,.,结束（用作谓语）,bring/put sth.to an end,vt,.,结束；制止,at the end of,在,尽头（末）（指时间或空间）,by the end of,到,末为止（与现在完成时连用）,by the end of last.,（与过去完成时连用）,by the end of next.,（用于将来完成时）,in the end,最后，终于（作状语）,on end,连续,to the end,到底,without end,没完没了的,结束，终结,即学即用,（,1,）这一年已到年终了。,The year is,.,（,2,）会议结束了。,The meeting,.,at an end,came to an end,7.the number of,people who were killed or,injured reached more than 400,000.,(,回归课本,P,26,),观察思考,The number of the students standing outside,is about twenty.,有大约,20,个学生站在外面。,The number of students from the north is,small.,来自北方的学生人数很少。,The number of,归纳总结,the number of,意为：,。,表示,“,许多，若干,”,的短语：,（,2,）,many a+(single),n,.+,单数谓语动词,的数量,（,1,）,a large/great/good number of,a great/good many,a good few/quite a few,+(,pl,.),n,.,（,3,）,a great/good deal of,a great/large amount of,quite a little,Large amounts of,+,U,n,.,注意,（,1,）,a number of+(,pl,.),n,.,作主语，谓,语动词用复数，表示,“,许多，大量,”,。,(2)the number of+(,pl,.),n,.,作主语，谓语动词用单,数，表示,“,的数量,”,。,(3)large quantities of+(,pl,.),n,./,U,n,.,作主,语，谓语动词用复数。,a lot of/lots of,a great/large quantity of,large quantities of,plenty of,（,4,）,+(,pl,.),n,./,U,n,.,(4)large amounts of+,U,n,.,作主语，谓语动词,用复数。,A number of problems have arisen.,已经出现了一些问题。,We have had an enormous amount of help from,people.,我们得到了人们的大力帮助。,即学即用,（,1,）,children whose parents had died in,the earthquake,sent to live with,families in other cities.,A.A great number of;was,B.A great number of;were,C.The great number of;was,D.The great number of;were,B,（,2,）,The number of students in our school,about 30,000 and,them study,hard.,A.is;a large amount of,B.are;a number of,C.are;large amount of,D.is;a large number of,D,8.give out,.gas that hot water,(,回归课本,P,28,),观察思考,Students were giving out leaflets to,everyone in the street.,学生们在向街上每一个人发传单。,The red radiator gives out a lot of heat.,那个红色的散热器放出大量的热。,My money will give out soon.,我的钱快要用光了。,gives out,归纳总结,give out,意为：,。,give sth.away,赠送；颁发；泄露,give back,归还；恢复,give off,发出，放出,give over,停止，中止,give on to/onto sth.,朝向，面向；通向,give up,放弃,用完；发出，分发,即学即用,（,1,）,The gas gave,an unpleasant smell.,A.off B.in C.up D.away,（,2,）,Don,t mention that at the beginning of,the story,or it may,the shocking,ending.,A.give away B.give out,C.give up D.give off,A,A,9.Farmers noticed that the well walls had,deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came,out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the,chickens and even the pigs were too,nervous to eat.,农民们注意到水井的井壁上,有深深的裂缝。一股臭气从裂缝里冒出。农家,大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。,典例体验,reply,he stared at the floor.,他眼睛盯着地面，紧张得答不上来。,It is never,give up our prejudice.,抛弃偏见永远也不会太晚。,Too nervous to,too late to,归纳总结,too nervous to eat,意思为,“,”,。其中的,too.to.,结构，表示,“,太,以致于不,”,。关于,too.to.,句式的用法：,（,1,）,too.to.,太,以致于不,（,2,）,too.to.,与,not,或,never,连用时，不定式为,肯定意义。,not/never too.to.,意为,“,并不,太,所以能,”,。,It is never too late to mend.,亡羊补牢，未为晚也。,（,3,）,too.to.,前面有,only,but,all,时，,only,too,but too,和,all too,相当于,very,后面的不定式也,表示肯定。,太紧张而不能吃,东西,I,m only too pleased to help you.,很荣幸能帮助你。,We shall be only/but too delighted to have,you with us.,能和你们在一起我们将感到非常高兴。,（,4,）当,too.to.,用来修饰表示态度，情绪，倾,向等的形容词（如,anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing),时，不定式为肯定意义。,He was too eager to know the result of his,examination.,他迫切想知道考试的结果。,即学即用,(1)The box was,(,太,重了，我搬不动,).,(2)I,m,(,太累了，什么也想不起来,)now.,(3)I am,(,想作一次环球旅行,).,too heavy for me to lift,too tired to think of anything,too eager to travel around the world,10.It seemed as if the world was at an end!,仿佛到了世界末日！,典例体验,they know what they,re doing.,他们好像知道他们正在做什么。,The whole house,to be empty.,整座房子似乎空荡荡的。,It seems that,seemed,归纳总结,It seems(to sb.)that/as if.,意为：,，,as if,后边可用,语气。,seem to be/like+,n,.,似乎,，好像,seem to be doing sth./to have done sth.,好像,正在做,/,已经做了某事,seem(to be)+,n,./,adj,.,似乎是,There seems to be.,好像有,（对某人,来说）似乎,虚拟,即学即用,（,1,）他们一直仿佛是要结婚似的。,they would get,married.,（,2,）我大概把书忘在家里了。,my book at home.,It always seemed as if,I seem to have left,11.Then,later that afternoon,another big,quake which was almost as strong as the,first one shook Tangshan.,接着，在下午晚,些时候，又一次强度几乎和第一次一样的地震,在唐山爆发了。,典例体验,He doesn,t speak English,you.,他的英语说得不如你流利。,I got up my father did this,morning.,今天早上我和父亲起得一样早。,as/so fluently as,as early,as,归纳总结,本句的,属于,“,as.as,”,结构，两个,as,的词性不一样，所以它们后面所跟的结,构亦不一样。第一个,as,是副词，所以后面跟的是形容词或副词的,，第二个,as,是连词，所以后面常跟名,词、代词或从句。其否定形式为,意为,“,”,。,注意,（,1,）第一个,as,是副词，如果后面接单数名词，,要用,“,as+,adj,.+a/an+,n,.+as.,”,结构。,John is as kind a student as me.,约翰和我一样是个心地善良的学生。,as strong as the first one,原级,not as/so.as,不如,（,2,）,as.as,用来表示倍数的结构为,“,A is.times,as.as B,”,，意为,“,A,是,B,的几倍,”,。,This playground is three times as big as that,one.,这个操场是那个操场的三倍大。,即学即用,（,1,）,It is reported that the US uses,energy as the whole of Europe.,A.as twiceB.twice much,C.twice much asD.twice as much,（,2,）,Exercise is,as any other to lose,unwanted weight.,A.so useful a way,B.as a useful way,C.as useful a way,D.such a useful way,D,C,1.,利用派生法，品句填词,(1)The,of the island is,by the unwise,.(govern),(2),Do you know why the May 4th,broke out?,Sorry,I don,t know.Because at that time,my family,from Beijing to Hong,Kong.(move),(3)The,news caused great,among her friends when she told them,.(excite),government,governed,governor,Movement,moved,exciting,excitement,excitedly,品味构词,串联扩展,动 词,后 缀,名 词,argue,争论,-ment,争吵，争论,state,陈述,statement,agree,同意,agreement,depart,离开,部门,appoint,委派,appointment,announce,宣布,announcement,settle,定居,定居,argument,陈述,声明,协定,约会,确定,宣告,公示,settlement,department,2.,利用转化法,品句解词,(1)On arrival at the station,I always,beside the newspaper,.,(2)Just now I,nothing but a,in his,hand.,(3)She,that she must have left her,bag on the train for some,.,stand,stand,站立,动词；摊位,名词,saw,saw,看见,动词,;,锯,名词,reasoned,reason,判定,断定,动词,;,原因,名词,动 词,名 词,fly,fly,match,相配,match,set,放，摆,set,go,走，行,go,swallow,吞，咽,swallow,face,face,脸,飞,苍蝇,面临,火柴,比赛,套，副,轮到的机会,燕子,考题回扣,【,例,1,】Whenever I met her,was fairly,often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.,（山东高考）,A.who B.which C.when D.that,解析,此处考查,which,引导的非限制性定语从句。,句意为：无论何时我遇见她，她都会一如既往地,向我微笑。,课文原文,It was felt in Beijing,is more than,two hundred kilometres away.,which,B,【,例,2,】A person,e-mail account is full,won,t be able to send or receive any,e-mails.,（天津高考）,A.whoB.whom,C.whoseD.whoever,解析,e-mail account,前缺少定语，故用,whose,引导定语从句，相当于,the e-mail account of,whom,。,课文原文,Workers built shelters for survivors,homes had been destroyed.,whose,C,【,例,3,】,you need to give all you have and,try your best.,（辽宁高考）,A.Being a winner B.To be a winner,C.Be a winner D.Having been a winner,解析,句意为：为了成为赢家，你要付出你的所,有并全力以赴。所以空格部分在句中应作目的状,语，故要用动词不定式。,课文原文,Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000,soldiers to Tangshan,.,to help the rescue,workers,B,【,例,4,】The way the guests,in the hotel,influenced their evaluation of the service.,（北京高考）,A.treated B.were treated,C.would treat D.would be treated,解析,由句意可知,treat,的动作与,influenced,的动,作具有同时性，故用一般过去时。客人是,“,受到,对待,”,，故用被动语态。,课文原文,Thousands of families,and many,children,without parents.,were killed,were left,B,【,例,5,】I can,be a teacher.I,m not a very,patient person.,（湖南高考）,A.seldomB.ever,C.neverD.always,解析,根据后置语境,I,m not a very patient,person.,可知，前句句意应为：我永远不会成为一,名老师。表示全部否定含义用,never,。,课文原文,Tens of thousands of cows would,give milk again.,never,C,自主检测,.,品句填词,1.The fish must go bad,for it is,s,.,2.The two countries were separated by a,c,.,3.Water can be turned into,s,when heated.,4.After the earthquake,the whole city was in,r,.,5.An accident happened.Luckily,nobody was,i,.,melly,anal,team,uins,njured,6.There was no,s,in the air crash.,7.The workers made great efforts to r,the people who were trapped underground.,8.Because of the global warming,there are,more and more natural,d,.,9.The students in our school have o,many clubs for themselves.,10.The air in the countryside is much f than that in the city.,urvivor,escue,isasters,rganized,resher,.,短语运用,1.If war breaks out,we shall be called up,.,2.The express train arrived on schedule,.,3.He,my suggestion,which,made me a bit upset.,4.Our company,its reputation,for fair dealing.,right away,think little of,as usual,give,out,be proud of,in ruins,right away,as usual,thought little of,is proud of,5.The news of the President,s death,in a radio broadcast.,6.The house was,.Fortunately,nobody,was hurt.,was,given out,in ruins,.,完成句子,1.Death finally,(,结束了她的痛苦,).,2.They,(,避雨,)under a,big tree.,3.He,(,被评为,)the best actor,of this year.,4.The foreign visitors,(,非常高兴有机会,)to,visit the Great Wall.,5.,What a noise!I can hardly stand it.,It,(,好像他们在开晚会,)next door.,brought an end to her suffering,took shelter from rain,was judged to be,are only too glad to,have the opportunity,seems as if they are having a party,6.,(,无论他们在哪儿出,现,),they met with strong protests.,7.,(,在城镇的北边,),stood a leaning tower in the past.,8.A memorial meeting was held,(,为了纪念这位伟大的作家,).,9.,(,有三分之二的人伤亡,)during the,Wenchuan earthquake.,10.But the one million people of the city,(,对这,些征兆满不在乎,),went to bed as usual that,night.,Everywhere they appeared,To the north of the town,in honour of,the great writer,Two-thirds of the people died or were,injured,who thought little of these events,.,单项填空,1.Believe it or not,Lily,s sister,crying when we were eating.,A.burst onB.burst in,C.burst outD.burst into,解析,burst out+,v,.,-,ing,意为,“,突然,起,来,”,，而,burst into+,n,.,意为,“,突然开始,”,。,burst on,突然出现；,burst in,闯进；突然闯入。,句意为：信不信由你，我们吃饭时莉莉的妹妹突然,哭了起来。由句意及,burst out,的用法可知正确答,案为,C,项。,C,2.The two ladies are of the same age,but it,looks as if one,ten years older than,.,A.is;other B.was;another,C.were;other D.were;the other,解析,考查虚拟语气及代词的用法。从句表述的,内容与现在的事实相反，因此，要用虚拟语气，,be,动词要用,were;,两者中的另一个应该用,the,other,。,D,3.I received his mother,s phone call at,ten.Only then did I know that he was badly,in an accident the day before,yesterday.,A.hurt B.injured,C.harmedD.wounded,解析,意外受伤常用,injure,。句意为：十点钟，,我接到他母亲的电话。直到那时我才知道他在前,天的一次意外事故中伤得很严重。,B,4.Let,s,our glasses and drink,our,friendship.,A.rise;forB.raise;to,C.rise;withD.raise;/,解析,第一空由后面的,our glasses,可知要选用及,物动词,raise;drink to sth.,为,干杯。句意为：,让我们举起杯子为我们的友谊干杯。,B,5.It is,for us to deal with.,A.an enough difficult situation,B.such a difficult situation,C.too difficult a situation,D.so difficult a situation,解析,考查,too.to,结构，,too,是副词，后接形容,词或副词。句意为：这个情况太难应付了，我们,应付不了。,C,6.He was lucky in the accident,but his,car is under repair.,A.destroyedB.ruined,C.damagedD.hurt,解析,damage,一般指破坏后可以修复；,destroy,指,彻底破坏，无法修复或很难修复；,ruin,指毁坏，,其使用价值发生变化，与本题语境不符；,hurt,指,身体或精神上的伤害。故正确答案为,C,项。,C,7.The boys,could not reach the shelf,went