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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,第1页,条件从句,If 从句谓语形式,主句谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,过去式(were),had done,would/could/should/might+V(原),would/could/should/might+have done,1.过去式,2.should+V.(原),3.were to do,would/could/should/might+V.(原),一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中使用方法。,第2页,假如现在不下雨话，我们就出去野餐了。,If it,were,not raining,we,should go,for a picnic.,假如他来这，他就能够帮助你了。,If he,came,here,he,might be able to,help you.,第3页,要是当初她被邀请话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。,She,would have gone,to the party if she,had been invited,.,今天早上，她要是不叫我话，我就会睡过头了。,If she,hadnt called,me,I,would have overslept,this morning.,第4页,明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。If I,were to be,twenty years old next year,I,would take,the course of French.,要是失败了，我会再试一次。,If it,should fail,I,would try,again.,第5页,1.假如你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。,If you,_,here five minutes earlier，you,_ the bus,.,2.假如我现在不忙，我就来帮你了,。,If I _ not busy,I _ you now.,3.假如明天下雪了，我们怎么办？,What _ we,do,if it _,tomorrow?,had got,were,would help,should,were to snow,Would have caught,第6页,If I _busy last night,I _ to see the,film with you.,had not been,would have gone,第7页,If he more carefully,he the car,accident yesterday,.,would not have had,had driven,第8页,If I _(know)your telephone number,I _ (telephone)you yesterday.,had known,would have telephoned,第9页,二.虚拟语气特殊句型:,1.,wish 宾语从句,现在:,过去时（were）,过去:,过去完成时(had done),未来:,would/could/might+V.(原),should,I wish everyday were my birthday.,I wish I hadnt eaten so much food.,I wish I would grow tall.,第10页,我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。,I wish I,were,ten years younger now.,我昨天要是遇见他就好了。,I wish I,had met,him yesterday.,我希望成为一名科学家。,I wish I,would be,a scientist.,第11页,2,.,would rather that,现在,:,过去,:,未来,:,I would rather you,paid,me now.,I would rather I,hadnt come,yesterday.,I would rather you,came,tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,第12页,3.as if/though+从句,现在,：,过去,：,过去时,过去完成时,She loves the baby as if it,were,her own son.,I remember the whole thing as if it,had happened,yesterday.,第13页,他们就像多年朋友一样交谈。,They talked as if they,had been,friends for years.,他看上去像是醉了。,He looks as if he were drunk.,她看起来似乎是冰做,she looked as if she were made of ice.,第14页,4.Its(about/high)time+that,过去时(were),Should(,不省,)+V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you,went,.,Its high time that you,were,going,.,Its high time that you,should,go.,我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we,went,to bed.,Its time that we,should,go to bed.,第15页,5.表示要求,命令,提议虚拟语气。,使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。,常见动词:一个坚持,两个命令,三个提议,四个要求。即,1).insist,2).order,command,3).advise,suggest,propose,4).demand,require,request,ask,第16页,I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting next week.,He insisted that he(should)be sent there.,注意:如suggest,insist不表示“提议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈说语气。,第17页,1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.,2.He insisted that she _(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospital at once.,obey,was,be sent,3.He suggested that we _(have)a meeting at once.,4.His pale face suggested that he _(be)ill.,have,was,第18页,以上动词对应名词组成名词性从句包含主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中动词形式为(should）+动词原形,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,第19页,6.,Its necessary/strange/natural/important/pity/no wonder/impossible+that 从句，,从句中动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形,我们掌握一门外语是非常主要。,It is,important,that we,(should)master,a foreign language.,第20页,很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。,It is strange,that she,refuse,to come to the party.,我们有必要努力学习,Its necessary,that we,should study,hard.,第21页,7.虚拟语气用于If only 引导感叹句中,“要是就好了”,If only I were a flying bird!,=How I wish I were a flying bird!,要是我看过那部电影就好了！,If only I had seen the film!,=How I wish I had seen the film!,第22页,8.在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for 条件句虚拟语气中。,If it were not for the rain,the crops would die.,第23页,要不是你帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务,If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.,=But for your help,=Without your help,=Had it not been for your help,第24页,9.混合型条件句,当条件从句与主句所表时间不一 致时，虚拟语气形式应作对应调整。,主句和从句谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句,。较多见混合型条件句是,从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用普通时（指当前状态）。,第25页,假如他听了我劝说，他现在会经过考试。,He would pass the test,if he had taken my advice,假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。,If I had spoken to him yesterday,I should know what to do now.,假如我是你，我当初就不会打破那杯子。,If I were you,I would not have broken the glass.,第26页,10.连词if省略,假如虚拟条件句谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。,要是没有你帮助，我就失败了。,Had you not helped me,，I should have failed.,第27页,假如你处于我地位，你也会这么干。,Were you in my position,you would do the same.,假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底毁灭洁净。,Should they attack us,well wipe them out completely.,第28页,1._he come,the problem would be settled.,A would.B should.C shall.D if.,2._,man could not live at all.,A were it not for the sun.B if it was for the sun.,C had it not been for the sun.D if it shouldnt be for the sun.,3._.Everything would have been all right.,A had he been here.B here he had been.,C been here he had.D had he been here.,4._fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.,A would you be.B should you be.,C could you be.D might you be.,exercises,第29页,错综时间条件句。即假设条件从句谓语动词发生时间与主句所假设谓语动词不一致。主句和从句谓语动词要依据各自时间而定。,*近几年各类考试中常见试题类型：,If the United States had built more homes for poor people,in 1955,the housing problems,now,in some parts of this country_ so serious.,A.wouldnt be B.will not have been,C.wouldnt have been D.would have not been,第30页,假如你采纳了我提议，你现在就会好得多。,If you,had followed,my advice,you,would be,better now.,假如你之前努力学习了，你现在就是一名大学生，四年后就会大学毕业了。,If you,had studied,hard before,you,would be,a college student now,and you,would graduate,from a college in four years time.,第31页,假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should，were，had三个助动词,能够把 if 省略，并将这三个词提至句首。,_,she a man,she might be elected president.,A.If were B.Were C.Be D.Is,第32页,If I had time,I would come.,If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.,Had I time,I would come.,Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.,第33页,含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without,or,otherwise,but for等词隐含某种假设。,I lost your address,otherwise Iyou long before.,A.had visited B.have visited,C.would have visited D.should visit,第34页,没有你帮助，我们就不会试验成功。,Without your help,we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.,要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。,But for the rain,we would have finished the work.,第35页,常见几个固定句式。如If only,insist,suggest及Its time/necessary/important that从句等等。,If only I,to my parents advice!A.listeningB.listen,C.am listening D.had listened,His silence at the meeting suggested that he,to your plan.A.shouldnt agreeB.wouldnt agree,C.hadnt agreed D.didnt agree,第36页,The old professor gave orders that the experiment,before 6.A.was finished B.will finish,C.be finished D.shall be finished,Its high time he,home.A.goes B.went,C.will go D.is going to go,Even if he _(be)here,he couldnt solve the problem.,A.was B.were C.be D.is,第37页,
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