高三英语虚拟语气课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气,Subjunctive,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,语气,陈述语气,(,The Indicative Mood),用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。,People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV.,Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after,Xiaohua,was born.,How should we act towards people who have AIDS.,What a brave girl!,语气,祈使语气,(,The Imperative Mood),用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝告等。,Let me do it.,Please keep quiet in the reading room,.,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等,(,在,条件,从句中或,让步,状语从句中,),；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等,(,在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,),。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中,(,叫虚拟条件句,),，,表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况,(,以,do,为例,),：,虚拟语气在,在条件从句中,表示与事实情况相反,条件从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,表示现在情况,过去式,(,did),(be,常用,were),Would/could/might/should(,用于第,1,人称,)+,动词原形,(,do),表示过去情况,过去完成式,(,had+done),Would/could/might/should,+have done,表示将来情况,过去式,(,did)(were),should+do,were to do,Would/could/might/should,+do,虚拟语气,例句,If you,had come,a few minutes earlier,you,would have met,him.,要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。,(,与,过去,事实相反,),2.,If it,were(were to be/should be),sunny,tomorrow,I,would come,to see you.,明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。,(,与,将来,事实可能相反,),3.,If I,were,you,I,would go,now,.,假如我是你的话，我现在就走。,(,与,现在,事实相反，事实上我不可能是你,),虚拟语气在,在条件从句中,虚拟语气,二、省略,if,的条件从句,当从句中有,were,had,或,should,时，可省略,if，,而把它们放在句首。,If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.,Were,I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time,he would try again.,Should,he fail in the experiment,If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.,虚拟语气在,在条件从句中,Had,you come a few.,虚拟语气,三、错综时间的条件句（交叉虚拟）,即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。如：,If they,had studied,hard,they,could do,it easily now.,如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。,If he,had not taken,my advice,he,wouldnt do,it much better like this.,如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。,虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：,虚拟语气,1,、,记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示,愿望,(,wish),建议,(,suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，,要求,(,demand,request,require,insist),命令,(,order,command),等。,2,、,除,wish,外，其它动词用,should+do,构成,should,可以省略。,3,、,wish,接宾语从句有三种情况：,1,),现在：用过去式,2),过去：用过去完成式,(,had done),3),将来：用情态动词,(,would/could)+do,虚拟语气在：,在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,例句,1.,I wish she would be on my side.,我希望她能站在我一边。,2.,I wish I were 30 years younger.,我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。,3.,I wish(that)you would get a good job.,我希望你能找到一个好职业。,4.,He wished he hadnt done it.,他想要是他没这样做该多好。,5.,He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.,他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。,虚拟语气在：,在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,4,、,记住：,insist/suggest,各有两种意思，要用不同的语气,Insist,表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式,，即,should+do;,Insist,表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气,，表示事实。,Suggest,表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。,Suggest,表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。,例句,The teacher,suggested,that we,(should),clean the blackboard after class.,老师,建议,我们课后把黑板擦了。,He,insisted,that all of us,should,be there on time by any means.,他,坚持要,我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。,He,insisted,that he,was,right.,虚拟语气在：,在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,在,would(had)rather(,宁愿,),引导的宾语从句中,当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要用一般过去时,;,表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。,I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.,虚拟语气在：,在宾语从句中,虚拟语气,主句的,主语,常是表示说话人,愿望,(,wish/desire)、,建议,(,suggestion/advice),要求,(,requirement/demand)、,命令,(,order,command),等的名词，表语从句的谓语动词用,(,should)+do,.,Our,suggestion,is that you,(should)be,there on time.,虚拟语气在,在表语从句中,虚拟语气,同位语从句的,先行词,常是表示说话人,愿望、建议、要求、命令,等的名词。,The,suggestion,that students,(should)learn,something practical is worth considering.,Do you know the,order,that you,(should)keep,watch.,虚拟语气在,在同位语从句中,虚拟语气,在句型,“,It is important(necessary,strange,natural)that.,”,中，,that,后面的从句中的谓语动词用：,should+,动词原形,例句,Its,necessary,that we should have a walk now.,我们有必要出去散散步。,Its,natural,that she should do so.,她这样做是很自然的。,Its,important,that we should take good care of the patient.,重要的是我们要照顾好病人。,虚拟语气在,在主语从句中,虚拟语气,在,as if/though,从句中，常用虚拟形式，即,表示与现在事实相反，用过去式,；,与过去事实相反用过去完成式,(,had done).,一、,as if,连接表语从句,She looked,as if,she were made of ice.,她看起来似乎是冰做的,He looked,as if,he hadnt slept for two days.,二、,as if,连接方式状语从 句,She looked after the boy,as if,he were her own son.,她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。,He speaks to us,as if,he had been there.,他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。,虚拟语气在,在,as if,从句中,虚拟语气,1.,if only,意为：若是,.,那该多好啊,;,真希望,.;,只要,只要,.,就好,表示现在的情况,应用过去式,;,如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态,If only I,had arrived,in time!,If only she,didnt drive,so fast.,2.,Its(high/right)time that,that,从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用,过去时或,should+do,Its time that you,left/should leave,here.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,3.,一些介词短语,如:,but for(,要不是,),without,otherwise(,否则,),等,表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气,Without,your help,we would not have made such rapid progress.,But for,my brothers help,I would not have finished it on time.,I had to do,sth,.more important,otherwise,I might have helped.,虚拟语气中的几个特例,虚拟语气,1,、表示说话人的要求、建议、命令时，常用,(,should)do,表示虚拟形式,主要用于名词性从句中。,2,、其它情况常用两种形式：表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成式。,简单的归纳,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.,A.would have missed B.had missed,C.would miss D.missed,2.,It was the drug,，,not the disease,，,that killed the boy.,He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.,A.not take B.,shouldn,t have taken,C.,didn,t take D.,hadn,t taken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.),A.listened B.had listened,C.should listen D.would listen,4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.,A.sell B.sold,C.shall sell D.would sell,5.I wish this bus _ to the university.,A.go B.went,C.has gone D.had gone,虚拟语气,6.,Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(,吃得饱,),though his parents feed him very well.,A.get B.getting C.got D.should get,7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.,A.had been B.were C.was D.been,8.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.,A.would lend B.would have lent,C.could lend D.may have lent,虚拟语气,9.Have you ever been to Beijing?,-No,but I wish I _.,A.have B.will C.do D.had,10.I dont think it is the right time that you _.,A.will go B.went C.go D.must go,11.,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it.A.breaks B.has broken,C.were broken D.had been broken,虚拟语气,12.(2003,上海春季高考题,),Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _ your advice.,A.followed,B.would follow,C.had followed,D.should follow,13.(2002,上海高考题,),It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,，,at the age of seven,，,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.,A.,wouldn,t have fallen B.had not fallen,C.should fall D.were to fall,14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him,，,but he,didn,t believe it.,A.,hadn,t spoken B.,shouldn,t speak,C.,wouldn,t speak,D.not speak,虚拟语气,15.,It is high time the child _ to the hospital.,A.is sent,B.would be sent,C.be sent D.were sent,16.If it _ so hard,，,we,d go to town.,A.,isn,t raining B.,weren,t raining,C.,doesn,t rain D.has rain,17.,It,s strange that he _ without saying,good-bye to us.,A.should have gone out B.went,C.should go out D.goes out,虚拟语气,18.,Had you listened to the doctor,，,you _ all right now.,A.are B.were,C.would be D.would have been,19.I,d rather you _ know the secret.,A.,didn,t,B.,hadn,t,C.not,D.not to,20.Without your help,，,we _ this task.,A.don,t finish B.will not finish,C.,didn,t finish D.would not have finished,虚拟语气,21.,Isn,t it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York?,A.went B.would go,C.go D.will go,22.I wish I _ you yesterday.,A.saw B.did see,C.had seen D.were to see,23.His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.,A.,didn,t agree B.,hadn,t agreed,C.,wouldn,t agree D.not agree,虚拟语气,24.,The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man.,A.would be engaged to B.be engaged to,C.should engaged to D.must be engaged to,25.You _ earlier.The bus left a moment ago.,A.would come B.should have come,C.must come D.could have come,26.She made a suggestion that the plan _ carefully.,A.be considered B.was considered,C.should consider D.would be considered,See you tomorrow!,