初中二年级英语下册.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时,Present Perfect Tense,春天还会远吗,?,will it still be far in spring?,冬天已经来了,Winter has already come,已,学习过的时态,名称,时间,动词形式,一般现在时,平时，经常,现在进行时,正在进行,一般将来时,即将，计划,1.will/shall+v,原形,2.am/is/are going to+v,原形,一般过去时,过去（与现在无关）,1.v-ed,（,规则动词）,2.,不规则动词,过去进行时,过去某一时间，在进行,was/were+v-ing,1.v,原形,2.v,三单,am/is/are+v-ing,1.will/shall+v,原形,2.be going to+v,原形,3.be+ving 4 be about to+,v,原形,1.v-ed,（,规则动词）,2.,不规则动词,was/were+v-ing,Discussion:,When do we use Present Perfect Tense?,now,past,future,一般过去时,现在完成时,现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作,/,状态,或者发生在,过去却对现在造成的影响,将来,现在,过去,1.,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,。,Are you free?,-I have finished my homework.I am free,2.,表示,过去,已经开始,持续到,现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,.,表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词,.,常与,since+,过去的时间点，,for+,一段时间，,so far,等时间状语连用,I have learnt English for more than ten years.,我已经学了,10,多年的英语。,(,从,10,年前开始,持续到现在还在学,),3.,表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的,经历,.,I have,ever,been,to the Summer Palace?,(,我曾去过颐和园,),I,have,never,had,a car.,(,我从未有过汽车。,),现在,完成,时的构成形式,have,done,has,助动词,过去分词,动词的过去分词形式,1.,规则动词,2.,不规则动词,finish-finished-,finish,ed,live-lived-live,d,carry-carried-carr,ied,stopstopped-stop,ped,eg,.,gowent,gone,see-saw,seen,forgetforgot-,forgotten,不规则过去分词的构成,上一页,下一页,Type,original,p.t,p.p,cut,cut,cut,hit(,撞击,),hit,hit,cost,cost,cost,hurt,hurt,hurt,Put(,放,),put,put,read,read,read,AAA,主菜单,meet,met,met,keep,kept,kept,make,made,made,bring,brought,brought,buy,bought,bought,think,thought,thought,teach,taught,taught,tell,told,told,lend,lent,lent,spend,spent,spent,find,found,found,hear,heard,heard,build,built,built,ABB,begin,began,begun,sing,sang,sung,drink,drank,drunk,swim,swam,swum,speak,spoke,spoken,choose,chose,chosen,know,knew,known,forget,forgot,forgotten,break,broke,broken,drive,drove,driven,give,gave,given,eat,ate,eaten,write,wrote,written,ABC,三、现在完成时的各种句式：,.陈述句：主语,have/has+过去分词其他成分。,.否定句：,主语,have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。,3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+,主语,过去分词其他成分？,4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？,5.反意疑问句：借助于助动词have/has来完成反意疑问句。,例如：They have lived that village for ten years,havent they,?,Li Lei has never read this book,has he,?,1.The boy has already gone home.,（,改为一般疑问句）,_,2.The girl has bought some nice presents.,（改为否定句）,_,3.They have ever visited Beijing before.,（,改为否定句）,句型变换,Has the boy gone home yet?,The girl has not bought any nice presents.,They have never visited Beijing before,4.,I have been to Macau before.(,改为否定句,),I _ _ been to Macau before.5.He hasnt come to school,because he was ill,.(,就划线部分提问,),_ _ he come to school?6.He has never surfed,_ _?,（改成反意疑问句）,7.,They have been here,since 2000,.(,对划线部分提问,),_ _have they been here?,have not,Why hasnt,has he,How long,现在完成时的,时间状语,常与,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to now,so far,for the last few weeks,these days,since,for a long time,连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时的时间副词和时间短语,:,1.,副词,already,和,yet,。,already,一般用于肯定句中，,yet,一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。,如,:We have,already,finished our homework.,我们已完成作业了。,They havent finished their homework,yet,.,他们还没有完成作业。,-I have,never,been to the Great Wall.,我从未去过长城。,副词,ever,和,never,。多用于否定或疑问,句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。,如,:-Have you,ever,been to the Great Wall?,你曾经去过长城吗,?,He has just eaten ten apples.,他刚吃完十个苹果。,3.,用,just,表示到说话时为止的时间状语,如,:I have,just,seen her,but I dont know,where she is now.,我刚看见她，但我不知道她现在在哪。,注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有,already,或,just,时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的,already,或,just,去掉，在句末加上,yet.,I havent seen the film,yet,.,I have done my homework,already,.,I havent done my homework,yet,.,Mother has,just,cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house,yet,.,I have seen the film,already,.,如,:I havent seen him,for,two years.,我两年没有见过他了。,4.,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，,一直持续到现在的时间状语,:so far,for+,一段时间,since+,过去时间或一般过去时的句子。,Mrs Li has taught in our school,since,she left normal university.,李老师从师范大学毕业以后就在我们,学校教书了。,选用,for,和,since,填空,:,1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.,2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.,3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.,4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.,5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.,6.Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,用“,never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”,填空,1.I have _ seen him before,so I have no idea about him.,2.Jack has _ finished his homework.,3.Mr.Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.,4.“Have you _ seen the film?”“No,I have _ seen it.”,5.“Has the bus left _?”“Yes,it has _ left.”,never,already,for,ever,never,yet,already,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,他已学英语五年了。,He has studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。,He studied English for five years.,（说明他还继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到,yesterday,Last year,in May,in+,过去某一年，,two days ago,the other day,just now,等就用一般过去时,当有,over these years,in the past/last few days(,在过去,/,最近的几年里,),，,since,接过去时间状语或过去时的句子,等常用现在完成时,现在完成时和一般过去时,He _(work)in our school for one year.,He _(come)to our school last year/in 2002.,They _(cook)the supper already.,They _(cook)the supper half an hour ago.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,Put the following sentences into English.,A:,火车已经开走了,.,B:,什么时候开走的,?,A:,半个小时之前开走的,.,A:,这本书我已经买了两年了,.,B:,你在哪儿买的,?,A:,在我老家买的,.,A:,你看过这部电影吗,?,B:,看过,.,A:,什么时候看的,.,B:,上周星期天看的,.,A:The train has left.,B:When did it leave.,A:It left half an hour ago.,A:have you seen the film?,B:Yes,I have.,A:When did you see it?,B:I saw it last Sunday.,A:,Ive,had the book for two years.,B:Where did you buy it?,A:I bought it in my hometown.,短暂性,动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中,不能与时间段连用,，这些动词是：,become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。,上一页,下一页,在完成式中表述这种意思,我们常用相应的,延续性动词,来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,四,.,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/go to die,become a borrow,Leave/move,buy open,join,start/begin finish/end,catch a cold get up,get to know get out,close wake up,go to sleep,become interested in,be in,be dead,have,keep,be away/be out,be a,be in/a member of,be open,be on,be over,have a cold,be up,know,be out,be closed,be awake,be asleep/sleep,be interested in,翻 译 练 习：,1.,我买了这块手表五年了。,2.,这位老人已经死了十年了。,I,have bought,this watch for five years.,I,have had,this watch,for,five years/,since,5 years,ago.,The old man,has died,for ten years.,The old man,has been dead,for ten,years/since 10,years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.,他已经回来三天了。,4.,自从六点钟他就来这儿了。,5.,我离开家乡已十年了。,He,has come back,for 3 days.,He,has been back,for,3 days/,since,3,days,ago,.,He,has come here,since 6 o,clock.,He,has been here,since 6 o,clock.,I,have left,hometown for 10 years.,I,have been away from,hometown for 10,years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,He died 10 years ago.,-He _ _ _ for 10 years/since 10 years ago.,2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.,-He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.,3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.,-He _ _ the motorbike for a month.,4.He arrived here three days ago.,-He _ _ here since three days ago.,5.They turned off the light 2 hours ago.,-The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,6.He left here 2 years ago.,-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.,7.The film began 30 minutes ago.,-The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.,8.They opened the door an hour ago.,-The door _ _ _ for an hour.,9.They closed the door an hour ago.,-The door _ _ _ for an hour.,10.He joined the army last year.,-He _ _ a _ for a year.,-He _ _ _ the army for a year.,-It _ a year _ he joined the army.,延续性,动词和,瞬间,性,动词之间的转化,He died 10 years ago.,-He,has been dead,for 10 years/since 10 years ago.,2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.,-He,has kept,the book for 2 weeks.,3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.,-He,has had,the motorbike for a month.,4.He arrived here three days ago.,-He,has been,here since three days ago.,5.They turned off the light 2 hours ago.,-The light,has been on,for 2 hours.,6.He left here 2 years ago.,-He,has been away,from here for 2 years.,7.The film began 30 minutes ago.,-The film,has been on,for 30 minutes.,8.They opened the door an hour ago.,-The door,has been open,for an hour.,9.They closed the door an hour ago.,-The door,has been closed,for an hour.,10.He joined the army last year.,-He,has been a soldier,for a year.,-He,has been in,the army for a year.,-It,is,a year since he joined the army.,延续性,动词和,瞬间,性,动词之间的转化,(keys),四、正确运用have/has been to,have/has gone to,和have/has been in 三种结构。,.have/has been to表示“过去曾去过某地”，但现在已经回来了。,.have/has gone to表示“已去了某地”，现在还没有回来。,.have/has been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”，如果是小地方用at代替in。,Has,she ever,been to,Nanjing?,她曾去过南京吗？,2.,You,have,never,been,there,have you?,你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？,3.,I,have been to,Guiling,I went there,last year,我去过桂林，我去年去的。,4.,She,has gone to,Nanjing.,她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,用,Have been to,have gone to,have been in,填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.,Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.,_ you ever _ to,kunming,?Never.,Where _ you _ these days?,Has Jim arrived yet?,Yes,he _ here for several days.,Where is Peter?I don,t know where he _.,Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,动 词 填 空：,1._ you _(clean)the room?,Yes,we _(do)that,already,.,When _ you _(do)it?,We _(do)it,an hour ago,.,2._ he _(see)this film,yet,?Yes.,When _ he _(see)it?,He _ it,last week,.,3.How many times _you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.,5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.,How _ she _(go)there?,She _(go)there by air.,6.,So far,many countries _(develop),their software programs.,7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking,last year,.,8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking,since last year,.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改 错,1.How long have you,begun to study,English?,2.I have,borrowed,this book for two weeks.,3.The river has,become,very dirty since last August.,4.Our manager is away today.He has,been,to Guangzhou on business.,5.He has,gone,out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.,A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned,2.-_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be,4.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have met C met D meet,5.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned,C had been planning D have been planning,6.-When will they leave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave,7-Was he studying for an exam?-Yes,hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.,A is B would C was D were,9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read,C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts,、翻译下列句子：,1.,你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？,2.,我刚刚丢了我的语文书。,3.,我以前从来没去过那个公园。,4.,他已经吃过午饭了。,5.,你已经看过这部电影了吗？,6.,我哥哥还没回来。,7.,我自从上星期看过这部电影。,8.,自从,1992,年他住在这里。,9.,这本字典我已买了三年了。,10.,他离开中国三年了,1.Have you,eatten,fish and,french,frise,?,2.I have lost my Chinese book.,3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?,6 My brother has not returned.,7 I have seen this movie since last week.,8 He has lived here since 1992.,9 I have had this dictionary for three,years.,10 He has been away China for three,years.,