英语非谓语动词讲解课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句 子 成 分,谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所,处的状态。通常由动词的,各种形式,来,充当。并且和主语,在人称和数上保持一致,。,句 子 成 分,1.,一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词,短语来充当,She,got,here at six.,2.,有些谓语是由,“系动词,+,表语”,构成的,The girl,felt cold,.,He,is a teacher,.,句 子 成 分,3.,有些谓语由,“情态动词,+,动词原形”,构成,Can,you,speak,French?,We,must be,careful.,4.,如果不及物动词作谓语，则不可以,直接加宾语，但可以在不及物动词后,加介词再跟宾语,We,depend on,ourselves,not others.,非谓语,不定式（,to,do,),分词,动名词（,-ing),过去分词,(-ed),现在分词,(-ing),-ing,分词,-ed,分词,V-ing/V-ed,使用条件,一个句子,当中，,已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词,的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,She got off the bus,leaving,her handbag on her seat.,She got off the bus,but,left,her handbag on her seat.,See from the hill,we find the town beautiful.,1.,2.,When we see from the hill,we find the town beautiful.,Seeing from the hill,we find the town beautiful.,千万要注意,V-ing,形式的规则哟！,1.,不能单独作谓语,2.,没有人称和数的变化,3.,有时态和语态的变化,。,时 态 和 语 态,语态,时态,主 动,被 动,一般式,完成式,doing,being done,having done,having been done,V-ing,的否定式,在 分词前加“,not”,语态,时态,主 动,被 动,一般式,完成式,doing,being done,having done,having been done,(not),(not),(not),(not),V-ing,在句子中充当的成分,Send e-mails,is,more and more popular.,Its no use take this kind of medicine.,The film is so moved .,I couldnt help cry when I heard the bad news.,I heard the girl sung in the classroom.,Sending,taking,moving,crying,singing,主语,表语,宾语,宾补,mind,、,suggest,、,delay,、,keep on,、,look forward to,、,enjoy,、,appreciate,、,imagine,、,practise,、,finish,、,succeed in,、,consider,、,cant help,、,miss,?,+doing,(V-ing,在这种结构中做宾语,),have,、,leave,、,keep,see,、,watch,、,hear,、,find,、,notice,、,feel,catch,?,+sb.+doing,(,V-ing,在这种结构中做宾补,),5.China is a,developing,country.,China is a country,developing very fast,.,6.,Hearing,the cry for help,he rushed out.,Being,ill,he went home.,Time,permitting,I can do it better.,定语,状语,=If time permits,I can do it better,China is a large country which develops very quickly.,2.I have received your letter which says you will come to China next month.,3.I want to see some films that are very interesting.,China is a large country,developing,very quickly.,I have received your letter,saying,you will come to China next month.,I want to see some,interesting,films.,4.When he was walking in the street,he saw one of his old friend.,5.Because he was ill,he stayed at home.,6.After he finished the letter,he posted it.,-(,when),Walking,in the street,he saw one of his old friend.,-,Being,ill,he stayed at home.,-,Having finished,the letter,he posted it.,注意,:-,ing,的完成形式只表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前,.,V-,ing,和,V-ed,的区别,从,时态和语态两个角度去区分,V-ing,V-ed,时态,语态,进行时,过去,主动,被动,V-ed,的用法,如：,a,developed,country/a,developing,country,a,polluted,river /a,sleeping,baby,(1),作定语,(2),作状语,_ from the hill,you can get the whole town.,_ from the hill,the whole town looks beautiful.,Seeing,Seen,1.Mr Brown wants to buy a,used,car.,2.Whats the language,spoken,in Germany.,3.The pupils will get,tired,if they are made to learn too much,4.I made myself,understood,easily.,5.We found the work completely,done,.,6.,Heated,metals will expand.,=,If metals are heated,metals will expand.,7.,Seen,through a telescope,the sun appears dark near the edge.,例外：不及物动词的,-ed,分词没有被动含义，只表示完成的意思。,例如：,The street was covered with,fallen,leaves.,这条马路被落叶所覆盖,1._ from the hill,you can get the whole town.,2._ from the hill,the whole town looks beautiful.,Seeing,Seen,一,.,主语一致性的考察,常见考点类型,Waiting for a bus,_.,A.a brick fell on my head,B.A little girl came to talk with me.,C.I was hit by a brick on the head,D.I was hit by a brick on my head,C,二,.,一般式与完成式的考察,（,04,北京,),29._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.,To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited,（,04,吉林,),28.“We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob,_ out of the window.,A.looking B.to look,C.looked D.having looked,三,.,主动与被动的考察,1.,你知道他们正在讨论 的话题吗,?,Do you know the topic _ now?(,discuss,),2.,这个小男孩最后被看见在河边踢球。,The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.(,play,),being discussed,playing,四,.,句子成分混淆,1.There are a lot of students are planting trees on the small hill.,2.He lay on the grass,and looking at the sky.,planting,looking,3.The book,belongs,to Mary is lost.,belonging,V-,ing,和,V-ed,用法归纳,:,V-,ing,作主语,(,谓语动词用单数）,v-ed,不能作主语,Using computers,is,very common in our daily life.,2.V-ing,作表语,与,ved,分词,作表语,的区别,The story is,interesting.,The little girl is,interested,in the story.,The news is,disappointing.,He was,disappointed,to hear the result.,When the boys were watching the,exciting,film,they were very,excited,The students are all,moved,by the,moving,story.,When she saw the,surprising,result,she gave us a,surprised,look.,区别,:,v-ing,作表语时,表示某物具有的性质,常翻译为,”,令人,”,。,v-ed,做表语具有,被动的概念，一般表示某人对某事的感觉或者体验，解释为“感到,.”,。,3.v-ing,可作宾语，,v-ed,不能作宾语：,We,missed seeing,that film when it was at the local cinema.,He often imagines,flying.,He dreams about,being,a doctor,掌握只能跟,v-ing,作宾语的动词及短语,4.v-ing,和,v-ed,作宾补时的区别,:,They kept me,waiting,for a long time.,He watched the cars,coming and going.,I saw him,playing,card.,She heard her sister,singing,in her room.,Mr,Li has Jim,standing,outside the door.,I had my MP3,repaired,last week.,We heard this song,sung,in English.,No matter how I try,I just cant make myself,understood,by the foreigner.,V-,ing,用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成,主动,关系，,说明宾语,一直在做或正在做某事,.,V-ed,用作宾补时,和句子中的宾语构成,被动关系,，说明宾语的情况,5.v-ing,和,v-ed,作定语时的区别,:,a,singing,bird.a,sleeping,dog,a man,carrying a baby,a student,playing with knife,people,fighting against wars,a swimming pool a writing desk,a,wounded,monkey a,broken,chair,boiled,water,a soldier,wounded by knife,a road,covered with snow,6.v-ing,和,v-ed,作状语时的区别,:,Being ill,I cant go to work.(,原因,),Seeing,the house on fire,she called 119,(,时间状语,),He sat on a stone,reading,a book(,伴随,性状语,),Hearing,the good news,we all jumped,up with joy.(,时间状语,),The husband died,leaving his wife three daughters,.(,结果状语,),Seen from the top of the mountain,the,village is very beautiful.(,时间,状语,),Cooked in a special way,the fish tastes,Very nice.(,原因状语,),Given more time,we could finish the job,(,条件状语,),The president entered the hall,followed,by his guards,.(,伴随性状语,),不定式,(to do),的用法,:,可作主语,To lose your heart,means failure.,不定式做主语时，一般用,it,当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。,It is,adj/n,to do,sth,It takes,sb,some time to do,sth,It took me only five minutes,to finish the job.,It is very difficult for him,to finish the paper in such a short time.,1).,如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。,(,一致性,),To do two things,at a time is,to do neither,一次做两件事等于未做。,To see,is,to believe.,百闻不如一见。（眼见为实）,2)be to do,结构表将来时,:,He is,to marry Rose.,可作表语,3),如果主语是以,aim,，,duty,，,hope,，,idea,，,happiness,，,job,，,plan,，,problem,，,purpose,，,thing,，,wish,等为中心的名词，或以,what,引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。,His,wish,is,to buy,a car in the near future.,他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆轿车。,The most important,thing,is,to take,measures to prevent the pollution.,最重要的事情是采取措施阻止污染,What she wants to do most now,is,to travel abroad.,可作宾语,1)She refused,to come here.,后面用不定式作宾语即用,v+to do,结构的常用动词有,:,afford,（负担得起）,agree,（同意）,appear,（似乎，显得）,expect,（期望）,fail,（不能）,happen,（碰巧）,hope,（希望）,intend,（想要，打算）,learn,（学习）,manage,（设法）,plan,（计划）,pretend,（假装）,promise,（承诺，允许）,refuse,（拒绝）,want,（想要）,wish,（希望）,They begged to go with us.,他们恳求与我们同行。,You neednt bother to come yourself.,不必劳驾你亲自过来。,2),有些动词可以要求其后的不定式前面加一个连接副（代）词，一起充当宾语。,what,，,when,，,where,，,which,，,how,，,whether,等，但不可以是,why,。,They are considering,what to do next,.,Could you tell me,whether to go for a picnic?,你能告诉我是否会去野餐吗？,My little sister is learning,how to read and write.,My mother showed me,how to prepare meals.,I wonder,where to go.,我的小妹妹正在学习如何阅读和书写。,母亲向我演示了如何做饭。,我不知道去哪儿。,3),还可用,it,代替不定式作形式宾语,Find it+,adj,+to do,sth,I found,it,impossible,to answer all the questions within the time given,.,我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。,Some who were famous in their own times would find,it,difficult,to achieve success today.,一些过去著名的人物在今天也许就难以成功。,不定式可作宾语补足语,:,My teacher asked me,to go there on time.,We often hear her,sing the song at home.,动词不定式作宾语不足语时,to,要省略的动词有,:1.,感官动词,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,feel,listen to,等,;,2.,使役动词,have,make,let,1),不定式修饰的名词前有,only,，,last,，,next,，,not a,，序数词,(,first,second,.),或形容词最高级形容时，不定式作后置定语,与其所修饰的名词通常逻辑上是主谓关系。,He was the last one to leave school yesterday.,昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。,Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.,查理林德伯格是第一个独自飞跃大西洋的人。,不定式可作定语,:,2),不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。,She has a lot of work to do in the morning.,早上他有很多工作要做。,I need a pen to write with.,我需要一支笔写字。（介词,with,不能省略）,3),不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。,I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time,to catch the last bus.,我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。,Do you want to see the doctor,to be sent for,from Beijing?,你要见那位,将,从北京请来的医生吗？,The meeting,to be held,tomorrow is very important.,1),不定式可以用来做目的状语，相当于用,in order to,，,so as to,引导的目的状语。,Tim sat near the fire,to get warm,.,“,为何召开这次特别会议？”“为了选举新的官员。”,蒂姆为了取暖坐在火炉旁边。,“,To elect,the new officers(officials).”,“,Why was the special meeting called?”,不定式可作状语,:,2),不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用,enough to,，,sufficient to,，,only to,，,never to,，,so+,形容词,/,副词,+as to,引导。,Would you be,so,kind,as to,step this way,please?,请您从这边走好吗？,我要开门，却发现门被里面锁住了。,I tried the door,only to,find it locked inside.,He is brave enough,to go out alone at night,3),不定式可作原因状语,常放在,表示心理感觉的形容词后,I am happy to see you.,She was sad to hear the bad news.,4),不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语。,In order to be,a good scientist,one must,understand mathematics.,要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。,To learn English well,he,needs a dictionary.,