《英语人文知识》.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,General,Knowledge,I.,考试大纲要求,1.,测试要求,:,(a),能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化,传统等。,(b),能初步具备英语文学知识。,(c),能初步具备英语语言学知识。,(d),考试时间,10,分钟。,2.,测试形式,:,本部分采用多项选择题形式,要求学生从每题的四个选 择项中选出一个最佳答案。共,10,题。,3.,测试目的,:,人文知识部分测试学生对主要英语国家社会与文化、英 语文学与英语语言学基本知识的掌握程度。,4.,测试范围,(a),主要英语国家社会与文化知识。,(b),英语文学知识。,(c),英语语言学知识。,II.,历年考题,TEM 8-2005,31._ is the capital city of Canada.,A.Vancouver,B.Ottawa,C.Montreal,D.York,32.U.S.presidents normally serves a(an)_term.,A.two-year,B.four-year,C.six-year,D.eight-year,33.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast,U.S.?,A.Huston.,B.Boston.,C.Baltimore.,D.Philadelphia.,34._ is the state church in England.,A.The Roman Catholic Church.,B.The Baptist Church,C.The Protestant Church,D.The Church of England,35.The novel,Emma,is written by,A.Mary Shelley.,B.Charlotte Bront.,C.Elizabeth C.Gaskell.,D.Jane Austen.,36.Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?,A.William Wordsworth.,B.George Elliot.,C.George G.Byron.,D.Percy B.Shelley.,37.William Sidney Porter,known as O.Henry,is most famous for,A.his poems.,B.his plays.,C.his short stories.,D.his novels,38.Syntax is the study of,A.language functions.,B.sentence structures.,C.textual organization.,D.word formation.,39.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?,A.Arbitrariness.,B.Productivity.,C.Cultural transmission.,D.Finiteness.,40.The speech act theory was first put forward by,A.John Searle.,B.John Austin.,C.Noam Chomsky.,D.M.A.K.Halliday.,TEM 8-2006,31.The President during the American Civil War was,A.Andrew Jackson.,B.Abraham Lincoln.,C.Thomas Jefferson.,D.George Washington.,32.The capital of New Zealand is,A.Christchurch.,B.Auckland.,C.Wellington.,D.Hamilton.,33.Who were the natives of Australian before the arrival of the British settlers?,A.The Aborigines.,B.The Maori.,C.The Indians.,D.Eskimos.,34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of,A.the Shadow Cabinet.,B.the Parliament.,C.the Opposition.,D.the Cabinet.,35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?,A.T.S.Eliot.,B.D.H.Lawrence.,C.Theodore Dreiser.,D.James Joyce.,36.The novel,For Whom the Bell Tolls,is written by,A.Scott Fitzgerald.,B.William Faulkner.,C.Eugene ONeil.,D.Ernest Hemingway.,37._ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.,A.Free verse,B.Sonnet,C.Ode,D.Epigram,38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of,A.reference.,B.meaning.,C.antonymy.,D.context.,39.The words“kid,child,offspring”are examples of,A.dialectical synonyms.,B.stylistic synonyms.,C.emotive synonyms.,D.collocational synonyms.,40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by,A.Halliday.,B.Chomsky.,C.Bloomfield.,D.Saussure.,TEM 8-2007,31.The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT,A.the Anglos,B.the Celts,C.the Jutes,D.the Saxons,32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by,A.the Monarch,B.the President,C.the Prime Minister,D.the Governor-general,33.,The Declaration of Independence,was written by,A.Thomas Jefferson,B.George Washington,C.Alexander Hamilton,D.James Madison,34.The original inhabitants of Australia were,A.the Red Indians,B.the Eskimos,C.the Aborigines,D.the Maoris,35.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bronte?,A.Oliver Twist,B.Middlemarch,C.Jane Eyre,D.Wuthering Heights,36.William Butler Yeats was a(n)_ poet and playwright.,A.American,B.Canadian,C.Irish,D.Australian,37.,Death of a Salesman,was written by,A.Arthur Miller,B.Ernest Hemingway,C.Ralph Ellison,D.James Baldwin,38._ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.,A.Phonology,B.Morphology,C.Semantics,D.Sociolinguistics,39.The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT,A.lexical,B.syntactic,C.phonological,D.psycholinguistic,40.The word tail once referred to“the tail of a horse”,but now it is used to mean“the tail of any animal.”This is an example of,A.widening of meaning,B.narrowing of meaning,C.meaning shift,D.loss of meaning,TEM 8-2008,31.The largest city in Cana is,A.Vancouver.,B.Montreal.,C.Toronto.,D.Ottawa.,32.According to the United States Constitution,the legislative power is invested in,A.the Federal Government.,B.the Supreme Court.,C.the Cabinet.,D.the Congress.,33.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?,A.Baseball.,B.Tennis.,C.Basketball.,D.American football.,34.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is,A.the President.,B.the Governor-General.,C.the British monarch.,D.the Prime Minister,35.,The Canterbury Tales,a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury.,A.,William Langland.,B.Geoffrey Chaucer.,C.William Shakespeare.,D.Alfred Tennyson.,36.Who wrote,The American,?,A.Herman Melville.,B.Nathaniel Hawthorne.,C.Henry James.,D.Theodore Dreiser.,37.All of the following are well-known female written in 20,th,-century Britain EXCEPT?,A.George Elliot.,B.Iris Jean Murdoch.,C.Doris Lessing.,D.Muriel Spark.,38.Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?,A.Arbitrariness.,B.Displacement.,C.Duality.,D.Diachronicity.,39.What type of sentence is“Mark likes fiction,but Tim is interested in poetry.”?,A.A simple sentence.,B.A coordinate sentence.,C.A complex sentence.,D.None of the above.,40.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called,A.hyponymy.,B.synonymy.,C.polysemy.,D.homonymy.,TEM 8-2009,31.The Head of State of New Zealand is,A.the governor-general.,B.the Prime Minister.,C.the high commissioner.,D.The monarch of the United Kingdom.,32.The capital of Scotland is,A.Glasgow.,B.Edinburgh.,C.Manchester.,D.London.,33.Who wrote the Declaration of Dependence and later became the U.S.President?,A.Thomas Jefferson.,B.George Washington.,C.Thomas Paine.,D.John Adams.,34.Which of the following is located on the eastern coast of Australia?,A.Perth.,B.Adelaide.,C.Sydney.,D.Melbourne.,35.,Ode to the West Wind,was written by,A.,William Blake.,B.William Wordsworth.,C.Samuel Taylor Coleridge.,D.Percy B.Shelley.,36.Who among the following is a poet of free verse?,A.Ralph Waldo Emerson.,B.Walt Whitman.,C.Herman Melville.,D.Theodore Dreiser.,37.The novel,Sons and Lovers,was written by,A.Thomas Hardy.,B.John Galsworthy.,C.D.H.Lawrence.,D.James Joyce.,38.The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is,A.corpus linguistics.,B.sociolinguistics.,C.theoretical linguistics.,D.psycholinguistics.,39.A especial language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called,A.dialect.,B.idiolect.,C.pidgin.,D.register.,40.When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking,such as asking someone to open the window,he is performing,A.an illocutionary act.,B.a perlocutionary act.,C.a locutionary act.,D.none of the above.,2010,年英语专业八级,人文知识考题,31.Which of the following statements in INCORRECT?,A.The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.,B.The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.,C.The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.,D.The British constitution includes one single written constitution.,32.The first city ever founded in Canada is,A.Quebec.,B.Vancouver.,C.Toronto.,D.Montreal.,33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?,A.1770.,B.1788.,C.1900.,D.1901.,34.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the slavery plantation system in the South of the U.S.was issued by,A.Abraham Lincoln.,B.Thomas Paine.,C.George Washington.,D.Thomas Jefferson.,35._ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems.,A.Will Blake,B.W.B.Yeats,C.Robert Browning,D.William Wordsworth,36.,The Financier,is written by,A.Mark Twain.,B.Henry James.,C.William Faulkner.,D.Theodore Dreiser.,37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined as,A.allegory.,B.sonnet.,C.blank verse.,D.rhyme.,38._ refers to the learning and development of a language.,A.Language acquisition,B.Language comprehension,C.Language production,D.Language instruction,39.The word“Motel”comes from“motor+hotel”.This is an example of _ in morphology.,A.backformation,B.conversion,C.blending,D.acronym,40.Language is a tool of communication.The symbol“Highway Closed”on a highway serves,A.an expressive function.,B.an informative function.,C.a performative function.,D.a persuasive function.,KEY,2005:BBADD BCBDB,2006:BCADA DBDBD,2007:CDACD CABDA,2008:CDADB CADBD,2009:ABACD BCDCA,2010:DDDAC DAACB,III.Geography,History&Culture,1.The United,Kingdom-,flag and anthem,(God Save the Queen,),III.Geography,History&Culture,(1)geography,A.location:,The United Kingdom is bordered on the south by,the English Channel,(,Strait of Dover,is the narrowest),which separates it from the continent of Europe.It is bordered on the east by the,North Sea,and on the west by the,Irish Sea,and,the Atlantic Ocean,.,The United Kingdoms only land border with another nation is between Northern Ireland and Ireland.,B.land:,a:rivers,The Severn,the longest,The Thames,the most important,second only to the Severn in length,b:mount,Ben Nevis,(1,343 m,)is the highest summit in Britain,located in Scotland,c:lake,Lough Neagh,the largest,in Northern Ireland,The Severn,The Thames,Ben Nevis,(1,343 m)is the highest summit in Britain,located in Scotland,Lough Neagh,the largest,in Northern Ireland,(2)political division,a:,England,London,the largest in land area,and the most populated,b:Scotland,Edinburgh,c.Wales,Cardiff,d.Northern Ireland,Belfast,England,London,Wales,Cardiff,Scotland,Edinburg,Northern Ireland,Belfast,(3)politics,A.governmental system:unitary central government,parliamentary monarchy or constitutional monarchy,B.,Constitution,TheBritishconstitution comprises multiple documents.The written part consists of the,Magna Carta,written in 1215;,the Petition of Right,passed by Parliament in 1628;and t,he Bill of Rights,of 1689.,C.Monarchy,Theofficialheadof state.,Buckingham Palace,in Westminster is the official London residence of the British sovereign,D.,The Executive,a.Prime Minister,The,chiefexecutiveof the government,is the prime minister.He or she is the,leader of the party,that holds the most seats in the House of Commons.The prime minister presides over,the Cabinet,.,No.10 Downing Street,in London has been the official residence of the British prime minister since Sir Robert Walpole in 1732.,b.,Cabinet,TheCabinethasabout 20 members,or ministers,all of whom must be,members of Parliament,(MPs).Members of the Cabinet are leaders of the majority party in the House of Commons.,c.,The Privy Council,The Privy Council comprises all current and former Cabinet members,as well as important public figures in Britain and the Commonwealth.,E.The Parliament,a.the House of Lords,TheHouseofLordstoday is more a place of discussion and debate than one of power,and it normally passes legislation already approved by the House of Commons.,b.the House of Commons,MembersoftheHouseof Commons are elected from geographical constituencies determined by population,and each MP generally represents a constituency,F.Political Party,a.the Conservative Party&the Labour Party,b.History,Britishpoliticalparties date from the 17th century,when the,Whig,and t,he Tory,parties appeared during the time of the,Revolution of 1688,.Whigs believed in a strong Parliament and came from the landed classes who were allied with the merchants and Nonconformist or non-Anglican Protestants.Tory supporters came from the landed aristocracy and were defenders of the king and the Church of England.In the 1800s the Whigs merged with other parties interested in social reform to form the,Liberal Party,.The Tories took on the additional name of the Conservative Party in the 1830s in order to appeal to a broader electorate,.The Conservative Party is still a major party in the United Kingdom,but the,Labour,Party,founded around the turn of the 20th century,grew to become the primary opposition to the Conservatives,taking the place of the Liberals.The Liberal Party evolved into the,Liberal Democrat Party,the third most popular party in Britain.,(4)Culture,A.education:,a.higher education:Oxford,Cambridge,b.primary and secondary schooling,In Britain,the term,form,is used to designate grade;Private schools or independent schools are called,public schools,(,私立学校,),a term that means just the opposite in the United States.What are called public schools in the United States are called,state schools,（公立学校）,in Britain.,Grammar schools,are university preparatory schools,most of which have been replaced by,comprehensive schools,catering to students of all academic abilities.,Secondary modern schools,provide vocational education rather preparation for university entrance.,B.religion,Two established churches:the Church of England and the Church of Scotland.The Church of England,also called the Anglican Church,is a Protestant Episcopal church.,C.media,a.newspapers:,Quality newspapers:,The Times,Financial Times,The Guardian,Daily Mirror,Middle-market papers:,Daily Mail,Express,Popular papers/tabloids:,The Sun,Daily Star,b.magazines:,The Economist,The Spectator,c.news agencies:,Reuters,Press Association Ltd.,AFX News Ltd.,d.radios:,BBC,e.TV stations:,BBC,ITV,D.social services,Medical care:National Health Service(NHS),E.sports,:,Football,the most popular game,Cricket,the most typical English sport,Tennis,cradle of modern tennis(Wimbeldon,England),Golf,Sctoland is home of golf since 17th century,F.Festivals,a.Eisteddfod,(Welsh,“a sitting of learned men”),national music and literary festival held each summer in Wales to promote Welsh language,literature,music,and customs.,b.Guy Fawkes Day,(5)history,A.ancient times:,the Celts,ancestors of Scots and Irish,in 1000 B.C.,B.Roman Period,Roman Emperor,Claudius I,invaded Britain in force in,AD 43,;the Roman Empire withdrew in,AD 410,C.Anglo-Saxon England,a.Starting from,5th,century,Angles,Saxons,Jutes,(Germanic tribes,from the Continent)arrived.,b.Christianity was introduced when,Pope Gregory I,sent a group of missionaries under a monk named,Augustine,to Kent in,596,c.By means of warfare,the Germanic(Anglo-Saxon)kingdoms were united by,Egbert,of Wessex in,825,d.,Alfred,(grandson of Egbert),The Great,.(Alfredgavehisattention to good government,issuing a set of laws and to scholarship.He promoted,and assisted in,the translation of Latin works into Old English and encouraged the compilation of the,Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.,),D.Danish invasion and the End of Anglo-Saxon Rule,a.In 1066,Edward,died without an heir.(Edward was most interested in the building of,Westminster Abbey,which was completed just in time for his burial in January 1066.),b.The,Witenagemot,(or,Witan,an assembly of the kings counselors in Anglo-Saxon England)chose,Harold,.Other aspirants were King,Harold III,of Norway and Duke,William,of Normandy.Harold II defeated the former at Stamford Bridge on September 25,1066,but lost to William at Ha