定语从句课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,定语从句,年份,数量,考点,2013,2012,2011,关系代词引导的定语从句,10,6,6,关系副词引导的定语从句,6,2,4,介词,+whom/which/whose,引导的定语从句,2,4,3,特殊的定语从句,0,2,4,1.(2013,湖南高考,)Happiness and success often come to those,are good at recognizing their own strengths.,A.whom,B.who,C.what,D.which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。,who,在句中引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。,whom,引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词,+whom,结构中。,2.(2013,江苏高考,)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,he remembers starting as early as his childhood.,A.where B.which,C.what,D.when,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,世界银行的总裁说他热爱中国,这种热爱早在他的童年时代就开始了。此句中,passion(,热爱,激情,),为先行词,在定语从句中,starting,之后缺少宾语,when,和,where,为关系副词,不能充当主语或宾语,因此排除,A,、,D,两项。,C,项的,what,不能引导定语从句,故选,B,。,3.(2013,安徽高考,)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese people,s long-held dreams come true.,A.it B.that,C.what D.which,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:2012,年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系代词,which,在从句中作主语,that,不能引导非限制性定语从句。,4.(2013,福建高考,)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those,lives were affected.,A.whoseB.that C.whoD.which,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知,those,后为定语从句,先行词是,those,空格处在从句中作,lives,的定语,故用关系词,whose,。,5.(2013,天津高考,)We have launched another man-made satellite,is announced in today,s newspaper.,A.that B.whichC.who D.what,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我们已经发射了另外一颗人造卫星,这在今天的报纸上报道了。,that,和,what,不引导非限制性定语从句,;who,的先行词是人,;which,引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子,在从句中充当主语。,6.(2013,陕西高考,),is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.,A.It B.That C.What D.As,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,孩子们通常就是这样,医生来的时候埃米就好些了。,as is often the case,固定句式,意思是“通常就是这样”,as,引导非限制性定语从句。,7.(2013,山东高考,)Finally he reached a lonely island,was completely cut off from the outside world.,A.when B.where,C.which,D.whom,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。,island,后面是一个定语从句,修饰,island,并且从句中缺少主语,指地点,所以选,C,。而,A,项,when,及,B,项,where,在定语从句中分别作时间及地点状语,;D,项,whom,只能指人,在定语从句中作宾语。,8.(2013,山东高考,)There is no simple answer,is often the case in science.,A.as B.that C.when D.where,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,没有一个简单的答案,这在科学领域里是常有的事。,as,引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代替前面的情况,意为“正如,正像”。,9.(2013,新课标全国卷,)“You can,t judge a book by its cover,”,.,A.as the saying goes oldB.goes as the old saying,C.as the old saying goesD.goes as old the saying,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查,as,引导的非限制性定语从句。句意,:,常言道,:“,人不可貌相。”,as,引导非限制性定语从句时,从句用正常的语序,as,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,as the old saying goes,是固定表达,表示“常言道,;,俗话说”。,10.(2013,重庆高考,)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of,are family members.,A.themB.that C.whichD.whom,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,约翰邀请了大约,40,人来参加他的婚礼,其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为,40 people,在定语从句中作,of,的宾语并指人,用关系代词,whom,故选,D;A,项为代词,放入之后前后为两个完整的句子,两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开,需在两句中间加入连词才对,;B,项,that,一般不放在介词后面,;C,项,which,指代物。,11.(2013,北京高考,)Many countries are now setting up national parks,animals and plants can be protected.,A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,现在很多国家都在建国家公园,在那里动植物能得到保护。先行词为,national parks,在从句中作地点状语故选用关系副词,where,。,12.(2013,江西高考,)He wrote a letter,he explained what had happened in the accident.,A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他写了一封信,在信中,他解释了事故中发生的事情。在此句中,letter,是先行词,where=in which,引导后面的定语从句,在从句中作状语,故选,C,。,13.(2013,新课标全国卷,)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house,I would be staying.,A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我一到达,布赖恩就带我去看我要住的房子。根据句意和句子结构可知,I would be staying,是定语从句,修饰,house,。定语从句中缺少地点状语,所以此处填关系副词,where,或,in which,。,14.(2013,浙江高考,)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform,visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.,A.what B.where,C.when,D.why,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,博物馆将于春天开放,届时将有一个展览,还将有一个看台,在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句,先行词为,platform,该空在从句中作地点状语,只能用,where,。故选,B,。,15.(2013,四川高考,)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment,they live.,A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。,A,项可引导名词性从句,;B,项可引导定语从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语,;C,项可引导定语从句,在句中作时间状语,;D,项可引导定语从句,在句中作地点状语。从句中的,live,为不及物动词,先行词,the environment,在定语从句中作地点状语,故选,D,项。,16.(2013,浙江高考,)The children,had played the whole day long,were worn out.,A.all of what B.all of which,C.all of them,D.all of whom,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,孩子们都累了,他们都玩了一整天。该定语从句的先行词为,children,定语从句的引导词在从句中作介词,of,的宾语,只能用,whom,。故选,D,。,17.(2013,辽宁高考,)He may win the competition,he is likely to get into the national team.,A.in which case B.in that case,C.in what case D.in whose case,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他可能会赢得比赛,那样的话他就很可能进入国家队了。逗号一般不可连接两个句子,故排除,B,。因为是定语从句,故排除,C,。此处要用,which,代指上文说的情况,而,whose,是作定语的,此处不合句意。,热点考向,1,关系代词引导的定语从句,1.,以下场合通常只用,that,引导定语从句,:,(1),先行词是,all,everything,anything,nothing,something,little,much,none,few,the one,等不定代词时,;,(2),先行词被,all,any,few,every,no,little,much,some,等词修饰时,;,(3),先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时,;,(4),先行词被,the only,the very(,正是、恰是,),the last,修饰时,;,(5),先行词含有人和物两者时,;,(6),当主句中含有疑问代词,which,或,who,时,;,(7),先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。,2.,以下场合通常只用,which,引导定语从句,:,(1),引导非限制性定语从句时,;,(2),关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时,;,(3),先行词本身是,that,时,;,(4),引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时,;,(5),当关系词离先行词较远,中间有其他句子成分时。,3.,关系代词,as,与,which,的区别,:,以下场合多用,as,引导定语从句,:,(1),非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可,;,(2),非限制性定语从句的谓语为,be announced,be expected,be known,be mentioned,be reported,be said,等被动式谓语,;,(3),表示整个主句内容,有时含有“按照,;,正如,;,根据”等意思,;,(4),在下列固定结构中,关系代词代表整个主句所述的内容,:,as we all know,我们都知道,as may be imagined,这可以想象得出来,as we all can see,正如我们大家所能看到的那样,as has been said before,如前所述,as is often the case,情况常常如此,as often happens,正如经常发生的那样,as is well known,众所周知,as will be shown in Figure 3,将如图,3,所示,(5),当先行词被,such,the same,so+,adj,.+a/an,such a/an+,adj,.,as many/much,修饰时。,4.,其他关系代词的用法,:,(1),关系词,who,与,that,指人时,不同情况常用不同的关系词,当主句是,there be,句型时,关系词常用,who,。,先行词为,anyone,those,someone,everyone,one,等词时,关系词常用,who,。,当主句是,who,作疑问词时,关系词常用,that,。,whom,在从句中只作宾语,而,who,可以作主语、宾语,(,限制性定语从句中可以省略,),或表语。,(2)whose,作关系词既可指人又可指物,在从句中作定语。,【,真题变式,】,选用,as,或,which,填空。,(2012,福建高考,)The air quality in the city,_is shown in the,report,has improved over the past two months.,(2011,上海高考,)You,ll find taxis waiting at the bus,station_you,can hire to reach your host family.,as,which,【命题小试】,请根据以下内容命制一道考查关系代词,as,与,which,的题目。,A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that,period.That has been discovered.,【,参考答案,】,A lot of language learning,has been discovered,is,happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much,to their children during that period.,A.as,B.it,C.which,D.this,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,正如已经发现的那样,大量的语言学习发生在出生后的第一年,所以在那一时期父母应该多和孩子交谈。根据句子结构可知,本题考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,在句中作主语,指代主句整个句子的内容。,A,项可引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”,;B,项不能用于定语从句,;C,项虽然也能用于引导非限制性定语从句,但常常放在整个主句之后,;D,项也不能用于引导定语从句。,热点考向,2,关系副词引导的定语从句,1.,考查关系副词基本用法。,when,指时间,=in/at/on/during which,where,指地点,=in/at/from which,why,指原因,=for which,2.,当先行词为,way,day,reason,time,时,可用,that,作关系副词。,(,非正式场合,),。,I dont like the way(that/in which)he talks.,3.,当,time,作先行词时,关系词常可以省掉。,【,真题变式,】,把句中的关系副词替换成介词,+which,的形式。,(2012,湖南高考,)Care of the soul is a gradual process where,even the small details of life should be considered.,_,(2011,天津高考,)The days are gone when physical strength,was all you needed to make a living.,_,I want to know why you are opposed to my plan.,_,where,可替换为,in which,when,可替换为,in which,why,可替换为,for which,热点考向,3,介词,+whom/which/whose,引导的定语从句,1.,怎样选择关系代词。,关系代词指人时常用,whom,指物时常用,which,。,whose,也可以放在介词后,即构成“介词,+whose+,名词”结构,whose,指人、物皆可。,2.,怎样选择介词。,(1),一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下两方面入手,:,根据从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定,;,根据句意确定介词与关系词的搭配。,(2),表示“整体和部分关系”、“同位关系”或“所属关系”,常用介词,of,。常见结构,:,在,some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,等代词或数词的前后可以用,of which/whom;,也可在,the+,比较级或最高级前后用,of which/whom,等。,3.from where,为“介词,+,关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。,【,真题变式,】,用定语从句合并句子。,(2012,山东高考,)Maria has written two novels.Both of them,have been made into television series.,_,_,Maria has written two novels,both of which have been made,into television series.,热点考向,4,特殊的定语从句,分隔式定语从句,先行词与关系代,(,副,),词分隔,插入式定语从句,关系代词与从句之间有插入语,省略式定语从句,介词,+,关系代词,+,不定式,【真题变式】,用定语从句合并句子。,(2012,浙江高考,)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature.For,some reason,he had withdrawn from all human society.,_,_,Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,who,for some,reason,had withdrawn from all human society.,易错点,1,混淆关系代词与关系副词,(,母题,)(2011,陕西高考,)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.,A.which,B.where,C.who,D.that,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我和我的朋友们一直走到了山顶,在那里我们欣赏到了美妙的湖光景色。把定语从句补全为,:We enjoyed a splendid view of the lake at the top of the hill.,由此可知,定语从句中缺少的成分为地点状语,故选择,where,一项。,(,变式,)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,were interested in climbing mountains.,A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我和我的朋友们一直走到了山顶,他们对爬山很感兴趣。定语从句中缺少的成分为主语,且指的是人,故使用,who,。,【,误区点拨,】,选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词,;,而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。,准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分,(,主、宾、定、表、状,),才能正确选择出关系代词,/,关系副词。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语、表语时,选择关系代词,(who,whom,that,which,whose);,先行词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词,(where,地点状语,when,时间状语,why,原因状语,),。,易错点,2,混淆定语从句与其他从句,(,母题,)Liu Yang is such an outstanding astronaut,we all admire.,A.that B.as C.who D./,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,刘洋是如此杰出的以致我们都很佩服的一位宇航员。先行词被,such,修饰,一般使用,as,引导定语从句。,(,变式,)Liu Yang is such an outstanding astronaut,we all admire her.,A.that B.as C.whoD./,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查状语从句。句意,:,刘洋是一位如此杰出的宇航员,以致我们都很佩服她。,we all admire her,一句句子成分完整,故排除,as,和,who;,另外从句意分析,that,引导一个结果状语从句。,【,误区点拨,】,the same,such,so,可以与,as,或,that,搭配。,as,引导定语从句时要在从句中充当成分,;,而,that,引导的是结果状语从句,从句结构完整,that,在从句中不作任何成分。,1.(2013,成都模拟,)In our school there are 200 computers,60%need replacing.,A.of them B.of which,C.in them,D.in which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,在我们学校有,200,台电脑,其中的,60%,需要更换了。根据句意可知,60%,和先行词,computers,之间为部分与整体的关系,故用介词,of;,分析句子结构可知逗号之后为定语从句,which,指代,computers,在定语从句中作介词,of,的宾语。,2.Advertising can influence,consumersmoods,in turn,can influence,consumersreactions,to products.,A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,广告影响消费者的心情,反过来,消费者的心情也能够影响到他们对产品的反应。,which,指代前面的,consumersmoods,引导一个非限制性定语从句。,3.(2013,济南模拟,)The last time I went to Scotland was in May,the weather was fun there.,A.whereB.that C.whenD.which,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我上次到苏格兰是在五月,那时那里的天气很好。此处,when,引导一个非限制性定语从句。,4.,is often the case,the girl forgot to bring her dictionary.,A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.As,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,正如往常一样,这个女孩又忘了带词典。,As is often the case,为固定句式,意为“情况常常如此”,as,引导非限制性定语从句。,5.More and more talented young people are attracted to the famous university,they expect to develop themselves in many ways.,A.when B.which,C.why D.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,越来越多的有才华的年轻人被吸引到这所著名的大学,他们希望在这里自身得到多方面的发展。本句中的先行词为,university,被其后的定语从句所修饰。其中,where,在非限定性定语从句中充当句子的地点状语。其他选项不符合句意。,6.Could it be in the restaurant,we had dinner yesterday,you left behind your,iPhone,5?,A.that;where B.which;that,C.where;that,D.where;where,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句和强调句型。分析句子结构可以看出,第一空使用,where,引导定语从句,where,在从句中作状语,;,第二空为强调句型的结构词,that,。,7.I can never forget the days,we spent together in the summer camp.,Well,especially the day,it suddenly began to rain in the middle of the night.,A.when;when B.which;when,C.what;that,D.on which;when,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我永远不会忘记我们在夏令营一起度过的日子。,噢,尤其是午夜突然下雨的那天。本题两空都引导定语从句,第一空在从句中作,spent,的宾语,用,that/which;,第二空在从句中作状语,用,when,。,8.(2013,资阳模拟,)Helping others is a habit,you can learn even at an early age.,A.that B.whichC.whereD.what,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,助人为乐是一种习惯,这甚至是在小时候就能学会的。,you can learn.age,是非限制性定语从句,根据句意可知从句缺少宾语,关系代词,that,不能引导非限制性定语从句而,which,可以。故选择关系代词,which,。,9.(2013,内江模拟,)The car-pooling alliance is a non-governmental and non-profit organization in China,the purpose of,is to deal with traffic pressure during the Spring Festival.,A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.that,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,拼车联盟是中国一个非政府的、非盈利的组织,其目的是解决春节期间的交通压力。,which,指代,organization,在非限制性定语从句中作介词,of,的宾语,that,不能位于介词之后。,10.On her birthday,she received from her parents a nice present,a note was attached,saying“We,love you so much”.,A.which B.to which,C.in which,D.where,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,她在生日那天收到她父母送的一份精美礼物,上面附了一张字条,上面写着“我们非常爱你”。,attach.to,表示“把,附在,上”。,11.(2013,天津模拟,)Now there are many opportunities,you can show your talent in our school.,A.in which B.that,C.which,D.of which,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,在我们学校里,有很多机会你可以施展你的才能。此处,in which=where,在从句中作状语,表示地点。,12.(2013,西安模拟,)Cheer up!Everyone may have periods in their lives,everything seems tough.,A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,振作起来,!,每个人的一生中都可能会有一切看起来都很艰难的时期。此处先行词为,periods,指时间,关系副词引导定语从句,定语从句和先行词被状语,in their lives,隔开了,属于分隔,(,分离,),式定语从句。,