专四写作辅导.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,1.,测试内容：,测试形式,测试体裁,测试要求,作文,（,composition,）（,15%,）,议论文，说明文，记叙文,(argumentation,exposition,narrative,）,根据所给的作文题目，提纲或,图表，数据等，在,35,分钟内写,一篇,200,字左右的作文，要求：,切题，完整，条理清楚，结构,严谨，语法正确，语言通顺，,表达得体。,便条（,note-writing,）（,10%,）,简单的应用文,(practical writing),根据所给提示，在,10,分钟内完,成一篇,50-60,个单词的便条，通,知，请帖等，要求：格式正,确，语言得体。,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,1.,测试内容：,年份,主题或题目,题材,体裁,题型,2001,年,旅游开阔人的视野,大众生活,说明文,观点说明,2002,年,保持健康的最好方法,大众生活,说明文,提出建议,2003,年,保持好心情的重要性,大众生活,说明文,观点说明,2004,年,电话是否会代替写信？,社会现象,议论文,观点讨论,2005,年,为艺术节提建议,校园文化生活,说明文,提出建议,1.,测试内容：,年份,主题或题目,体裁,题材,2001,年,爽约道歉,道歉,学生日常生活,中发生的事情,2002,年,询问所转让的随身听的情况,留言,2003,年,婉拒晚会邀请,婉拒,2004,年,对同学考试失利安慰,安慰,2005,年,邀请参加音乐会,邀请,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,2.,命题作文评分四个方面,：,a.,内容（,content,）,b.,组织（,organization,）,c.,语法（,grammar,）,d.,得体（,appropriateness,）,要求切题和统一，在正确理解要求后做到不跑题，并且全文都围绕这一主题展开，无不相关信息。,2.1.1.,内容上的要求：,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,2.,命题作文评分四个方面,：,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,2.,命题作文评分四个方面,：,2.1.2.,组织上的要求,英语指令,汉语解读,You are to write in three parts,要求你写,3,个部分,In the first part,state specifically what your idea is.,第一部分：明确表明你的观点,In the second part,provide one or two reasons to support your idea or describe your idea.,第二部分：用一个或两个理由发展你的观点或描述你的观点,In the last part,bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.,第三部分：自然结尾,要求文字通顺，语法正确。避免语法错误如：句子片段，主谓不一致，词性不分等。,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,2.,命题作文评分四个方面,：,2.1.3.,语言上的要求,文体上的得体性是指，作者要兼顾论题，情景和读者的因素，选择正式的，非正式的，亲昵的或者是文学性的用词，句式，时态，指示方法来进行写作。另外，作文毕竟不同于一般口头表达，,要尽量避免口语中不规范的现象，以及语言的缩略形式（如,its,Im,theyre,theyve,等,）,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,2.,命题作文评分四个方面,：,2.1.4.,文体上的要求,2.1.5.,五个评分档次：,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,2.,命题作文评分四个方面,：,档次,切题（不跑题）,思想表达,连贯性与衔接,文字通顺，语法,15,分,切题,清楚,连贯性好,基本无语言错误,14-12,分,切题,清楚,连贯性好,少量语言错误,11-9,分,基本切题,比较清楚,比较连贯,语言错误较多，一些较严重,8-6,分,基本切题,不够清楚,连贯性差,较严重的语言错误,5-3,分,不切题,调理不清，思想紊乱,语言支离破碎,大部分句子有错,误，且多为严重错误,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,范文,1,My idea of a University Arts Festival,In my opinion,the arts festival of university should be more particular and colorful.As the arts festival is held for all students,so we should plan it to let every one join it.,First,in the beginning of the program,we can invite 20 people to stand at the stage to pose a very beautiful,mordel,.Then six of them can sing a sentence of a song one by one,the others will sing together after them.Second,I think that we should collect the programs from all students.There are always the same persons to play the programs every year.It is very boring,so I suggest that.Because in our school,there are many versatile persons,they have many special ideas.If we can adopt their ideas or programs,I think our arts festival will be more interesting.Third,before the end of program,we can play some games,and let the arts festival end with laughing.,To sum up,we should hold the arts festival with all students.Let every student can show themselves.,范文,1,My idea of a University Arts Festival,In my opinion,the arts festival of university should be more particular and colorful.,As the arts festival is held for all students,so we should plan it to let every one join it.,First,in the beginning of the program,we can invite 20 people to stand at the stage to pose a very beautiful,mordel,.,Then six of them can sing a sentence of a song one by one,the others will sing together after them.,Second,I think that we should collect the programs from all students.There are always the same persons to play the programs every year.It is very boring,so I suggest that.,Because in our school,there are many versatile persons,they have many special ideas.,If we can adopt their ideas or programs,I think our arts festival will be more interesting.Third,before the end of program,we can play some games,and let the arts festival end with laughing.,To sum up,we should hold the arts festival with all students.Let every student,can,show themselves.,范文,2,My Idea of a University Arts Festival,Life in campus should be filled with,diversity and creativity,.As a member of students who are bored with the endless study,Im very excited to be informed that therell be an arts festival next semester.Personally speaking,the arts festival can,be composed of,three major activities:painting show,music performance and games.,On the painting show students can draw anything they like on a large white paper on the first floor of teaching building.There will be no limitation of painting styles or methods.The theme of this painting show can be“,paintings with no pains,”.At the end of this show some students should be volunteer to clean the floor and get rid of rubbish.,Whats more,since many students can play the musical instruments,they will be invited to form a temporary band and compose a song for our university.At that time,every student will have the opportunity to show their music talents.,Last but not least,games are always crucial in any entertainment events.,Studentsll,be asked many questions,concerning,different cultures and customs of other countries.,Prizes and souvenirs,are plentiful and should be colorfully decorated.,Above-mentioned statements,are my ideas of this arts festival.Ill appreciate it very much if the Students Union can,give me the feedback,or any comments on my suggestions.I hope we can hold a successful and wonderful arts festival.,范文,2,My Idea of a University Arts Festival,Life in campus should be filled with diversity and creativity.As a member of students who are bored with the endless study,Im very excited to be informed that therell be an arts festival next semester.Personally speaking,the arts festival can be composed of three major activities:painting show,music performance and games.,On the painting show students can draw anything they like on a large white paper on the first floor of teaching building.There will be no limitation of painting styles or methods.The theme of this painting show can be“paintings with no pains”.At the end of this show some students should be volunteer to clean the floor and get rid of rubbish.Whats more,since many students can play the musical instruments,they will be invited to form a temporary band and compose a song for our university.At that time,every student will have the opportunity to show their music talents.Last but not least,games are always crucial in any entertainment events.,Studentsll,be asked many questions concerning different cultures and customs of other countries.Prizes and souvenirs are plentiful and should be colorfully decorated.,Above-mentioned statements are my ideas of this arts festival.Ill appreciate it very much if the Students Union can give me the feedback or any comments on my suggestions.I hope we can hold a successful and wonderful arts festival.,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,3.,便条的评分标准：,格式,1,）日期（,1,分）（,April 24,2005,或者,Apr.24,或,24th April,）,2,）称呼（,1,分）,3,）结尾（,1,分）,内容与语言,1,）情况描述,2,）邀请，道歉等的表达,3,）首句用自己的语言表达,4,）语言表达顺畅，得体,总体要求：,1,）语言没有严重错误，格式正确，内容完整，语言得体，字数符合,要求（,40,）,可给,5,分,2,）便条总字要求在,50-60,字；不到,40,或者超过,80,字扣,1,分,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,3.,便条的评分标准：,Example:,Section B Note-writing(10min):,Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:,You have got two tickets to a concert given by a famous pop band/orchestra.Write a note to your friend,Hilda/Mike,describing briefly what it is and inviting her/him to come with you.,Marks will be rewarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriateness.,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,范文,1,Apr.24,Dear Mike,The National Orchestra will come to Hangzhou,and give a wonderful performance at,Huanglong,Sports Center at 6 p.m.on the coming May Day.Famous musicians like,Sheng,Zhongguo,and Hong,Yun,are reported to attend the concert.,Im lucky to get two tickets and Id like to invite you to go,.Thats a rare chance we cant miss.,Yours,Mary,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,范文,2,April,24,2005,Dear Hilda,Therell be a concert in,Da,Hua,theter,at 10 a.m.,tommorry,morning by Dick Rock band.Its very hard to get one ticket,but I happen to get two.How lucky am I!I will be very happy if you can go with me.We can have dinner together after the concert.,Your George,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.1.“,引,-,限,-,提”,引题，限题，点题,The Best Way to Stay Healthy,1)It is estimated that 70 percent of the mid-aged people in such big cities as Beijing and Shanghai are in a sub-health condition.2)Therefore,health has become an important issue for the whole society.3)As to how to stay healthy,“so many people,so many minds.”4)Some people favor physical exercise,while others prefer a balanced diet.5)In my opinion,doing physical exercise is the best way to stay healthy.,范文评析：从调查数据,1,），引出,2,）,health,；针对,health,我们有诸多话题，如，重要性，成本等等，但是,3,）和,4,）把讨论的议题限制在“,how to stay healthy”,。最后通过,5,）提出自己的观点。,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.1.“,引,-,限,-,提”,引题，限题，点题,The Better Way to Get Information:The Internet,1)It is said that the 21st century is“the century of information”.2)And the ways for people to get information are varied.3)Among the numerous sources,the Internet and printed books are two main kinds.4)However,with the technological development,Internet has become obviously superior to printed books.,范文评析：,句,1,）引出大背景,information age,句,2,）限题在“,the ways of getting information”,句,3,）更进一步限题在,the Internet,和,printed books,两种方法上，句,4,）提出自己的选择。,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.2.,引言（数据，格言，谚语）,+,观点,Honesty:Is It Going Out of Style?,1),According to a recent poll,61 percent of American high school students have admitted cheating on exams at least once,.2)It can be argued that such a response may not mean much.3)After all,most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbors test paper.4)And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behaviors.5)However,there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.2.,引言（数据，格言，谚语）,+,观点,Travel Can Broaden Our Views,As a Chinese old saying goes,traveling ten thousand miles and reading ten thousand books is the top ideal for people,.Travel does broaden our mind.It enables us to appreciate beautiful scenery,value the culture and customs of a people and learn the history.,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.3.,贴切简单的例子,+,观点,The Profits of Praise,It was the end of my exhausting first day as waitress in a busy restaurant.The loaded trays I carried felt heavier and heavier.Weary and discouraged,I didnt seem able to do anything right.As I made out a complicated check for a family with several children who had changed their ice-cream order a dozen times,I was ready to quit.Then the father smiled at me and said,“Well done!Youve looked after us really well.”Suddenly my tiredness vanished.Those few words of praise had changed everything.,Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit;we cannot flower and grow without it.,(Adapted from Janet Graham),TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.4.,疑问或问题,+,观点,Why I Teach?,1),Why do you teach?,2)My friend asked the question when I told him that I didnt want to be considered for an administrative position.3)He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a“step up”toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up:money and power.4)I dont teach because teaching is easy for me.6),Why,then,do I teach?,(Adapted from college English Book 3,by Peter G.,Beilder,),TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.4.,疑问或问题,+,观点,Why I Come to College?,After graduation from high school,many of my friends chose to do business.In their words,“a heavy purse makes a light heart.”In the past few years I have experienced many cases where“a light purse makes a heavy heart.”Going to college does mean much burden to me and my family.,But why do I insist on furthering my education in college?,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.5.,不同或相反的观点,+,自己的观点,Phones will Never Kill Letter Writing,1)A recent survey shows that more than 85%of the college students choose telephone rather than letter to communicate with their relatives or friends.2)They think that telephone is more convenient than letter in information conveyance.3)Some people even think that telephone will kill letter writing.4)But I hold that letter writing cannot be replaced by telephone for the following reasons.,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,4.,开场白妙招：,4.5.,不同或相反的观点,+,自己的观点,What Makes the World Go Around?,1)Some people think that it is love that makes the world go around.2)Others of less romantic but more practical turn of mind say that it isnt;its money.3)But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go around.4)Energy is the currency of ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy,which in turn is used to seek more food to grow to reproduce and to survive.5)On this cycle all life depends.,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.1.,说明先后次序,first,second;to begin with,moreover,finally;first of all,next,then,eventually;,Meanwhile;in the same time,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.2.,表示因果关系,because of,due to,owing to,thanks to,;,as a result,for this reason,consequently,accordingly,thus,hence,therefore,in this way,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.3.,比较与对比,unlike,in contrast,despite,in spite of,on the other hand,otherwise,while,whereas,nevertheless,although,but,yet,still,likewise,in like manner,similarly,in the same way,just as,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.4.,附加或补充,again,in addition,and,also,furthermore,moreover,whats more,not onlybut also,besides,apart from,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.4.,递进,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,additionally,in addition,also,besides,likewise,furthermore,equally important,on the one handon the other hand,as well,last but not least,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.5.,举例,for example,for instance,a case in point,to illustrate,as an illustration,just as,takefor example,as follows,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.6.,让步，转折,though,although,despite,in spite of,regardless of,even though,for all that,but,yet,however,in contrast,still,nevertheless,otherwise,whereas,on the contrary,on the other hand,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.7.,解释同位关系,that is(to say)roughly means,in other words,by definition,namely,assuggests,as regard,with regard to,concerning,as for,in terms of,i.e.,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.8.,选择,or,or rather,alternatively,instead,rather than,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,5.,主体部分衔接手段：,5.9.,总结,all in all,briefly,in brief,in conclusion,in one word,in short,in a word,in summary,to sum up,to conclude,to summarize,on the whole,in sum,as has been mentioned above,We can draw the conclusion from what we have talked about.,Personally,I,According to the above analysis,we can arrive at the conclusion that,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,6.,如何自然结尾：,6.1.,提出建议，呼吁行动,Example:,1.Extracurricular activities are very important to college students in their healthy development,so I want to suggest that Students Union organize more meaningful activities and every student actively take part in various activities.,2.Since sports is so important to keep us healthy,lets do physical exercise every day.,3.In my viewpoint,a university arts festival is a world for us students.The stage is yours.Fellow students,come on and wrap your arms around next arts festival.,TEM 4,写作部分应试技巧与指导,6.,如何自然结尾：,6.2.,总结主题，但不要简单重复,Example:,So teaching gives me peace,variety,freedom and chall