新版新目标英语八年级下册unit-4知识点总结-).doc

新版新目标英语八年级下册unit 4知识点总结 )
八年级英语下册单元知识点总结
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一、重点短语
1. have free time 有空闲时间
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
4. after-school classes 课外活动课
5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架
6. until midnight 直到半夜
7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈
8. too many 太多
9. study too much 学得过多
10. get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠
11. write sb. a letter 给某人写信
12. call sb. up 打电话给某人
13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶
14. look through 翻看
15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
16. a big deal 重要的事
17. work out 成功地发展;解决
18. get on/along (well) with 和睦相处；关系良好
19. fight a lot 经常吵架/打架
20. hang over 笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
23. so that 以便
24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
25. all the time 一直
26. in future 今后
27. make sb. angry 使某人生气
28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. copy one’ s homework 抄袭某人的作业
30. be oneself 做自己
31. family members 家庭成员
32. spend time alone 独自消磨时光
33. give sb. pressure 给某人施压
34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架
35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争
36. free time activities 业余活动
37. get better grades 取得更好的成绩
38. give one’ s opinion 提出某人的观点
39. learn exam skills 学习应试技巧
40. practice sports 体育训练
41. cause stress 造成压力
42. cut out 删除
二、重点短语句型
Why don’t you talk to your parents?
【解析】Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢？
【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：
(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么样？
(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？
(3)Let’s do sth.让我们一起做某事吧。
(4)Shall we/I do sth?我们做…好吗？
(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事
(6) Will/Would you please do sth 请你做…好吗？
(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事吗？
(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事吗？
I have to study too much so I don’t get enough sleep. 我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。
【解析1】(1)too many + 复数名词 许多 too many people
(2)too much +不可数名词 许多 too much homework
(3)much too +形容词 太… much too cold
e.g. — What’s the matter?
— I have a stomachache. Maybe I have eaten ___ tonight.
A. too much B. too many C. much too
2. My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. 我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。
【解析】allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事
【拓展】allow v 允许
allow doing sth 允许做某事 e.g. They don’t allow smoking.
allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事 e.g. My mother allows me to watch TV.
be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事
3. What’s wrong? 怎么啦？
【解析】What’s wrong( with sb./ sth) （某人/物） 怎么了？
【2013四川南充】— Mum , I’m not feeling well. — Oh, dear! _____.
A. What’s wrong B. Not at all C. All right.
4. I’m really tried because I studied until midnight last night.
【解析】until 直到......时
e.g. . Please hold on to your dream _____ one day it comes true.
5. You look sad, Kim. 金，你看起来很伤心。
【解析】look 看起来 （系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）
【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj. 作表语
一是：（be） am /is /are be quiet=keep quiet 保持安静
二保持：stay/keep （表示持续状态） stay healthy=keep healthy 保持健康
三变化：become/get/turn （表示状态变化）
五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel （表示感觉）
( )Jack usually gets ______ when he speaks in public. A. happily B. exciting C. worried D. tired
( ) Tom’s father looks very _____. But he is very kind. A. seriously B. serious C. friendly
6.Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. 哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。
【解析1】find sb. doing sth 发现某人正在做某事Mr. Wang found Li Dong reading a storybook in the class.
类似动词：hear，watch, see, feel
e.g. When I went into the room, I found ___ in bed. A. him lying B. he lying C. he lies D. him was lying
【解析2】look through 浏览
【拓展】与look相关的短语：
look for look after=take care of look like look the same look through
look out look up look around look forward to
7. Yes, but I’m still angry with her. 是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。
【解析】be angry with sb. 生某人的气
【拓展】angry adj. 生气的→ angrily adv. 生气地
(1)be angry with sb. =be mad at sb. 对某人生气【with后接人】
(2)be angry at/about sth对某事感到生气 【at后接事】
(3)be angry to do sth 做某事感到生气
8. Hope things work out. 希望事情顺利解决。
【解析1】hope v 希望
hope to do sth e.g. I hope to visit Guilin.
hope + that 从句 （表示希望） e.g. I hope that you’ll be better soon
wish sb.to do sth 希望某人做某事 e.g. I wish you to go.
wish to do sth e.g. I wish to visit Guilin.
wish +that 从句 表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 e.g. I wish I were you.
【解析2】work out 解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well, badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。
计算出（答案、数量、价格等）
The math problem is too difficult for me to work out

制定出（计划等）
I have worked out a new way of doing it.

work out
解决；找出…的答案
The government has many problems to work out.

e.g. The teachers encourage their students to ____ the problems by themselves, and in this way students can enjoy success.
A. give up B. work out C. look through
9.My problem is I can’t get on with my favorite. 我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。
【解析】get on with sb. 和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好 =get along with
get on well/ badly with 相处地好/坏
10.When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。
【解析1】argue 争吵
→argument n 争论 have an argument with sb.与某人辩论
argue with sb. 与某人争吵
argue about sth 争论某事
argue with sb. about sth 为某事与某人争吵
argue against 争辩；反对 e.g. He argued against the plan
11. hang over 挂在......之上； 悬浮在......之上
hang out 闲逛；常去某处 He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop.
hang on to 紧紧抓住 You’d better hang on to me in the crowd.
hang up 挂电话；悬挂 After she finished her conversation
12.Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me.
【解析】elder adj.年纪较长的 His elder brother is ill.
elder
用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语
older
泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。
e.g. My ______brother is 7 years older than my younger sister.
13.He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. 他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。
【解析】refuse =say no to v拒绝 refuse to do sth拒绝去做某事
e.g. The boy refused __________(go) to see his father with us.
He invited her to his birthday party but she _______(拒绝).
14.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.
【解析1】 instead 代替，反而，替
(1) instead 副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。
Lee was ill so I went instead.
(2) instead of +n/doing 代替，而不是，放在句中
instead of 为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。
She wrote to him instead of calling him.=She didn’t call him. She wrote to him instead.
e.g. ( ) Health is very important to us. We should eat more vegetables and fruit _____ rich food.
A. instead B. instead of C. because of D. because
e.g. We’ve got no coffee. Let’s have tea _______.
A. either B. however C. yet D. instead
【解析2】 whatever = no matter what 任何，无论什么
e.g. _________ happens, I won’t change my mind.(无论什么）
15.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果你的父母有问题，你应该主动提供帮助。
【解析】 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
【拓展】offer v 主动给予
(1) offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
(2)offer sb. sth= offer sth to sb. 主动提供给某人某物
16.Secondly,why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother?
【解析1】secondly adv.第二；其次
【解析2】communicate v交流 communication n 交流；沟通communicate with sb. 和某人交流
e.g. They communicate with each other by QQ.
( ) They can’t understand each other so they have difficulty in _____.
A. communicate B. communicated C. communicating
17.You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time.
【解析】explain 解释；说明 → explanation n 解释；说明
explain sth to sb. 向某人解释某事。 explain to sb sth给某人解释某事
e.g. Mr. Wu always spends a lot of time __________(解释) things to us.
18. I’m worried about my school grades.
【解析】 be worried about sth. 担心某事
【拓展】worry v 担心 → worried adj. 焦急的 worry about = be worried about 为……担心
e.g. ①Don’t be _________(worry). You’ll catch up with others.
( )② Don’t ____ about things so much. It will make you stressed out.
A. afraid B. worry C. worried D. Terrified
e.g. －You look _________ . What's up, sir? －I can't find my ticket, but it's time to check in.
A. sleepy B. hungry C. tired D. worried
19.My cousin borrows my things without returning them.
【解析】return ⑴v 归还=give back return ... to ... = give back to ... 把......还给......
⑵ v 回来；返回 = come back
e.g. He borrowed my iphone 4 and didn’t ________(归还） it to me.
20.My parents give me a lot of presure about school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。
【解析】press v 按；压 →pressure压力
⑴不可数名词 （物理学）压力air pressure 气压 blood pressure 血压
⑵不可数名词 还可指精神上、外界施加的压力 = stress under pressure 在压力下
21.I have to compete with my classmates at school.
【解析】compete v竞争；对抗 → competition n 竞争
compete with sb. 和某人竞争compete against/ with 与……竞争compete for 为……参加比赛
We are ready for the coming ________________(compete).
22. Who gives their opinions about the problem?
【解析】opinion n 意见；想法；看法 in one’s opinion 以某人的观点；在某人看来
give opinions about sth. 给出关于某事的观点。
23.These days , Chinese children are sometimes busier on weekends than weekdays because they have to take so many after-school classes .
【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes
【口诀】：分开是一段， 合起是某时； 分开s 是倍次，合起s是有时
(1) some time一段时间，做时间状语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
(2) sometime adv 在某个时候，
(3) some times 名词词组，“几次，几倍” Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.
(4)sometimes=at times 有时 （一般现在时的标志词）
e.g. ( ) I hope to visit the USA _____ in the future.
A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
24. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future.
【解析】cut out 删除；删去 (v+adv) You’d better cut out that sentence.
cut up 切碎 cut down 砍到 cut in 插队 cut off 切断（水、电）供应
e.g. ( ) Don’t ___ when others talk; it’s impolite. A. cut out B. cut in C. cut down D. cut off
25. I really want them to be successful.
【解析】successful 成功的【拓展】 succeed v 成功，达到 →success n 成功
→successful adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地
◆succeed in doing sth
e.g. ①If at first you don’t ____________(success) . try, try again.
( )② She works very hard ,so she will ____ in ____ the exam.
A. successful; pass B. success ;passing C. succeed; passing D. successful; passing
26. In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older.
【解析】continue 继续；持续
【拓展】continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）
e.g. ①Let’s continue____________(read) the text.
②Many students hope to continue ________ (study) after _______(finish) school.
（ ）③ The two teams continued _____ the game after half an hour.
27.Mothers send their small kids to all kinds of classes.
【解析1】send→ sent → sent v 发送
【短语】： send away 赶走 send for 派人去请
send off 寄出 send out 分发 send up 发射send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送给某人某物
【解析2】all kinds of 各种各样的
【拓展】kind (1) n 种类
kind of +adj.有点，有几分，kind of cold 有点冷 a kind of 一种的，某种的 all kinds of 各种各样的
different kinds of 不同种类的 What kind of…?那种
(2) adj. 友好的 be kind to sb. = be good to sb.=be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
【辨析】kind of 与kinds of:
kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词：
e.g. He is kind of thin.
I feel kind of hungry.
Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。
若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，译为“种，种类” 后加名词。
e.g. That kind of question is difficult to answer.
What kind of sport do you like best?
28. And they are always comparing them with other children.她们总是把自己的孩子和其他的孩子作比较。
【解析】compare A with B 将A和B 比较
(1)compare…with… 把……与…..做比较
(2) compare…to… 把…..比做……
( ) ①. People often compare a teacher _________a candle.
A. to B. into C. as D. with
( ) ②. It’s necessary English Chinese in English study.
A. compare ; to B. to compare ; with C. comparing ; to D. to compare; into
二、重点语法
1. 情态动词should与could的用法
should的用法
should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldn’t。
e.g. she should say sorry to you.
could的用法
情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldn’t。
e.g. My grandfather could drive well even at the age of eighty.
You could go out and buy her some medicine.
2.状语从句
状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。
1).until引导的时间状语从句
until意为“直到；在........之前”。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。
Until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里
如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
The young man read till the light went out.
Let’s wait until the rain stops.
We won’t start until Bob come
Don’t get off until the bus stops.
I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.
2).so that引导的目的状语从句
so that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。
Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.
3). although引导的状语从句
although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。
e.g. ① Although the book was old, we decided to buy it.
② Although he was tired, he went on working.