新版新目标英语八年级下册unit-4知识点总结-).doc

新版新目标英语八年级下册unit 4知识点总结 )八年级英语下册单元知识点总结 Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一、重点短语 1. have free time 有空闲时间 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes 课外活动课5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6. until midnight 直到半夜7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many 太多9. study too much 学得过多 10. get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠11. write sb. a letter 给某人写信 12. call sb. up 打电话给某人13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through 翻看15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal 重要的事17. work out 成功地发展;解决 18. get on/along (well) with 和睦相处；关系良好19. fight a lot 经常吵架/打架 20. hang over 笼罩21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事23. so that 以便 24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事25. all the time 一直 26. in future 今后27. make sb. angry 使某人生气 28. worry about sth. 担心某事29. copy one s homework 抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself 做自己31. family members 家庭成员 32. spend time alone 独自消磨时光33. give sb. pressure 给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities 业余活动37. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 38. give one s opinion 提出某人的观点39. learn exam skills 学习应试技巧 40. practice sports 体育训练41. cause stress 造成压力 42. cut out 删除二、重点短语句型Why dont you talk to your parents? 【解析】Why dont you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不.呢？【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? .怎么样？(2)Why dont you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？(3)Lets do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做好吗？(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做好吗？(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？I have to study too much so I dont get enough sleep. 我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people (2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework (3)much too +形容词 太 much too colde.g. Whats the matter? I have a stomachache. Maybe I have eaten _ tonight. A. too much B. too many C. much too 2. My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 【拓展】allow v 允许allow doing sth 允许做某事 e.g. They dont allow smoking.allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 e.g. My mother allows me to watch TV.be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事3. Whats wrong? 怎么啦？【解析】Whats wrong( with sb./ sth) （某人/物） 怎么了？【2013四川南充】 Mum , Im not feeling well. Oh, dear! _. A. Whats wrong B. Not at all C. All right.4. Im really tried because I studied until midnight last night. 【解析】until 直到.时e.g. . Please hold on to your dream _ one day it comes true. 5. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语） 【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化）五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）( )Jack usually gets _ when he speaks in public. A. happily B. exciting C. worried D. tired( ) Toms father looks very _. But he is very kind. A. seriously B. serious C. friendly 6.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.类似动词：hear，watch, see, feele.g. When I went into the room, I found _ in bed. A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying【解析2】look through 浏览【拓展】与look相关的短语：look for look after=take care of look like look the same look through look out look up look around look forward to 7. Yes, but Im still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气【拓展】angry adj. 生气的 angrily adv. 生气地(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】 (3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气8. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。【解析1】hope v 希望 hope to do sth e.g. I hope to visit Guilin. hope + that 从句 （表示希望） e.g. I hope that youll be better soonwish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 e.g. I wish you to go.wish to do sth e.g. I wish to visit Guilin.wish +that 从句 表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 e.g. I wish I were you.【解析2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。计算出（答案、数量、价格等） The math problem is too difficult for me to work out制定出（计划等） I have worked out a new way of doing it.work out 解决；找出的答案 The government has many problems to work out.e.g. The teachers encourage their students to _ the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success. A. give up B. work out C. look through9.My problem is I cant get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 =get along with get on well/ badly with 相处地好/坏 10.When they argue, its like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。【解析1】argue 争吵argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论argue with sb. 与某人争吵 argue about sth 争论某事argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵 argue against 争辩；反对 e.g. He argued against the plan 11. hang over 挂在.之上； 悬浮在.之上 hang out 闲逛；常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.hang on to 紧紧抓住 Youd better hang on to me in the crowd.hang up 挂电话；悬挂 After she finished her conversation12.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.【解析】elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill.elder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。e.g. My _brother is 7 years older than my younger sister. 13.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事e.g. The boy refused _(go) to see his father with us. He invited her to his birthday party but she _(拒绝).14.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. 【解析1】 instead 代替，反而，替 (1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。Lee was ill so I went instead. (2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didnt call him. She wrote to him instead. e.g. ( ) Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _ rich food. A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. becausee.g. Weve got no coffee. Lets have tea _. A. either B. however C. yet D. instead 【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，无论什么e.g. _ happens, I wont change my mind.(无论什么）15.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果你的父母有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事【拓展】offer v 主动给予(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物 16.Secondly,why dont you sit down and communicate with your brother? 【解析1】secondly adv.第二；其次【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流e.g. They communicate with each other by QQ.( ) They cant understand each other so they have difficulty in _. A. communicate B. communicated C. communicating17.You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time. 【解析】explain 解释；说明 explanation n 解释；说明explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事e.g. Mr. Wu always spends a lot of time _(解释) things to us. 18. Im worried about my school grades. 【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事【拓展】worry v 担心 worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为担心e.g. Dont be _(worry). Youll catch up with others.( ) Dont _ about things so much. It will make you stressed out.A. afraid B. worry C. worried D. Terrifiede.g. You look _ . Whats up, sir? I cant find my ticket, but its time to check in. A. sleepy B. hungry C. tired D. worried19.My cousin borrows my things without returning them. 【解析】return v 归还=give back return . to . = give back to . 把.还给. v 回来；返回 = come back e.g. He borrowed my iphone 4 and didnt _(归还） it to me.20.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。【解析】press v 按；压 pressure压力不可数名词 （物理学）压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下21.I have to compete with my classmates at school. 【解析】compete v竞争；对抗 competition n 竞争compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与竞争compete for 为参加比赛We are ready for the coming _(compete).22. Who gives their opinions about the problem? 【解析】opinion n 意见；想法；看法 in ones opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。23.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes . 【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】：分开是一段， 合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv 在某个时候， (3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.(4)sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词） e.g. ( ) I hope to visit the USA _ in the future. A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time 24. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my childrens future. 【解析】cut out 删除；删去 (v+adv) Youd better cut out that sentence. cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断（水、电）供应e.g. ( ) Dont _ when others talk; its impolite. A. cut out B. cut in C. cut down D. cut off25. I really want them to be successful. 【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功，达到 success n 成功successful adj 成功的successfully adv成功地 succeed in doing sth e.g. If at first you dont _(success) . try, try again.( ) She works very hard ,so she will _ in _ the exam.A. successful; pass B. success ;passing C. succeed; passing D. successful; passing 26. In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older. 【解析】continue 继续；持续【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）e.g. Lets continue_(read) the text. Many students hope to continue _ (study) after _(finish) school.（ ） The two teams continued _ the game after half an hour. 27.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes. 【解析1】send sent sent v 发送 【短语】： send away 赶走 send for 派人去请send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物 【解析2】all kinds of 各种各样的 【拓展】kind (1) n 种类 kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of?那种 (2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好【辨析】kind of 与kinds of:kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词： e.g. He is kind of thin. I feel kind of hungry. Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，译为“种，种类” 后加名词。e.g. That kind of question is difficult to answer. What kind of sport do you like best? 28. And they are always comparing them with other children.她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。【解析】compare A with B 将A和B 比较 (1)comparewith 把与.做比较 (2) compareto 把.比做( ) . People often compare a teacher _a candle. A. to B. into C. as D. with ( ) . Its necessary English Chinese in English study. A. compare ; to B. to compare ; with C. comparing ; to D. to compare; into 二、重点语法1. 情态动词should与could的用法should的用法should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldnt。e.g. she should say sorry to you. could的用法情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldnt。e.g. My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty. You could go out and buy her some medicine. 2.状语从句 状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。1).until引导的时间状语从句until意为“直到；在.之前”。注意until和not.until在用法上的区别。Until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob come Dont get off until the bus stops. I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock. 2).so that引导的目的状语从句so that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。 Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later. 3). although引导的状语从句although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。e.g. Although the book was old, we decided to buy it. Although he was tired, he went on working.