AbstractWriting.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Abstract,Writing,3/2/2026,1,Abstract:,classification and format,1.Indicative,Abstract(,指示性摘要,),3/2/2026,2,2,.Informative Abstract(,报道性摘要,),Usually including:,1)Brief introduction(background,objective/purpose/aim,explanation),2)procedure and results of the research,3)conclusion,4)future prospects,3/2/2026,3,a.non-structured,The first type of informative abstract,3/2/2026,4,b.,semi-structured,objective/purpose/aim,methods,results,conclusions,The,second,type of informative abstract,3/2/2026,5,c.,full-structured,context/background,objective,design,setting,patients/subjects/participants/samples,intervention,main outcome measures,results,conclusion,The,third,type of informative abstract,3/2/2026,6,Exercise:,Rewrite the first non-structured example of abstract into a semi-structured or full-structured one.,3/2/2026,7,Abstract:,language features,Tenses,Voices,3/2/2026,8,Exercise:,Try to locate several suitable key words for these abstracts.,3/2/2026,9,Abstract:,patterns and structures,Introduction,:,We report/describe,In this paper we report,is/are discussed/reviewed.,The present situation of is reported/presented.,Experiment was done/performed on,was studied/investigated,Research was made in,3/2/2026,10,Objective,to/in order to study/investigate,/examine/determine/explore/inquire into/evaluate,/assess/observe,/,understand,/clarify/,substantiate,/elucidate/discuss/report,To find out the relationship betweenand,In,an effort/attempt to,The purpose/objective/aim of this study was to,This study aims at/was designed,to,3/2/2026,11,Methods,Using/employing,By/with/through,was used/employed/applied to do,3/2/2026,12,Results,The results showed that,It was found/observed that,We found/observed that,was closely related to,increased/decreased by,3/2/2026,13,Conclusions,The authors/we,conclude/suggest,/propose,/suspect/recommend/feel/believe/think/consider that,This report/This case/The data obtained/The results/These findings suggest(s)/show(s)/indicate(s)/illustrate(s)/demonstrate(s)/confirm(s)/support(s),It is pointed,out/suggested/concluded/,3/2/2026,14,Prospecting,It can be expected that,should be further explored/investigated,It is necessary to make/carry out deeper study on,Further study is to be done on,Follow-up study will further clarify/confirm,will be required.,3/2/2026,15,Exercise:,Fill in the blanks with proper words as required by the context.,3/2/2026,16,