Sample Test 1 详解.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Wh-+ever,与,no matter+wh-,转换,两者的意思相同，而且两者都可以引导让步状语从句，因此，,引导让步状语从句时，两者可以相互转换,。,如：,1)Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I wont believe you.,无论你说什么，我都不相信。,2)Whoever(=No matter who)you are,you have no right to do that.,不管你是谁，你都没权那样做。,Notice:,当,wh-+ever,引导主语从句、宾语从句时，不可与,no matter+wh-,转换。,Notice:,however,修饰,adj.,或,adv.,它的语序是：,however+adj./adv.+,主语,+,谓语,。另外,however,用作一般,adv.,的意思是“但是，另一方面”。试比较：,However,it is also necessary to keep the various dialects,which are loved by local speakers and part of Chinese language.,然而，保留各种方言也是必要的，它们是当地人所爱的，也是中国人语言的一部分。,53.“,疑问词,+to do”,结构中，表示“是否”时，用“,whether”.e.g:I do not know whether to answer his letter.,54.,替代，省略,常用的替代词,:,do/does,so,not,to,do,one/ones,the same,do,替代动词,As a matter of fact,he speaks English much more fluently than you do.,so,作宾语替代单词,词组或句子,动词,:,hope,expect,think,believe,imagine,suppose,等,.,He is a friend of mine and I hope he will always remains so.,Has she finished reading the book?,I hope so.,not,代替否定的句子,He will return at the weekend.I,m afraid not.,Will we have a pay rise?,Yes,I think so.,No,I think not.,to,代替不定式,常同以下词连用,:want,refuse,mean,expect,be afraid,prefer,care,forget,wish,try,oblige,E.g.,I asked him to see a film,but he didn,t want to.,Some people suggested that she reconsider the matter,but she refused to.,省略的不定式结构保留,be,have,have been,Are you on holiday?,No,but I,d like to be.,She hasn,t done it yet.,She ought to have.,祈使句的反意疑问句,1.,若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用,will you,won,t you,would you,等：,e.g.Try to be back by two,won,t you?,If you want help,let me know,would you?,【注】若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只用,will you,：,e.g.Don,t forget to post the letter,will you?,请别忘了寄信。,2.,当祈使句为,Let,s,时,，,反意疑问句总是用,shall we,e.g.Let,s phone her now,shall we?,Let,s go to the cinema tonight,shall we?,当祈使句为,Let us,时,若表示,请求,，反意疑问句用,will you,，若表示,建议,，反意疑问句用,shall we,：,e.g.Let us know your address,will you?,Let us go swimming together,shall we?,【注】,let,s,只表示建议，所以其后反意疑问句总是用,shall we,。而,let us,既可表示建议请求，也可表示建议,(,较正式,),，其后的反意疑问句要根据这两种不同情况分别使用,will you,和,shall we,。,当祈使句带有主语时,:,有时祈使句带有自己的主语，此时不要将其误认为是陈述句：,e.g.Jim,you go there to help him,will you?,You girls stand in the front row,will you?,【注】不要将这类祈使句误认为是陈述句，而误用,dontyou,形式,名词,/,主格代词,+,现在分词,名词,/,主格代词,+,过去分词,名词,/,主格代词,+,不定式,名词,/,主格代词,+,形容词,名词,/,主格代词,+,副词,名词,/,主格代词,+,介词短语,There being+,名词（代词）,It being+,名词（代词）,独立主格：,结构：,there being+,名词,(,代词,),这种独立主格结构实际上是由,there be,句型表示存在作状语时构成的。,e.g.,There being no bus,(=As there was no bus),they had to walk to see him.,There being enough money,(=If there is enough money),they want to go abroad for their holiday.,There being some difficulty with the study,(=When there is some difficulty with the study),we usually ask our teachers for help.,动词短语词义辨析：,get about,表示,“(,尤指病后,),走动，往来各处，,(,消息、谣言等,),传开,”,；,get on,表示,“,进展；相处；上车；继续干,某事,”,等；,get through,表示,“(,使,),了解；熬过；干完工作,”,；,get in,表示,“,到达；收获,”,。,动词短语词义辨析：,put over,表示 使被理解，传达。的意义，“尤其是指用欺骗手段”做成等,；,put off,表示“推迟，关掉，消除，使厌恶”等,；,put up,表示“抬起，把、拿出来出售（拍卖）等”，张贴，提出（请愿，建议，问题等）,；,put by,表示“继续，储存，抛弃，回避”等,情态动词表虚拟,neednt have v-ed,表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要,”,。,e.g.,You needn,t have waken me up;I don,t have to go to work today.,注意：,did not need to do,动作并没发生,例：,I didn,t need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.,1.must have v-ed,must have v-ed,表示推测过去某事,“,一定,”,发生了。其否定形式为：,can,t/couldn,t have v-ed,表示过去不可能发生某事。,2.could have v-ed,表示推测过去某动作,“,很可能,”,发生，本可以做某事。,3.ought to/should have v-ed,和,ought not to/shouldn,t have v-ed,用于对已发生的情况表示,“,责备,”,、,“,不满,”,，分别表示,“,本应该,”,和,“,本不应该,”,表示应完成而未完成的动作用于完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作,If,引导的虚拟条件句：,与现在事实相反。,从句谓语动词用,did(be,用,were),，,主句谓语动词,would(should,could,might)+do,；,if+did/were,should/would/could/might+do,If I were you,I would.,与将来事实相反。,从句谓语动词用：,did(,should,+do,或,were+to do),，,主句谓语动词用：,would(should,could,might)+do,。,if+did;should/were to+do,should/would/could/might+do,。,与过去事实相反。,从句谓语动词用,had done,，,主句谓语动词用,would(should,could,might)+have done,；,ifhad+done,should/would+have+done,虚拟条件句,if,可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将,were,had,或,should,移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词,not,不前移。,insensitive,意为,“,反应迟钝的，不灵敏的,”,；,allergic,意为,“,过敏的,”,，常用于,be allergic to,结构，意为,“,对,过敏,”,；,sensible,意为,“,明智的；察觉的,”,，常用于,be sensible of,结构；,infect,意为,“,传染，感染,”,，不与介词,to,连用。,way,指的是为了到达某个地点而要经过的地方，比较笼统、抽象；,track,指,“,不平坦的小路,”,，还可以指铁轨，比赛的跑道等；,track and field.,road,指,“,大道，公路,”,，通行的道路；,lane,指的是,“,公路上用黄线或白线划开的车道,”,。,swerve,意为,“(,车突然地,),转向一边,”,；,twist,意为,“,使转动；扭曲，曲折地走,”,；,depart,意为,“,离开；启程,”,；,swing,意为,“,摆动，挥动,”,。,skate,表示,“,(,在冰面上,),滑行,”,、,“,溜,(,冰,),”,一股指滑冰运动,skid,表示,“,(,人、车等行进时因路面滑而向一侧,),打滑，滑倒,”,slide,表示,“,(,在冰、滑梯、跑道等上,),滑行，滑动；滑落,”,；,slip,表示,“,失脚，滑跤,”,，常指由于不小心、路滑等而滑倒。,result,为不及物动词，常与,in,连用表结果，,result in,意为,“,造成；导致,”,；,assure,意为,“,使确信，使放心,”,；,entail,意为,“,使成为必要；需要,”,；,accomplish,意为,“,完成；实现,”,。,distant,意为,“,遥远的；远离的；疏远的,”,；,slim,意为,“(,指希望、可能性等,),微小的；渺茫的,”,；,unlikely,意为,“,未必有的；未必可能的,”,narrow,意为,“,狭的；狭窄的,”,。,separation,意为,“,分开，裂开,”,；,division,意为,“,分开；分配,”,；,division,意为,“,分割，切分,”,；,difference,意为,“,差异,”,。,P.S.division,与,make,搭配，,make a clear distinction,意为,“,清楚地区分,”,，,air,常用作,“,空气,”,，也可指,“,气氛,”,；,mood,意为,“,心情，心境,”,；,area,意为,“,地区；范围,”,；,climate,意为,“,气候,”,，既可指自然,“,气候,”,，也可比喻,“,政治气候,”,，,“,经济气候,，经济环境,”,等。,consistently,意为,“,一贯的，一致的,”,；,consequently,意为,“,因此，所以,”,；,invariably,意为,“,不变的，永恒的,”,；,fortunately,意为,“,幸运的，好运的,”,exploited,意为,“,被开发的,”,；,controversial,意为,“,引起争论的，有争议的,”,；,inexhaustible,意为,“,用不完的，无穷无尽的,”,；,remarkable,意为,“,异常的，非凡的,”,visit,表示,“,参观,(,景点、人物等,)”,；,travel,表示,“,旅行,”,；,watch,表示,“,观看,(,活动、比赛等,)”,；,tour,表示,“,在,旅行，参观,(,地点,)”,Connectives for Conclusion,uninformative,意为,“,不提供资料的,无消息的,”;,startling,意为,“,吃惊的,”;,harmless,意为,“,无害的,”;,uncontrollable,意为,“,不可控制的,”,Consist of,Constitute,Comprise,：包括，覆盖,Compose,：,be composed of(,常见于被动,),例,Cast aside:,抛弃，丢开（不再用的人或物）；,Throw away:,扔掉，丢掉（废弃物）；,Put down:,放下，镇压（暴乱），记下，写下，取缔；,Give away:,泄露，告发，丧失，抛弃，赠送，在（婚礼上）把新娘交给新郎,in the event of,表示,“,如果发生,，万一,”,；,in the case of,表示,“,在,的情况下，就,而言,”;,with a view of,或者,with a view to,，意思是,“,以,为目的；为,起见,”,；,with reference to,意思是,“,关于,”,elementary,意为,“,初步的，基本的,”,，指事物处于基础的或开始的阶段；,crucial,意为,“,极紧要的，决定性的,”,；,rudimentary,意为,“,基本的，初步的,”,；,fundamental,意为,“,基础的，十分重要的,”,。,in a word,表示对上文的总结；,in the mean time,表示,“,同时,”,；,in that case,表示,“,在那种情况下,”,；,in other words,意为,“,换句话说,”,