初中_被动语态_.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Passive Voice,被动语态,英语动词有两种语态：,主动,语态和,被动,语态,1.主动句：主语（,施动者,）+谓动+宾语（,受动者,）,被动句：主语（,受动者,）+,be,谓动过分,+by+,施动者,2.,被动语态的谓语：,be,动词+,p.p,.(过分词）,e.g.The school,was built,last year.学校是去年修的,3.,主动句,和,被动句,的转换方法：,1）.把,原,来的,宾语,提到前面作被动语态的,主语,;,2）.把,动词,变成,“,be+过去分词,”,;,3）.主动语态中的,主语,变为介词,by,的,宾语,。,e.g.,They,cleaned,the room.,主动句,The room,was cleaned,by them.,被动句,*若施动者不重要，,by+施动者,口语中常省略。,3.被动语态有各种时态：,基本形式：be+,done,(以,do,为例）,1.,一般现在时,：,am,/,is,/,are,+done,2.一般过去时：,was,/,were,+,done,3.一般将来时：,(shall/will/be going to),be,+,done,4.现在完成时：,have/has,been,+,done,5.情态动词：can等 +,be,+done,e.g.The room,is,often,cleaned,.,房间要经常打扫,。,The books,were,stolen,yesterday.,书昨天被偷了,。,You,will be,punished,by math teacher tomorrow,.,你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。,My homework,have been,finished,.,我的作业已经做完了,Your clothes,should be,washed.,你的衣服该洗了。,（以上句子中都省略了,by+施动者,）,*可见,，被动句的各种时态只变,be,动词的时态就行，过去分词,始终不变,。,表格：被动态基本结构,时态,被动语态结构,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去完成时,am/is/are,done,was/were,done,am/is/are,being,done,was/were,being,done,(shall/will/be going to),be,done,would,be,done,have/has,been,done,had,been,done,情态动词的被动语态,情态动词,+be+done,must,be done/,mustn,t,be done,should,be done/,shouldn,t,be done,can,be done/,can,t,be done,may,be done/,might,be done,Oral practice-,主动句改被动句,Oral practice-,1.Change each sentence into passive voice:,A car,knocked,him,down yesterday.,These two kids plant,trees,every year,3),We,should protect,the earth,4),We,ll put on,the play,next Sunday,He,was knocked down,by a car,yesterday,Trees,are planted,by these two kids,every year.,The earth,should be,protected,by us,.,The play will be put on next Sunday.,补充作业：,一.,翻译,（,用被动语态译，注意时态,）,：,1.我的红钢笔被他偷了。2.他的钱已经被用完了。,3.这辆自行车经常修。4.这个房间能使用。,5.这个房子将被卖掉。,二.,把下列句子变为被动句,。,1.I watered the flowers.2.She bought a jacket.,3.He often washes his clothes.,4.Im gong to visit my mother.5.They can play basketball.,6.We should take care of the old people,三.,把下列句子变为疑问句并回答，再变为否定句.这种变化与以前学的一样：,有,be,变,be,动词,，有其他,助动词,则变,助动词,，,有,情态动词,则变,情态动词,1.The bag was taken by him.,2.The food should be eaten.,3.My work has been done.,一.1.My pen was stolen by him.,2.His money has been run out.,3.The bike is often repaired.4.The room can,be,used.,5.The house will be sold.,二.1.The flowers were watered by me.,2.A jacket was bought by her.,3.His clothes are often washed by him.,4.My mother is gong to be visited by me.,5.Basketball can be played by him.,三.1.Was the bag taken by him?Yes,it is/No,it isnt.,The bag wasnt taken by him.,2.Should the food be eaten?Yes,it should/No,it shouldnt,3.Has the work been done?Yes,it has./No,it hasnt.,一,.,生活中不是每个句子都需要用被动语态表示,。像,“,Basketball was played by him,”,虽然语法是对的，但意思很别扭。所以生活中用,主动句,用的还是多一些。什么时候用被动句呢？,*一般是,没必要说出施动者,，或,不知道施动者是谁,，或,为了强调受动者,，才采用被动语态。,如.,他的钱包被偷了,；,我的作业完成了,；水卖完了，杭州出产茶叶；英语在全世界广泛使用等 。,e.g.Tea,is produced,in Hangzhou.,English,is spoken widely,in the world.,二.注意：汉语中这些字也常表示,“,被动,：,为，给，叫，让，遭等，,但它们多数时候作动词，所以要仔细分析，根据主语和谓语动的关系来判断是主动还是被动。,e.g.他,给,我一本书(,give,).你的记性,给,狗吃了(,was eaten,),你,叫,他吃饭（,ask,).你的书包,叫,他拿了（,was taken,),他,为,你买单。(,for you,).他,为,情所困（,is troubled,）,你,让,她进来（,let,).你,让,他骗了。（,was fooled,),他,遭,遇车祸了（,happen,).他,遭,他爸打了（,was hit,),三.汉语是主动句，但为了强调，也可以翻译成被动句。,e.g.我捡的这个钱包。The wallet was picked by me.,常用的被动语态短语,：,1.,be made of,:,由.制作成的,The,desk,is made of,wood,.,桌子是木头做的。(,成品看得见原材料,）,2.,be made from,：,由.制作成的,Bread,is made from,wheat,.,面包是小麦做的.(,成品看不见原材料,）,3.,be made in,：,The clothes are made in China.,衣服是中国造的,4.,be used to do,=,be used for doing,被用来做.,如,Steel,is used to build,house.=Steel,is used for building,house.,5.,be used by.,被某人使用,.The room is used by him.,6.be used as.,被作为.来使用,。The jacket is used as a quilt.,7.be known for=be famous for.,以.而出名/而众所周知,8.It is said that.,据说.,8.It is reported that.,据报道.,注意：,be used to doing,某人习惯于做.(,主语和后的动词是主动关系,be used to do,主语被用来做.,（,主语和use 是被动关系,）,被动语态的特殊用法：,1.,感官动词,see,watch,hear,notice,feel,listen to,look at和,使役动词,make,let,have等作宾语补语的都是原型；但改成被动语态后必须带to。,e.g.make sb.do,(原型,）sth.,使某人做某事,see sb.do(,原型,）sth.,看见某人做某事,1).I heard him,sing,just now.,-He was heard,to sing,just now by me.,2).we,make,them,go,home.,-They are made,to go,home by us.,作业,：变成被动语态,1.I often see you wash your clothes.,2.He found somebody cry next to the room.,3.The teacher let them dance.,4.I made the little boy sleep.,二.require,和,need,等用,ing,形式表被动。,e.g.The room needs,cleaning,Your face requires,washing,.,也可以用不定式的被动形式。,The room needs,to be cleaned,.,Your face requires,to be washed,.,以下动词是没有被动语态的。,1.系动词表状态，没有被动语态：,be,become,变成，成为,turn,变得,get,变得,sound,听起来,look,看起来,feel,摸起来,smell,闻起来等。,e.g.The clothes,feel,well.The music,sound,boring.,The room,gets,dirty.,2.表状态的动词没有被动语态,keep,stay,等,e.g.The classroom should,keep,quiet.,3.不及物动词没有被动语态。,happen,发生，,take place,发生，,appear,出现，,begin,开始，,last,持续，,end,结束.,open,close,等,e.g.The meeting,has begun,.,Something,happened,yesterday.,The shop,will open,at seven oclock.,Quiz 1,Quiz 1,1.The steel _ cold,A.is felt B.was feeling,C.feels D.is being felt,2.His plan _ good,A.has sounded B.is sounding,C.is sounded D.sounds,C,D,Quiz 2,Quiz 2,The shop _ at 6 am.every day,A.opens B.opened,C.is opened D.is opening,Work _ at 7 pm.today,A.ends B.ended,C.was ended D.had ended,A,B,The pen _ smoothly,A.was wrote B.writes,C.has writing D.is written,This coat _ easily,A.has washed B.was washed,C.washes D.is washed,Quiz 3,B,C,Your jacket needs _(wash),The house requires _(repair),Quiz 4,washing,repairing,The fish is not fit _(eat),We find English difficult _(learn),Quiz 5,to eat,to learn,I have much homework _(do),Ill give the boy some books _(read),Quiz 6,to do,to read,Correcting mistake,2.Correct the mistake(s)in each sentence if any:,1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball,2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university,3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?,was sent,will last,were hurt,4)A fire was broken out last night,5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before,6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital,had been damaged,is now being built,broke out,7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day,8),His plan is sounded good,9),Your coat needs being washed,begins,sounds,to be washed/washing,1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week,A,are to be held,B.is to be held,C.are holding,D,will hold,Multiple choice,B,2.Im sorry,sir,Your recorder isnt ready yet,It _ in the factory,is being repaired,is repaired,has been repaired,hasnt been repaired,A,3,Every possible means _,but none _ successful,A.has tried;has proved,B,tried;proves,C.has been tried;proves,D.is being tried;is proved,C,4,The question he asked is hard _,A.for answer,B.to answer,C,to be answered,D.answering,B,5,In warm weather,fruit and meat _ long,cannot be kept,dont keep,mustnt keep,is not kept,A,6,He received a telegram _:“Mother ill”,A,written,B.reading,C.said,D.writing,B,7.-Did you hand him the letter yesterday?,-No,I _ to him,brought it,took it,had it sent,carried it,C,8,Alice had a dress _ last week,A,made,B.make,C.to be made,D.to make,A,9,The teacher couldnt make him _ attention to because the students were so noisy.,pay,paid,to pay,to be paid,B,10.-When will the lecture begin?,-When the students _,A,have sat,B,sat down,C,will sit,D,are seated,D,基本形式：be+,done,(以,do,为例）,1.,一般现在时,：,am,/,is,/,are,+done,2.一般过去时：,was,/,were,+,done,3.一般将来时：,(shall/will/be going to),be,+,done,4.现在完成时：,have/has,been,+,done,5.情态动词：can等 +,be,+done,e.g.The room,is,often,cleaned,.,房间要经常打扫,。,The books,were,stolen,yesterday.,书昨天被偷了,。,You,will be,punished,by math teacher tomorrow,.,你明天要被数学老师惩罚了。,My homework,have been,finished,.,我的作业已经做完了,Your clothes,should be,washed.,你的衣服该了。,（以上句子中都省略了,by+施动者,）,*可见,，被动句的各种时态只变,be,动词的时态就行，过去分词,始终不变,。,主动语态变为被动语态：,1.,不能改变,时态,:,主动句是什么,时态,，被动句就是什么时态；,主动句有,情态动词,，被动句就该有情态动词,e.g.I,asked,you-You,were,asked,I,ask,you-You,are,asked,I,ask,him-He,is,asked,I,will ask,you-You,will be,asked,I,can ask,you-You,can be,asked,2.,不能改变,句型,：主动句是,一般疑问句,，被动句就是一般疑问句，主动句是,否定句,，被动句就是否定句，主动句是,特殊疑问句,，被动句就是特殊疑问句,He,doesnt wash,the clothes.,-The clothes,arent washed,by him.,I,didnt give,the book to you.,-The book,wasnt given,to you by me.,I,shouldnt,call you.,-You,shouldnt be,called by me.,Do you,finish your homework?,-,Is your homework,finished by you?,Will he,watch the movie?,-,Will the movie be,watched by him?,When did you,eat lunch?,When was lunch,eaten?,感官动词的用法和使役动词一样,：,变为被动语态时，感官动词和使役动词后面的,动词原形,和,ing,形式前，都要加上,to,.,1.,眼睛看到的：,see,watch,notice,find,look at,.,2.,耳朵听到的：,hear,listen to,3.,鼻子闻到的：,smell,4.,皮肤感到的：,feel,.,e.g.,I,saw,him,playing basketball.,被动句,:.,2.,He,doesnt finds,the girls,sing every day.,被动,:,every day,He,was,seen,to,play,by,me,The girls,arent,found,to,sing,by,him,关键题,：,变为被动语态,The teacher didnt make the boy stand outside.,被动语态：,The boy,outside by the teacher.,仔细观察：,1.,原句是,否定句,，再看谓语动词是,使役动词,make,，想想它的用法再做题。,2.,只变被动语态，所以过去式的,时态,和否定句的,句式,是不能变的。,3.,想想,not,该放在什么词后，原句中是实意动词,make,才加的助动词,did,+,not,而变为被动语态后呢？还有,did,吗？错，因为变为被动语态后有了,be,动词了，而且要不能改变过去时的时态。,wasnt,made,to,stand,练习题：把下列句子变为被动语态。,1.I often see you wash your clothes.,2.He found somebody cry next to the room.,3.The teacher let them dance.,4.I made the little boy sleep,.,5.,We didnt notice your friends go away.,6.They pick up apples in the country.,7.He doesnt hear you play the piano.,8.Do you do you homework on Sunday?,9.,We should take care of the old people,.,10.Can you clean your room?,11.Where will you visit your mother?,12.How did he make the toy car?,Answers:,1.You often are seen to wash your,clothes,by me,.,2.Somebody was found to cry next to the room,by him,.,3.They were let to dance,by the teacher,.,4.The little boy was made to sleep,by me,.,5.Your friends werent noticed to go away.,6.Apples are picked up in the country.,7.You werent heard to play the piano.,8.Is your homework done on Sunday.,9.The old people should be taken care of.,10.Can your room be cleaned,by you,?,11.When will your mother be visited?,12.How was the toy car made,by him,?,主动句变被动句：,1.,把主动句的,宾语,来,做,被动句的,主语,。,2.,把主语后,第一个,动词，就是谓语动词变为被动形式，也就是,be,动词,+,过去分词,He called,my friend,.,My friend,My friend,was called,by him.,个,3.,不能改变,时态,，不能改变,句型,。,Did he,call,your friend,?,Was,your friend,called,by him?,He didnt,call,my friend,.,My friend,wasnt called,by him.,一,.,有使役动词和感官动词的句子中，有两个动词，,第一个动词,就是谓语动词，变被动语态就变它，只是后一个动词前加上,to,.,I,see,him,play,basketball.,-,He,is seen,to,play,basketball.,He,made,his father,buy,a bag.,-,His father,was made,to,buy,a bag,.,二,.,有,情态动词,和助动词,will,的疑问句，变被动句时，,特殊疑问词,、,情动和,will,还是放问句,前,，加的,be,作为原形，放在,主语后,.,不能有,do,/,does,和,did,这些助动词了。,Will you call him?-Will he be called by you?,When did you call,him,?When was he called?,错误：,1.I made him go home,-He was gone to make,He is made to go home,He was made go home,2.Can you ask him?Can be he asked.,3.When did,you,