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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,英语湖南,专题十 动词时态和被动语态,1/33,中考名题体验,1.（长沙）Your coat fits you well.,Thank you.I_ it when I was on vacation.,A.have bought B.buy C.bought,2.,（,年郴州）,Yangjiang,a famous female writer,_for about a month so far.,A.died B.has been dead C.has been died,C,C,2/33,3.,（,年株洲）He _ in Zhuzhou since seven years ago.,A.works B.workedC.has worked,4.(,年永州,)What are you doing now,？,I,to the music.,A.is listening B.am listening C.was listening,5.,（,年益阳）,Tea,by farmers in our hometown.,A.is grown B.grew C.grow,中考名题体验,B,B,A,3/33,语法探究,4/33,一、动词时态,1.,普通现在时,（,1,）普通现在时使用方法,表示经常性、习惯性动作或存在状态。常与频度副词连用。,I often take a walk in the park.,我经常在公园散步。,These T-shirt are new.,这些,T,恤是新。,表示客观事实、真理。,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,太阳东升西落。,5/33,在时间、条件状语从句中表示未来动作。,If it doesnt rain tomorrow,，,I will go bike riding in the open air.,假如明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。,Illtellherthegoodnewswhenshecomesback.当她,回来时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。,表示按计划或安排将要发生动作，可用普通现在时表未来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,takeplace等。,6/33,（,2,）普通现在时组成,在普通情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，普通在动词原形后加,-s,或,-es,。,情况,组成方法,例词,普通情况,直接加,-s,readreads love,loves,以,s,o,x,ch,，,sh,结尾,加,-es,passpasses boxboxes,teachteach washwashes,以辅音字母,+y,结尾,将,y,变为,i,，再加,-es,carry,carries studystudies,不规则改变,have,has beam/is/are,7/33,2.,普通过去时,（,1,）普通过去时使用方法,普通过去时表示过去某个时间发生动作或存在状态，常和表示过去时间状语连用。如,yesterday,，,the day before yesterday,last week,in,three days ago,the other day,，,just now,，,at the moment,，,this morning,，,once upon a time,，,long long ago,。,What did you do yesterday?,昨天你做了什么？,I went swimming.,我去游泳了。,8/33,表示过去经常性或习惯性发生动作。,When I was at middle school,I often went to school by bike.,我读中课时经常骑自行车去学校,。,（,2,）普通过去时基本结构,实义动词,必定句：主语,+,动词过去式,+,其它,.,I went to the cinema yesterday.,我昨天看了电影。,否定句：主语,+didnt+,动词原形,+,其它。,I didnt,（,go,）,to the cinema yesterday.,我昨天没看电影。,go,9/33,普通疑问句及其回答：,Did+,主语,+,动词原形,+,其它？,必定回答：,Yes,，主语,+did.,否定回答,No,，主语,+didnt/did not.,Did you go to the cinema yesterday,？你昨天去了看电影吗？,Yes,，,I did./No,I didnt.,是，我去了。,/,不，我没去。,特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词,+did+,主语,+,动词原形,+,其它？,Where did you go yesterday?,你昨天去了哪儿？,I went to the cinema yesterday.,我昨天去了看电影。,10/33,be,动词,必定句：主语,+was/were+,其它,.,I was at home yesterday.,我昨天在家。,否定句：主语,+wasnt/werent+,其它,.,I wasnt at home yesterday.,我昨天没在家。,普通疑问句及其回答：,Were/Was+,主语,+,其它？,Were you at home yesterday?,你昨天在家吗？,Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.,是，我在家。,/,不，我不在家。,特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词,+were/was+,主语,+,其它？,Where were you yesterday?,你昨天在哪？,I was at home yesterday.,我昨天在家。,11/33,情况,组成方法,例词,普通情况,加,-ed,washwashed help,helped,以不发音字母e结尾,加,-d,hope,hoped likeliked,以辅音字母,+y,结尾,变,y,为,i,，再加,-ed,carry,carried studystudies,结尾只有一个辅音字母重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母，再加-ed,stop,stopped planplanned,（,3,）普通过去时组成,12/33,3.,普通未来时,（,1,）普通未来时使用方法,表示未来要发生动作或存在状态。惯用时间状语有,tomorrow,，,next week,，,in a few days,in ,two days later,等。,They will go to the cinema tomorrow.,他们明天去看电影。,表示未来意愿、决心、许诺、命令,I will do my best to catch up with them,。我将会尽最大努力赶上他们。,Shall I open the door,？我能打开门吗？,13/33,（,2,）普通未来时组成,will/shall+,动词原形,/,be going to+,动词原形,拓展：,be going to+,动词原形使用方法,表示打算或计划未来要做事。,I am going to Beijing next week.,我打算下周去北京。,表示依据迹象表明将要发生事。,It looks as if it is going to rain.,天看上去好像要下雨了。,14/33,4.,现在进行时,（,1,）现在进行时使用方法,表示现在（说话人说话时）正在发生事情。,He is reading at the school library.,他正在图书馆看书。,表示长久或重复性动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。,Mr Green is writing another novel these days.,这些日子格林先生正在写另一本书。,已经确定或安排好未来活动。,I am leaving for Qingdao next week.,我打算下周去青岛。,15/33,（,2,）现在进行时组成,由,be,动词（,am,，,is,，,are,）,+,动词现在分词组成。现在分词组成规则以下表。,情况,组成方法,例词,普通情况,加,-ing,looklooking work,working,以不发音字母e结尾,去,e,，再加,-ing,write,writing dancedancing,以一个辅音字母结尾重读闭音节,先双写词尾,字母再加-ing,begin,beginning swimswimmig,以-ie结尾词,变,ie,为,y,再加,-ing,die,dying lielying tietying,16/33,5.,过去进行时,（,1,）过去进行时使用方法,表示在过去某个时间点正在发生事情。,What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday morning?,昨天早晨九点她在做什么？,在复合句中，假如主句和从句动作都是延续性或同时发生，那么都能够用过去进行时。,When I saw him,he was cleaning his room.,当我看见他时候，他正在清扫房间。,（,2,）过去进行时组成,过去进行时由,be,动词（,was,，,were,）,+,动词现在分词组成。,17/33,6.,过去未来时,（,1,）过去未来时使用方法,过去未来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生动作或存在状态。过去未来时多用于宾语从句。,He said,（,that,）,he would ring me up at six.,他说他将在,6,点钟给我打电话。,18/33,（,2,）过去未来时组成,would+,动词原形,拓展：过去未来时也可用,was/were going to+,动词原形表示。,She asked me if I was going to send the letter.,他问我是否去寄信。,19/33,7.,现在完成时,（,1,）现在完成时使用方法,表示过去发生或已经完成某一动作对现在造成影响或结果。,I have already had a rest.,我已经休息了一会儿了。,表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，连续到现在，可能还要继续连续下去，常和,“for+,时间段,”“since+,时间点,”,连用。,He has been away for two days.,他已经离开两天了。,20/33,（,2,）现在完成时组成,由,have/has+-ed,分词组成,（,3,）现在完成时与普通过去时比较,二者都能够表示在过去发生并完成动作。假如强调对现在影响，就用现在完成时；假如不强调对现在影响，而是强调动作发生过去时间，就用普通过去时。,21/33,（,4,）常与现在完成时连用时间状语,与表示一段时间时间状语连用，如for+时间段，since+时间点,I have lived in this city for more than 40 years.我在这个城市已生活了40多年。,与already,never,ever,just等过去时间状语连用,I have already found my book.,我已经找到我书了。,与表示包含过去和现在一整段时间状语连用，如lately,recently,in the past few years,these few years,these days,up to now,so far等。,22/33,8.,过去完成时,（,1,）过去完成时使用方法,表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了动作，即,“,过去过去,”,。通常与by,before连用。,We had learned 5,000 words by the end of last month.,到上个月底，我们已经学了,5000,个单词。,表示由过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间动作或状态，常和for,since组成时间状语连用。Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallyca,-,me.当车来时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。,（,2,）过去完成时组成,had+,动词过去分词,23/33,二、动词被动语态,1.,被动语态使用方法,不知道动作执行者是谁。,The watch is made in China.,这块手表是在中国制造。,没有必要指出动作执行者是谁。,More trees must be planted every year,。每年必须种更多树。,24/33,需要强调或突出动作承受者。,Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.,世界上越来越多人说汉语。,说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，惯用被动语态。惯用句型：,It is said that,听说,It is reported that,据报道,It is,（,well,）,known that,众所周知,25/33,2.,被动语态组成,时态,被动语态组成,例句,普通现在时,is/am/are+动词过去分词,The classroom is cleaned every day.教室天天被清扫。,普经过去时,was/were+动词过去分词,She was hurt yesterday.,他昨天受伤了。,普通未来时,will/shall+be+,动词过去分词,A new church will be built in this town next year.,明年这个小镇将会新建一座教堂。,含有情态动词,情态动词+be+动词过去分词,The work must be finished on time.,这项工作必须被按时完成。,26/33,3.,被动语态特殊形式,主动句中感官动词,see,，,hear,，,watch,，,feel,等和使役动词,make,，,let,，,have,等后跟省略,to,动词不定式，变为被动语态是应加上不定式符号,to,。,The great news made her feel happy.she was made to feel happy by the great news.这好消息使她很高兴。,27/33,主动表被动。,a.feel,，,look,，,sound,，,smell,，,taste,等系动词主动语态表示被动含义。,The air in the forest smells very fresh after rain.,雨后森林空气闻起来很清新。,b.wash,，,clean,，,cook,，,cut,，,sell,，,read,，,wear,，,feel,，,draw,，,write,，,sell,，,drive,等和,well,，,easily,搭配时，用主动形式。,My coat washes easily.,我外套洗起来很轻易。,28/33,在,need,，,require,，,want,，,worth,，,deserve,后跟动名词表示被动意义。,His bike need mending.,他自行车需要修一下。,特殊结构,“make oneself heard/understood”,和,“have sth.done”,结构中。,I had my hair cut yesterday.,我昨天剪头了。,29/33,专题集训,30/33,1.Thegeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth,aroundthesun.,A.moves B.moved,C.hasmoved,2.Shallwegoshoppingnow?,Sorry,Icant.I,myshirts.,A.wash B.washes C.amwashing,3.Whobrokethatwindow?,I,.,A.doB.didC.had,A,C,B,31/33,4,.Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.,Oh,Iamsorry.I,dinneratmyfriend,shome.,A.have B.had,C.washaving,5,.Frank,toseehisgrandmaifhe,freetomorrow.,A.willcome,willbeB.comes,is,C.willcome,is,6,.Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.,Really?Where,he,?,A.has,gone B.will,go,C.did,go,C,C,B,32/33,7.,Attention,please!There _ a basketball game between our class and Class 5.,A.has B.is going to be,C.will have,8.When _ this kind of car_？,Three years ago.,A.did;produce B.was;produced,C.is;produced,9.My aunt is a writer.She _ more than ten books since 1980.,A.writes B.wrote,C.has written,B,A,C,33/33,
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