Whisky training威士忌知识.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Whisky Training,Whisky,威士忌,History of Whisky,威士忌的历史,威士忌一字,是古代居住在爱尔兰和苏格兰高地的塞尔特人,(,CELT),的语言.古代爱尔兰人称这种酒为,UISGE-BEATHA;,古苏格兰人则称为,UISGEBAUGH.,他们的解释均为“生命之,水”,UISGE,的发音,OO-EES-GEE,经过时间的演变,才称为,WHIEKEY.,爱尔兰和美国人写成,KEY,苏格兰和加拿大则写,成,KY,尾音有短长之别.,Whisky,威士忌,History of Whisky,威士忌的历史,The word“Whiskey”comes from Gaelic,the language,of the,celts,of Ireland and the Scottish Highlands.The,Old Irish name for the favorite drink was,uisgebeatha,the Scotch version was,uisgebaugh,and in both,Countries it meant“water of life”.,Uisge,was,pronounced,Oo-ees-gee,which has been anglicized in,the course of time to our familiar word.And the right,here it should be pointed But that the Irish and,Americans spell whiskey with and e,the Scotch and,Canadian drop the e.,Pure water remains a vital ingredient,纯净的水是重要的成分,Peat gives whisky a distinctive smoky reek,泥碳给予威士忌独特的烟熏味,Drying malted barley in a kiln,已发芽的大麦在窑中烘干,Whisky,威士忌,Making Whisky,威士忌的酿造,用谷类(或已发芽的)磨成粗糙的粉,先经热水过一次,提炼出,甜味的液体,再冷却加入混合的酵母,首先形成了未经提炼,的麦酒,然后在壶状或圆桶状的蒸馏器内蒸馏,因为酒精沸腾,的温度比水低,所以酒精一蒸发就先释放出来了,然后凝结(浓,缩成)纯净的,高酒精浓度的酒,最后成年在橡木桶内.,Whisky,威士忌,Making Whisky,威士忌的酿造,Whisky is made from a cereal;some(or all)of it,malted,that has been ground into a rough flour then,mashed by passing hot water through the flour to,extract a sweet liquid.This is cooled,yeast is added,and the mixture ferments,turning into a crude beer.,This is then distilled in either a pot or a column still.,Because alcohol boils at a lower temperature than,water,the alcohol,vapours,are released first.These,are condensed into a clear,strong spirit which is then,aged in Oak casks.,Traditional,Pot distiller,传统的壶式蒸馏器,Whisky,威士忌,Different kinds of Whisky,威士忌的种类,Malt Whisky,麦 芽,Grain Whisky,谷 物,Blended Whisky,混 合,Main whisky producing countries,威士忌的主要产地,Scotland,苏 格 兰,Ireland,爱 尔 兰,Canada,加 拿 大,American,美 国,Whisky,威士忌,Different kinds of Whisky,威士忌的种类,只采用100%的大麦麦芽为原料(用泥炭熏过的发芽的大麦,经过干燥处理)发后蒸馏使用传统的壶式蒸馏器(2次到3次,蒸馏)然后在橡木桶内逐渐成熟,必须存放3年以上.酒的特征,是强烈但很强烈但是有均衡的辣味,Malt Whiskey,Malt whisky is made exclusively from malted barley,is distilled twice(or occasionally three times)in pot,stills.It is then aged in used oak casks for a minimum,Of three years,Whisky,威士忌,Single Malt Whiskey,是指从同一蒸馏厂出品种的用同一品种的谷物为原料不经任,何与其他品种的调配得到的品种.,Malt whisky A single malt whisky produced&bottled,from a single distillery without being blended with,other whiskies,Different kinds of Whisky,威士忌的种类,Whisky,威士忌,Different kinds of Whisky,威士忌的种类,Grain Whiskey,采用未发芽的小麦为原料,主要是玉米和麦子在大型的工业,蒸馏器中大批量生产(发酵后蒸馏)然后在橡木桶里逐渐成熟,(至少3年),酒的特征是醇和,口感不很强烈,主要是用于其他,品种调配生产调配类品种.,Grain whisky is made from either corn or wheat,with,some malted barley.It is distilled in a column still to,produce a lighter spirit with a high degree of alcohol,and aged in used casks for a minimum of three years,Whisky,威士忌,Making Whisky,威士忌的酿造,两种的混合物.按比例,还有调配师的经验调配而成.有时可,高达50种不同的品种在内.大约有95%的苏格兰威士忌是调,配类的.混合的在味觉上虽不如纯麦芽制的,但在嗅觉上,却比麦芽制的诱人,Combination of grain&malt whiskies,sometimes as,Many as 50 different.About 95%Scotch are blended.,Since blending is done by smell rather than taste,a,Blender is know as a“nose”.,Blended Whiskey,Whisky,威士忌,Scotch Whisky,苏格兰威士忌,真正的苏格兰威士忌,是用单纯麦芽制造的,而且只是一个酒,厂用麦芽所制的,但多数人认为这种威士忌泥煤味太浓了,因为,熏麦芽时用的是泥煤.经过混合各厂出的威士忌,特别是谷物,制的,原有麦芽味道已经冲淡了,特别是美国人爱好的,谷物,制的威士忌成份比率更高.,4 Scotch Whisky produce region,苏格兰威士忌四个产区,Highland,高地,Lowland,低地,Campbel,Town,康贝尔镇,Islay,伊莱,Whisky,威士忌,Scotch Whisky,苏格兰威士忌,The only true Scotch is the“single”malt whiskey-,one that comes from a single distillery and is made,exclusively from malt.Most people would consider,this fairly heavy,perhaps because of its pronounced,peatiness,.From that extreme,through blending,with other types of whiskey,especially grain whiskey,the taste of the pure malt is subdued until you get,what the American whiskey fancier likes,which has,a higher percentage of grain whiskey.,Whisky,威士忌,Scotch Whisky,苏格兰威士忌,苏格兰威士忌,基本上是由当地出的大麦制成的,但因产量,不够需求,近来也有美国,加拿大,印度,非洲进口大麦,.,Scotch whiskey is obtained primarily from barley,Which is grown in Scotland preferably,but of late,Years barley from California,Canada,India,Africa,And other countries has been imported for distilling,Purposes.,Whisky,威士忌,Scotch Whisky,苏格兰威士忌,制造威士忌的五项主要程序,Five main processes in the making of Scotch:,发芽,Malting,搅碎,Mashing,发酵,Fermenting,蒸馏,Distilling,陈年和混合,Maturing and blending,Whisky,威士忌,Scotch Whisky,苏格兰威士忌,混合威士忌在木桶中储存约五至十二年,甚至于二十年的,但所有的苏格兰麦芽威士忌只陈了五年.因此威士忌的品,质,以重视混合者的技术为第一.一种混合技术差的,或本,质不好的威士忌,陈年再久,也不会成为好的.,Whisky,威士忌,Scotch Whisky,苏格兰威士忌,Fully blended Scotch is laid away in casks for marring,for periods of five to twelve or even twenty years.,all Scotch malts,remain in their casks for a minimum,of five years.However,it is important to keep in mind,that the quality of the whisky and skill of the blenders,hand must be there first.A poor whisky,or one that,has been poorly blended,will continue to be a poor,whisky,regardless of its age.,Whisky,威士忌,Irish Whisky,爱尔兰威士忌,爱尔兰制造威士忌,至少有七百年的历史了,有些权威人士,认为蒸馏术起源于爱尔兰而西传到苏格兰的,爱尔兰的威士忌,与苏格兰的不同,是比较柔和而甜的,成熟度较高,多是陈了,十二年的,而苏格兰的则多是陈四或五年.,The Irish have been making whiskey for at least,seven hundred years.In fact,most authorities agree,that the art of distilling the malted grain originated,in Ireland and the knowledge spread from there to,western Scotland.Irelands whiskey is unlike Scotch,whiskey,it is softer,sweeter and sophisticated.,Whisky,威士忌,Irish Whisky,爱尔兰威士忌,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,在殖民地时代,苏格兰和爱尔兰的移民已有了造酒的知识有,什么谷物就用什么来制酒,在纽约州西部和宾州用的是黑麦,在,南部用的则是玉米,In colonial days,Scotland and Ireland immigrants,brought the knowledge of whiskey making with them.,Most of farmers had home constructed pot stills and,Made their brew from whatever grain was available.,In western New York and Pennsylvania it was rye;,farther south it was corn.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Three categories of American whiskeys,美国威士忌的三大类,Straight Whiskey,单纯威士忌,不混合其他威士忌或谷类制的中性酒精,用的原料是玉米,黑麦,大麦或小麦,制成后储放在炭橡木桶中至少陈两年.,Straight Whisky is distilled from corn,rye,barley,or wheat(not blended with neutral grain spirits or,any other whiskey)and aged in charred oak barrels,for a minimum of two years.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Four types of Straight Whiskey,四种单纯威士忌,波本威士忌是用至少占百分之五十一的玉米谷类发酵蒸馏,成的,在新碳橡木桶里约陈四年.呈琥栢色原体香味很浓:如是,肯塔基造的称为,Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey,.,另,伊利诺,印第安那,俄亥俄,宾州,田纳西和米苏里州也出产,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Four types of Straight Whiskey,四种单纯威士忌,Bourbon Whiskey is distilled from a mash of grain,containing not less than 51 percent corn and is,normally aged four years in new charred oak barrels.,Bourbon is amber in color and full-bodied in flavor.,When distilled in Kentucky it is usually referred to,as Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey.bourbon is,also produced in Illinois,Indiana,Ohio,Pennsylvania,Tennessee and Missouri.,Whisky,威士忌,Making Irish Whisky,爱尔兰威士忌的酿造,爱尔兰威士忌与苏格兰威士忌的制造过程,大致是一样的,只是爱尔兰在熏麦芽时,所用的不是泥煤而是用的无烟煤,因此没有烟味,有些爱尔兰威士忌是用纯大麦芽制的,有些,混合了燕麦或其他谷物.,Irish Whiskeys are produced in much the same way,as those of Scotland,except that the malted grain is,not smoked over a peat fire.But cooked gently with,A smokeless coal fire.Thus,there is no smoky taste.,some Irish whiskeys are made with pure barley mash,some with a mixture of oats and barley and still,Others With a combination of several grains,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Four types of Straight Whiskey,四种单纯威士忌,黑麦威士忌是用不得少于百分之五十一的黑麦及其他谷物,造成的,颜色也为琥珀色,但味道与前者不同,Rye whiskey is distilled from a mash of grain,containing not less than 51 percent rye and is much,like bourbon in color,but it is different in taste and,heavier in flavor.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Four types of Straight Whiskey,四种单纯威士忌,玉米威士忌,是用不得少于百分之八十的玉米和其他谷物制,造的,陈年是用旧的炭橡木桶,Corn whisky is distilled from a mash of grain,Containing not less than 80 per cent corn.Corn,Whiskey is commonly aged in re-used charred oak,barrels,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Four types of Straight Whiskey,四种单纯威士忌,保税威士忌,通常是,Bourbon,或,Rye,威士忌,但是在美国政府,监督之下制成的,可是政府不保证它的品质,只要求至少陈,四年,酒精纯度在装瓶时为一百,必须是一个酒厂所造,装瓶,厂也为政府所监督.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Four types of Straight Whiskey,四种单纯威士忌,Bottled-in-Bond whiskey,usually bourbon or rye,which is produced under United States government,supervision.Though the government does not,guarantee the quality of bonded whiskey,it does,require that the whiskey be at least four years old,that it be bottled at 100 proof,that it be produced,in one distilling by the same distiller,and that it be,sorted and Bottled at a bonded warehouse under,government supervision.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Blended Whiskey,混合威士忌,它是用一种以上的单一威士忌,以及百分之二十的中性,谷类酒精混合而成的,装瓶时至少要含有八十个酒精纯度,A blended of one or more straight whiskies and,neutral grain spirits containing at least 20 percent,or more straight whiskey bottled at not less than 80,proof.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,3 kinds of American Blended whiskeys,美国混合威士忌的三大类,Kentucky Whiskey,肯塔基威士忌,是用该洲所出的纯威士忌和谷类中性酒精混合而成的,A blend is a blended whiskey in which all the,straight bottled whiskies are distilled in Kentucky.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,3 kinds of American Blended whiskeys,美国混合威士忌的三大类,A Blend of Straight Whiskies,纯混合威士忌,是用两种以上纯威士忌混合而成的,但不加中性谷类酒精,A Blend of Straight Whiskies occurs when two or,more straight whiskies are blended together,to the,exclusion of neutral grain spirits,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,3 kinds of American Blended whiskeys,美国混合威士忌的三大类,American Blended Light Whiskey,淡质威士忌,是美国政府认可的一种新威士忌,蒸馏时酒精纯度高达,一百六十到一百八十九,用旧桶陈年,淡质威士忌所加的,一百个酒精纯度的纯威士忌,不得超过百分之二十,American Blended Light Whiskey is a new,American whiskey category consisting of less,than 20 percent of straight whiskies,at 100,proof and more than 80 percent of American light,whiskey,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Making of,American whiskeys,美国威士忌的制造,美国威士忌的造法,与苏格兰造谷物威士忌的方法大致相似.,但是用的谷物不同,蒸馏出的酒精纯度也比较低.西部的宾洲,肯塔基和田纳西地区,为美国制威士忌的中心,主要是因为那,里的水含有石灰质成份,是制威士忌最重要的条件.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Making of,American whiskeys,美国威士忌的制造,American whiskeys are made by a process very,similar to the one used for making grain whiskeys in,Scotland,except that the grains are different and the,whiskey is distilled out at a lower proof.Western,Pennsylvania,Kentucky,Tennessee and surrounding,areas are the center of the American whiskey industry,because of the plentiful supply of very pure limestone,Water that is so important in the making of whiskey,Whisky,威士忌,Canadian Whisky,加拿大威士忌,Making of,Canadian whisky,加拿大威士忌的制造,加拿大威士忌多由法裔加拿大人制造,所用原料是玉米,黑麦和大麦,因此在酒质上与其他国造的不同,酒质较,淡但很美味,Canadian whisky,in distilling it the French-,Canadian is obviously the creative force for Canada,turns out the worlds lightest,most delicate of,spirits,a marvelous balance of corn,rye and barley.,Whisky,威士忌,Canadian Whisky,加拿大威士忌,Making of,Canadian whiskeys,加拿大威士忌的制造,据专家分析在味道上不同的原因,是因为加拿大较冷的气候影,响谷物的质地,另一原因就是水质,还有他们蒸馏出酒后,马上,就加以混合.,Some experts believe that this whiskys distinct taste,may be attributed in part to special grain varieties,that have been developed to withstand the severe,Canadian climate.Other contributing factors:the,regions water,plus the fact that the blending takes,place immediately after distilling,Whisky,威士忌,Canadian Whisky,加拿大威士忌,Making of,Canadian whiskeys,加拿大威士忌的制造,加拿大的威士忌陈两年就可能装瓶,装瓶时的酒精纯度90,上市的酒都是要陈六年以上.如果少于四年,在瓶上必须注,明,Canadian whisky may be bottled in bond when it is,two years old,and it can be bottled at 90 proof.,However,practically all Canadian whisky is six years,old or older when it is marketed.If it is less than four,years old,its age must be listed on the label,Whisky,威士忌,Canadian Whisky,加拿大威士忌,Making of,Canadian whiskeys,加拿大威士忌的制造,加拿大威士忌所以味美质淡(,light bodied),是因为发酵技术,特别,他们产的酒所含的酒精纯度,由140到180,proof,The distillers have developed a whisky with a delicate,flavor and light body.They obtain these characteristics,with mash formulas designed to produce lightness and,delicacy and by distilling out at varying strengths,ranging from 140 to 180 proof,Whisky,威士忌,Japanese Whisky,日本威士忌,Making of Japanese whiskeys,日本威士忌的制造,日本的制酒工业虽然历史很久,但是很多蒸馏技术,多是学的,苏格兰和法国,日本威士忌,基本上是混合的,他们把淡质的,浓质的混合后连续蒸馏,连续蒸馏设备就是采取法国设计的式样,The Japanese liquor industry is an old one,however,much of the technique of distillation was learned from,the West,especially Scotland and France.,Whisky,威士忌,Japanese Whisky,日本威士忌,Making of Japanese whiskeys,日本威士忌的制造,日本产的多数是浓质威士忌,原料是用大麦芽,一小部分也是用,泥煤火烘干的,但大多日本产的混合威士忌,原料是用黍子,玉,米,印度玉米再加一小部分的米或其他谷物,小麦和黑麦则很少用,Much of the heavier-bodied whiskies are made from,malted barley,some small portion of which is cured over,peat.Most of the whisky used in the blended Japanese,whiskey uses millet,corn,India corn,some small,quantities of rice,and other grains in varying proportions,in their mash bill.Wheat and rye are seldom used.,Whisky,威士忌,American Whisky,美国威士忌,Making of,American whiskeys,美国威士忌的制造,American whiskeys are made by a process very,similar to the one used for making grain whiskeys in,Scotland,except that the grains are different and the,whiskey is distilled out at a lower proof.Western,Pennsylvania,Kentucky,Tennessee and surrounding,areas are the center of the American whiskey industry,because of the plentiful supply of very pure limestone,Water that is so important in the making of whiskey,