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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 3,Comparison&Contrast,（对比与对照）,1/51,Learning Content&Aim,1.Learning Content:,This unit is,a project-based study on genetically modified foods and food safety.,2.Learning Aim:,This unit is aimed at our,learning to evaluate,synthesize and organize the information in the pattern of comparison and contrast.,2/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,1.Information-arranging Approaches,There are generally two approaches of arranging information:,1)Classification,2)Comparison and Contrast,2.Comparison,vs.,Contrast,1)Comparisons show,similarities,among things and ideas while contrasts emphasize,differences,among things and ideas.,2)The purpose of comparison and contrast:,a.to,observe,two or more things in a better way;,b.to,show the superiority,of one thing over another;,c.to,explain,something which is unfamiliar to the reader.,3/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Reading 1,Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles,(P66),New Words:,1)Electric vehicle=,电动汽车,2)Gas vehicle=,燃油汽车,3)Auto industry=,汽车产业,4)Churn out=,快速且大量地生产,5)Dodge Circuit EV=,道奇电路电动车,(electric-powered),6)Dodge Challenger=,道奇挑战者,(gas-powered),7)Muscle car=,肌肉车,8)Bold look=,狂野外形,9)Standard feature=,标准配置,10)lithium-ion battery=,锂电池,4/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Reading 1,Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles,(P66),New Words:,11)Gas guzzling=,耗油,12)V8 engine=V8,引擎内燃机,(8,个气缸成,V,型排列,),13)gasoline=,汽油,14)Refuel a gas vehicle=,给燃油汽车加油,15)Be refined to gasoline=,被提炼成汽油,16)Recharge an electric vehicle=,给电动汽车充电,17)A standard household outlet=,家用标准插座,/,接口,18)socket=,插座,19)Charging station=,充电站,20)Plug A into B=,将,A,电器插入,B,插座中,5/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Reading 1,Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles,Questions:,(P66),1)What are the two subjects being compared and contrasted in this passage?,Electric vehicles and gas vehicles.,2)In which aspect does the passage compare them?,The energy they use,the distance,the cost and convenience.,6/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Reading 1,Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles,Questions:,(P66),3)What are the similarities and differences between the two subjects?,Similarities:the appearance of muscle cars,all the standard features and they can perform similarly.,Differences:,a.Energy,EV-lithium-ion battery is used,so far less energy,GV-guzzling V8 engine is used,so far more energy,b.Distance,EV-150-200 miles,GV-14 miles per gallon in the city and 22 on the highway,7/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Reading 1,Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles,Questions:,(P66),3)What are the similarities and differences between the two subjects?,Differences:,c.Cost,EV-$6 to$12 a week,GV-$5 a gallon,d.Convenience,GV-many people and much energy are used to refuel,EV-only need to plug and recharge it into an outlet,8/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Reading 1,Electric Vehicles and Gas Vehicles,Questions:,(P66),4)How does the passage organize the similarities and difference?,The writer compares and contrasts both vehicles item after item.In such a pattern,the writer structures his paragraph around points of comparison and contrast,moving back and forth between the subjects.,5)Which is more effective-a.list all similarities of the two subjects,then their differences;b.list the similarities and differences of one subject,then the other subjects?,The former one-list all similarities of the two subjects,then their differences.,9/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Using English to Compare and Contrast,(P67),1.What are,the commonly used phrases in comparison and contrast,?,Since comparison and contrast is examining two or more subjects/items to discover their similarities and differences,the following phrases are commonly used to express their relationships:,1)Phrases to express similarities:,a.A is like B/A is similar to B/A is comparable to B/A is as important as B,b.A resembles B/A parallels B,c.Equally,A /Likewise,A /Similarly,A /In a similar way,A /In a similar manner,A /In a similar fashion,A,10/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Using English to Compare and Contrast,(P67),1.What are,the commonly used phrases in comparison and contrast,?,Since comparison and contrast is examining two or more subjects/items to discover their similarities and differences,the following phrases are commonly used to express their relationships:,2)Phrases to express differences:,a.A is unlike B/A is different from B/A differs from B,b.Unlike A,B is /In contrast to A,B is /Compared with A,B is /In comparison with A,B is,c.A is heavier than B/A is more costly than B/A is less abundant than B/A is not as intelligent as B,11/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Eating Fresh Foods or Canned Foods?,(P68),New Words:,1)canned food=,罐装食品,2)flavor(n.)=,（食物）芬芳,/,香气,3)nutrition(n.)=,营养,4)convenience(n.)=,方便,5)lifestyle(n.)=,生活方式,12/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Eating Fresh Foods or Canned Foods?,(P68),The learning of this part is converted into paragraph dictation.,Paragraph 3:,Whats more,there is a health factor that affects both of them.Canned food loses some of the original fresh food nutrients when stored,and also has to be tinned with many preservatives and chemical factors that prolong the shelf life and apparent freshness of the food but could become toxic if consumed too often.Fresh food,on the other hand,often comes straight from a farm and has all the nutrients Mother Nature intended for it.,13/51,Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Comparison&Contrast,Eating Fresh Foods or Canned Foods?,(P68),The learning of this part is converted into paragraph dictation.,Paragraph 4:,As we can see,fresh food offers many benefits that canned food lacks.Therefore,an informed diner should always choose to eat fresh food.After all,we could all use fresh food to improve our health.,14/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,New Words:,1)genetically modified food=,转基因食品,2)organic food=,有机食品,3)empirical result=,实证研究或分析结果,4)concur(vi.)=be in agreement=,意见一致,5)inherent(adj.)=being the natural part of sth=,内在；生来就有,6)combat obesity=,抵制,/,治疗肥胖,7)attribute(n.)=inherent characteristic=,生来含有特征,8)ethics(n.)=,伦理道德,9)warrant(vt.)=,使有正当理由,15/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,1.Work with a partner or a group of 3-4 students.Study the title of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.,(P70),1)Do you know about organic food and genetically modified food and their differences?,Organic food refers to the food made from naturally-grown crops without any artificial chemicals.Organic food is generally considered to be healthy.,Genetically modified food refers to the food made from the crops,some of whose genes have been modified.Genetically modified food is generally considered to be unhealthy.,16/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,1.Work with a partner or a group of 3-4 students.Study the title of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.,(P70),2)Tick the content that the writer will most probably include in his essay entitled,Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,:,a.The similarities between organic and genetically modified foods.,b.The differences between organic and genetically modified foods.,c.The classifications of organic and genetically modified foods.,d.The advantages and disadvantages of organic and genetically modified foods.,e.The significance of peoples perceptions.,f.The ways to compare and contrast organic and genetically modified foods.,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,N,17/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,1.Work with a partner or a group of 3-4 students.Study the title of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.,(P70),3)What would you write if you had to write an essay entitled“,Perceptions of Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,”?,(Open),References for you:,a.The definitions of organic food and genetically modified food.,b.The similarities and differences between organic food and genetically modified food.,c.The advantages and the disadvantages of organic food and genetically modified food.,18/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.,(P71-72),1)What is the focus of the current study of GM food and organic food?,Consumer perceptions of organic processes and products and those involving biotechnology.,2)What are the four concept areas mentioned in the passage?,Health,environment,risk and ethics.,3)What is the significance of the current study?,No study has directly elicited(vt.,引出；得出；诱出,)comparable attitudes about organic and GM products and processes.,19/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.,(P71-72),4)Whats the average response to organic food and GM food in terms of health?,The average participant slightly,but not strongly,agreed with the positively worded health attributes(e.g.organic food is healthier),and disagreed with the negatively worded health attributes(e.g.organic food is less healthy).The average response about the healthfulness of GM foods was generally neutral.,20/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.,(P71-72),5)In comparison with traditional food,which was thought to have higher levels of nutrients,organic or GM food?,Both were thought to have higher levels of nutrients than traditional food.,6)Which food is perceived by consumers to be environmentally friendly?,Generally,consumers perceive organic food as environmentally friendly.,7)Which is perceived by consumers to possess a higher level of risk,organic or GM food?,Respondents perceived GM foods as possessing a higher level of risk than other classes of food.,21/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.,(P71-72),8)What is one of the driving forces for peoples purchase of organic food?,Social acceptability is one motive driving the purchase of organic food.,9)Did the respondents object to GM food for ethical reasons?,Respondents did not have major ethical objections to GM food.,10)What percentage of people agree that GM can improve the life of the people?,Fifty-two percent.,22/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,3.Match the target words with the definitions below.You may infer their meaning from context.,(P76-77),1)very common in a particular place or among a particular group,2)the ability to notice things,especially with the senses,3)neither very great nor very small in size,amount or degree,4)an abstract or general idea,5)good or useful in a particular situation,6)a quality or characteristic that someone or something has,7)produced without using artificial chemicals,(p.prevalent),(a.perception),(i.moderate),(f.construct),(q.advantageous),(k.attribute),(g.organic),23/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,3.Match the target words with the definitions below.You may infer their meaning from context.,(P76-77),8)the number or amount of something in general,9)a substance in food that plants,animals and people need to live,10)to get information or reaction from,11)clearly and exactly,12)to make an action seem reasonable or necessary,13)existing as an essential characteristic,14)person who answers a request for information,(h.volume),(l.nutrient),(d.elicit),(g.explicitly),(b.warrant),(m.inherent),(t.respondent),24/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Articles,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,3.Match the target words with the definitions below.You may infer their meaning from context.,(P76-77),15)based on real experience or scientific experiment,16)to be the opposite of what someone says,17)being too fat in a way that is too dangerous for health,18)to make an illness go away,19)having no personal preference,20)a reason for doing something,(e.empirical),(j.contradict),(o.obesity),(n.cure),(s.neutral),(r.motive),25/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Article,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,4.Reading Strategy-,Skimming for Main Ideas,(P72),#What does skimming refer to?,Skimming refers to reading very quickly to just look at the headings and subheadings and the first lines of each section or paragraph,or to notice the key words that are repeated through the text,for the purpose of understanding the gist(,主旨；关键点,)-the general idea of the text.,26/51,Task 3:Reading Comparison&Contrast Article,Reading 2:,Perceptions of,Genetically Modified and Organic Foods and Processes,4.Reading Strategy-,Skimming for Main Ideas,(P72),#How to skim?,a.To look at the title.,b.To look at the section headings(if any).,c.To look at the first and the last paragraphs.,d.To look at the first and the last sentences in paragraphs.,e.To look at abstract and/or conclusion section.,#How to skim a book?,If you skim a book,look at the contents page,foreword,(,序言；序言,)or introduction.,27/51,Task 4:Writing an Essay of Comparison&Contrast,How to Organize a Comparison and Contrast Essay,(P81-82),1.Comparison,vs.,Contrast,a.A comparison makes a point by discussing the similarities between two or more topics,b.A contrast makes a point by discussing the differences between two or more topics.,2.How to support a point through comparison or contrast?,a.Identify the comparable points of the topic,b.Offer relevant and concrete descriptions and examples for each comparable point,c.Use coordination and subordination of ideas effectively,28/51,Task 4:Writing an Essay of Comparison&Contrast,How to Organize a Comparison and Contrast Essay,(P81-82),3.How to organize a comparison and contrast essay?,There are two methods of organizing a comparison and contrast essay:,1)Subject-by-Subject method=,以比较对象为次序法,Or:block arrangement of ideas=,模块式分布,=Discussing the various aspects of one item before going on to the other.,2)Point-by-Point method=,以比较内容为次序法,Or:alternating arrangement of id
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