人教版高二英语选修七unit1-Grammar.ppt

Book 7 unit 1 Living well 大家好大家好1Learning aims1.Revise the infinitive.2.Master the forms and the functions.3.Be able to use freely in the exercises.大家好大家好2不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语，但不能单独作谓语不不定式定式可以有自己的可以有自己的逻辑主语逻辑主语,即即for sb.to do sth.。结构结构:to do (否定否定)not/never to do 不定式不定式大家好二二.时态与语态时态与语态不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-大家好(1)They pretended not to see us.(2)He pretended to be sleeping.(3)She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发发生在它之后生在它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4)Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)to do to be doing to have done to have been doing大家好大家好5三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well.(1).主语主语单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用往往用it it作形式主语作形式主语,不定式置后不定式置后.My job to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.(2).表语表语大家好大家好6I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语宾语think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.大家好大家好7The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补宾补warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等大家好大家好8e.g.I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).注意注意1 help 后面的后面的“to”可省去可省去e.g.They often help the grandma(to)carry water.2 see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等表示等表示 感觉和感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省面，不定式作宾语时要省“to”（注：被动（注：被动 语态不省语态不省to）大家好大家好93 不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1).She could do nothing but cry.(2).I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.大家好大家好10I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.(5).定语定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.大家好大家好11I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6)状语状语（表示目的或结果）（表示目的或结果）in order to,so as to,enough to,only to,too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现在一些短语中也有体现大家好大家好12(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank,to be honest,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构大家好大家好13(8)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.宾语宾语主语主语表语表语大家好大家好14Sentence-making 大家好大家好151爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会屈服。中国人民决不会屈服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely大家好5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.6 玛利仿佛已经被告诉这件事了。玛利仿佛已经被告诉这件事了。Mary seemed _.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given大家好SummaryThe infinitive1.结构：结构：to do not/never to do2.时态和语态：表格时态和语态：表格3.功能功能:主、表、宾、定、状、独主、表、宾、定、状、独立主格立主格大家好Homeworkn nWrite a short passage that contains infinitives.n nFinish the exercises in the exercise books.n nRecite the words in unit 1.大家好结束结束大家好