表语从句(经典).doc

表语从句一 定义：表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语二引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。The reason was that he was late for school.原因是他上学迟到了(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：1. He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。2. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：（从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句）。如：All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。The key is whether we can solve the problem.关键是我们是否能解决问题。注：（能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look，sound等）。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢My question is who left. 我想问的是谁离开了。 (4) 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：What I wonder is when he left. 我想知道他是何时离开的。This is where they once lived. 这就是他们曾经住过的地方。That is why he didnt come here. 这就是他为何没到这儿来的原因。 The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。(5) 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。Its just because he doesnt know her. 这是仅仅因为他不认识她。Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。(Thats because.强调原因) Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。 (Thats why.强调结果) (6) 解释：在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。三系动词分类:1、分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be, seem）和半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）eg：1. He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”，实义动词用法)2 .He looks a clever boy .（“看起来”，系动词用法）3. He looks at a clever boy.（“看着”，实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。分为四类：A五大感官系动词 B状态系动词C动态系动词 D双谓语系动词A五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。1look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2smell“闻起来”，后接adj.分词。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。3sound“听起来”，后接adj.分词。 The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4taste“尝起来”，后接adj.分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。5Feel “摸起来，给感觉”； “觉得”，后接adj.p.p.eg：You will feel better after a nights sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。B状态系动词：1be，“是”，属完全系动词。 I am a student. 我是一个学生。2seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。 They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。3appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词It appeared(to be）a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。4keep, “保持的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。Youd better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5remain,“仍是”，半系动词。 I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。6stay“保持（某种状态）”半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词The window stayed open all the night.7.prove “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.n.The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。C动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1get“变成，变得起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。2fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat.The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。My father fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了。3grow“渐渐变得起来，长得” Its growing warm. 天气渐渐暖和起来了。4turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。Maple trees turn red in autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了。 It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine.今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。5go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”The telephone has gone dead. 电话不通了。 The material has gone a funny colour. 这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。go之后常接的adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger，white, pale, blue, grey.6become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”I became interested in drawing. 我开始对素描感兴趣了。He became angry with me. 他对我生气了。 They became good friends. 他们成了好朋友。7come，“变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞行员的愿望实现了If you look into the matter, everything will come clear.如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear（昂贵），natural, open, short, right（好了），unstuck（没有粘住），untied（松开）。8run,“变成”，后接adj. The price ran high. 价格上升了。9make，“达到某种状态后接形容词，如：sure, certain, merry, bold, free.We must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。D双谓语系动词 此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如：The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。He married young. 他结婚很早。Lei Feng died young.雷锋早逝。He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。